• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.893-902
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare the mRNA expression levels of myogenic-adipogenic makers in the skeletal muscle and adipocytes formation, body weight, rumen weight, and papilla length on Hanwoo calves at newborn and 6 months of age. Animals used three newborn Hanwoo calves (NC) and three Hanwoo calves 6 months of age (SC). Body weight and rumen weight were significantly increased in SC compared to NC (p < 0.01), and papilla length was longer about 10-fold in SC than NC. Adipocytes was possible to visually identify more adipocytes in SC compared to NC, and were mainly formed around the blood vessels. mRNA expression of myogenin, myosin heavy chain 1 and myosin heavy chain 2A in both longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) was found to increase with calves growth (p < 0.01), and it was confirmed that have higher levels of mRNA expression in SM than LD. In LD tissues, the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, p < 0.03) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ, p < 0.04) was significantly higher in SC than NC. In SM tissues, mRNA expression levels of SCD (p < 0.02) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ, p < 0.01) were higher in SC than NC, and also mRNA expression levels of PPARγ increased, but there was no significant difference. Thus, the calves period suggests that it is an important step in the development of the rumen and the myogenesis and adipogenesis.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

Adipose tissue has now been recognized as a rich source of metabolically active molecules that include leptin and angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of angiotensin II (Ang II). Both of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic alteration and hypertension associated with obesity. In this study, we examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI), adipocyte size, leptin, Ang II secretion and mRNA expression in human adipose tissue obtained from female subjects. Leptin and Ang II were analyzed using specific radioimmunoassay kits following a 48hour tissue culture. Leptin and Ang II secretion varied from 1.4 - 72.1ng/g and 0.8 - 57.3pg/g of tissue respectively. These large individual variations limit significant correlation between BMI, leptin and Ang II secretion. Ang II secretion was significantly higher in the obese than the non-obese (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with BMI. However, no difference in leptin secretion between the obese and the non-obese was observed and leptin secretion showed negative correlation with BMI. No difference in leptin and AGT mRNA expression in adipose tissue between the obese and the non-obese was observed. Although several limitations of this study, we found increased Ang II secretion in obese patients compared with non-obese patients, and positive correlation between AGT and BMI. Observed difference in AGT expression between the obese and the non-obese in this study might be of importance in relation with obesity related hypertension. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 69-75, 2006)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.435-447
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• 2021

Purpose: Body adiposity is negatively correlated with hepatic iron status, and Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to reduce adiposity. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of PNO on adiposity, hepatic mineral status, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in iron absorption. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet containing 10% kcal from PNO (PC) or soybean oil (SBO; SC), or a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 35% kcal from lard and 10% kcal from PNO (PHFD) or SBO (SHFD). Hepatic iron, copper, and zinc content; and expression of genes and proteins related to iron absorption were measured. Results: HFD-fed mice had a higher white fat mass (2-fold; p < 0.001), lower hepatic iron content (25% lower; p < 0.001), and lower hepatic Hamp (p = 0.028) and duodenal Dcytb mRNA levels (p = 0.037) compared to the control diet-fed mice. Hepatic iron status was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.607, p < 0.001) and white fat mass (r = -0.745, p < 0.001). Although the PHFD group gained less body weight (18% less; p < 0.05) and white fat mass (18% less; p < 0.05) than the SHFD group, the hepatic iron status impaired by the HFD feeding did not improve. The expression of hepatic and duodenal ferroportin protein was not affected by the fat amount or the oil type. PNO-fed mice had significantly lower Slc11a2 (p = 0.022) and Slc40a1 expression (p = 0.027) compared to SBO-fed mice. However, the PC group had a higher Heph expression than the SC group (p < 0.05). The hepatic copper and zinc content did not differ between the four diet groups, but hepatic copper content adjusted by body weight was significantly lower in the HFD-fed mice compared to the control diet-fed mice. Conclusion: HFD-induced obesity decreased hepatic iron storage by affecting the regulation of genes related to iron absorption; however, the 18% less white fat mass in the PHFD group was not enough to improve the iron status compared to the SHFD group. The hepatic copper and zinc status was not altered by the fat amount or the oil type.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.573-590
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop contemporary Qipao design that emphasized creative feminine beauty with a unique sense beyond the concept of traditional Qipao design. This would be achieved using the expressive technique of human liberation from the oppression of the unconscious world a supported by surrealism. Using existing literature and previous research, surrealist expression technique used in fashion were investigated and analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the possibility of new and original design beyond existing surrealistic Qipao design was demonstrated through various realistic surrealism expression techniques, such as dépaysement, objet, and trompe-l'œil techniques. This occurred by exploring various unconscious world out of fixed ideas and through expression techniques of surrealistic fashion such as imagery of body parts, metaphorical expression of objects, and position deformation and illusion. Second, Qipao design that combined objet and attempted ordinary escape by combining isolated body parts (such as hands, eyes, and lips) within the composition combine with surrealistic expression enabled various and fun surrealistic fashion designs to emerge. Third, the metaphor of surreal lips and eyes (mainly used in works of this study) presented a unique and extraordinary combination of images in accessories and partial design that used the dépaysement technique. Thus, it was possible to expand surrealistic expression by including LED wire.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 2008

