• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 2003

The concepts of t-rational extensions and t-essential extensions of modules, where t a preradical for R-Mod, are introduced. The structures of such extensions are determined. Relations between maximal t-rational extensions and other concepts of modules are studied.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.97-121
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• 2015

In this research, we examine whether and why temporal distance influences evaluations of two different types of brand extensions: concept-based extensions, defined as extensions primarily based on the importance or relevance of brand concepts to extension products; and similarity-based extensions, defined as extensions primarily based on the amount of feature similarity at the product-category level. In Study 1, we test the hypothesis that concept-based extensions are evaluated more favorably when they are framed to launch in the distant rather than in the near future, whereas similaritybased extensions are evaluated more favorably when they are framed to launch in the near rather than in the distant future. In Study 2, we confirm that this time-dependent differential evaluation is driven by the difference in construal level between the bases of the two types of extensions - i.e., brand-concept consistency and product-category feature similarity. As such, we find that conceptbased extensions are evaluated more favorably under the abstract than concrete mindset, whereas similarity-based extensions are evaluated more favorably under the concrete than abstract mindset. In Study 3, we extend to the case for a broad brand (i.e., brands that market products across multiple categories), finding that making accessible a specific product category of a broad parent brand influences evaluations of near-future, but not distant-future, brand extensions. Combined together, our findings suggest that temporal distance influences brand extension evaluation through its effect on the importance placed on brand concepts and feature similarity. That is, consumers rely on different bases to evaluate brand extensions, depending on their perception of when the extensions take place and on under what mindset they are placed. This research makes theoretical contributions to the brand extension research by identifying one important determinant to brand extension evaluation and also uncovering its underlying dynamics. It also contributes to expanding the scope of the construal level theory by putting forth a novel interpretation of two bases of perceived fit in terms of construal level. Marketers who are about to launch and advertise brand extensions may benefit by considering temporal-distance information in determining what content to deliver about extensions in their communication efforts. Conceptual relation of a parent brand to extensions needs to be emphasized in the distant future, whereas feature similarity should be highlighted in the near future.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.645-652
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to describe some characterizations on rational and f-rational extensions of modules, to determine the forms of f-rational extensions of given f-torsion free module for a left exact radical t and investigate the maximal t-rational extensions of modules.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 1992

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 1995

In this paper various G-module structures on M and all possible extensions of M by G will be studied, whence equivalence classes of extensions of M by G and those of extensions which are compatible with the given G-module structures of M will be determined explicitly. Further the difference between extensions and compatible extensions will be pointed out.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2007

In this study, we investigate the relative effectiveness of the two types of brand extensions (sequential extensions vs. direct extensions) in dissimilar extensions and examine the moderating role of two key variables - brand concept(functional brand vs. symbolic brand) and price of target extension product(low vs. high). The results from two experiments show that consumers evaluate the target extension product more favorably when brand is extended sequentially to dissimilar categories than when it is extended directly. However, the difference of target extension product evaluation between sequential extensions and direct extensions decrease when brand is symbolic and price of target extension product is high. Theoretical and managerial implications of the finding are discussed and inplications for future research are suggested.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 2020

We consider HNN extensions 〈B, t : t^―1Ht = K〉, where H, K are in the center of B. We show that conjugating automorphisms of those HNN extensions are inner if B satisfies certain conditions.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.87-98
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• 2015

As SPA brands are growing in Korean apparel markets, they are extending their well-established brands into new markets (i.e., SPA brand extensions). To investigate psychological mechanism underlying SPA brand extensions, this study conceptually proposed such consumer information processing of SPA brand extensions as (1) perception of similarity between SPA brand extensions and their original brands and (2) evaluations on the SPA brand extensions (i.e., attitude and purchase intent). For hypothetical SPA brand extensions (high, moderate and low similarity conditions), perceived similarity was measured by using a eye-tracker and evaluations were assessed by using a self-reported questionnaire. The results reveal that the amount of external information searching for SPA brand extensions was larger in the following order: moderate, low and high similarity conditions. The depth of SPA brand information processing was also deeper in the same order. Evaluations on SPA brand extensions were higher in high and moderate similarity conditions than in low similarity condition. The findings suggest that the evaluations are affected by perceived similarity and the amount of cognitive efforts in processing SPA brand extensions.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

In this paper, we introduce sub-${\delta}$-frames and simple extensions on a ${\delta}$-frame, and study their properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.254-258
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• 2006