Although hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction occurs during endotoxemia, the mechanism responsible for this remains unclear. Since Kupffer cells provide signals that regulate hepatic response in inflammation, this study was designed to investigate the role of Kupffer cells in the imbalance in the expression of vasoactive mediators. Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal E. coli endotoxin (LPS, 1 mg/kg body weight). Kupffer cells were inactivated with gadolinium chloride ($GdCl_3$, 7.5 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) 2 days prior to LPS exposure. Liver samples were taken 6 h following LPS exposure for RT-PCR analysis of mRNA for genes of interest: endothelin (ET-1), its receptors $ET_A$ and $ET_B$, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$). mRNA levels for iNOS and TNF-$\alpha$ were significantly increased 31.8-fold and 26.7-fold in LPS-treated animals, respectively. This increase was markedly attenuated by $GdCl_3$, HO-1 expression significantly increased in LPS-treated animals, with no significant difference between saline and $GdCl_3$ groups. ET-1 was increased by LPS. mRNA levels for $ET_A$ receptor showed no change, whereas $ET_B$ transcripts increased in LPS-treated animals. The increase in $ET_B$ transcripts was potentiated by $GdCl_3$. We conclude that activation of Kupffer cells plays an important role in the imbalanced hepatic vasoregulatory gene expression induced by endotoxin.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

This paper proposes a 3D avatar which expresses sign language in a very using lips, facial expression, complexion, pupil motion and body motion as well as hand shape, Hand posture and hand motion to overcome the limitation of conventional sign language avatars from a deaf's viewpoint. To describe motion data of hand and other body components structurally and enhance the performance of databases, we introduce the concept of a hyper sign sentence. We show the superiority of the developed system by a usability test through a questionnaire survey.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.408-416
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• 2017

This researcher looked at the characteristics of "$N\bar{a}tya$ $\acute{s}\bar{a}stra$" acting techniques focused on body expressions and sought to utilize it as training method for modern actors. 'Body postponement as a symbol' is a key characteristic of "$N\bar{a}tya$ $\acute{s}\bar{a}stra$" acting techniques, and each facial expression, gesture, and movement performed by an actor has a specific meaning. Therefore, the study on "$N\bar{a}tya$ $\acute{s}\bar{a}stra$" has been treated as a major study mainly in the non-realistic expression style or the body-centered acting theory. Therefore, a study on "$N\bar{a}tya$ $\acute{s}\bar{a}stra$" acting techniques was mainly dealt with as a major research subject in the nonrealistic expression style or body-centered acting theory. This study, on the other hand, emphasized the importance of research on the utilization plan of actor training, which can be usually used in realistic plays as well as non-realistic plays. According to psychologists such as Damasio and Eckman, internal impulses can also be triggered through expressions and actions associated with emotions. In addition, not only acting through the actor's inner impulse, but also expression of the actor's faithful external emotion can trigger the emotion of the audience. Such a case can be a psychological basis that "$N\bar{a}tya$ $\acute{s}\bar{a}stra$" acting techniques, which defines rasa and expresses it physically, can be used as a methodology to enhance inner truth. Therefore, the study on the actor training utilizing ing "$N\bar{a}tya$ $\acute{s}\bar{a}stra$" can be applied as an effective approach in the study of contemporary acting theory which intends to integrate inner impulse and external expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.7 s.98
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• pp.156-170
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• 2005

As contemporary art tends to diverge from its fixed genres and intends to appeal to the public, fashion comes to contribute to the contemporary art area, by playing an important part in the creation of artistic value of art work. Nowadays, it is not unusual to see fashion work shown in an art exhibition parallel with art work, since some artists adopt costumes as the medium of their work in order to explore various means of expression. The occurrence of philosophical, sociological theories concerning human body parallelled with the prevalence of the post-structuralist ideas and occurrence of various styles of artistic expressions of body encouraged active research and attracted social attention to body. With such background, fashion art was formed by a means of the integration of body and fashion in order to create extreme artistic expression. 1 intend to investigate a variety of trends in fashion art from the viewpoint of body space. This study developed criteria for fashion image in contemporary art. Those criteria are based on the dichotomy that divides body into inner aspects and outer aspects. According to the criteria, Firstly, the extension type of body shape includes enlargement and reduction as its sub-types. Secondly, the opening-closure type includes opening type and closure type as its sub-types. Thirdly, the intensity type categorizes clothes into uniqueness and hybridity. Dynamism type classifies fashion art into fixation and moving. The various expressions of clothes type are interpreted as a means by which we can criticize many phenomena of modern society, such as loss of humanity, isolation of individuals, loss of identity, commercialism, and materialism. In the latter period of modern society, the integration of the double-faced nature of body and spirit was attempted and popular fashion was introduced into art in order to express desire, death, gender, identity, and sexual pleasure.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2018

Objective : There is an increasing number of people are not satisfied with their appearance and shape. Therefore, assessment tools are needed to evaluate the appearance or body shape. This study investigated the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Methods : Participants completed the BSQ, Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Esteem Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results : The Korean version of BSQ presented satisfactory test-retest reliability, internal consistency and validity. Exploratory factor analysis yielded four factors as follow: feeling fat, shame and inferiority about one's body shape, attitudes concerning body image perception, and purging behavior. Conclusion : These results show the Korean BSQ exhibits good psychometric properties and can accurately evaluate the body shape concerns among Korean adults.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.340-350
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$(PPAR${\gamma}$ is involved in the regulation of weaning to estrus of primiparous sows. Twelve sows composed of 6 groups of 2 full-sibs in a similar age (325.2 d), body weight (BW; 152.4 kg) and backfat thickness (BFT; 27.0 mm) at start of lactation, were allocated to accept 31 MJ (restricted group, R-group) or 53 MJ (control group, C-group) DE/d treatment, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the low energy intake resulted in excessive losses of BW and BFT during lactation in R-group sows, which may be related to decrease of serum 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15d-$PGJ_2$), a ligand of PPAR${\gamma}$ The obvious peak and the frequency of LH, FSH and estradiol ($E_2$) were only observed in C-group sows. Except for $E_2$ at d 1 and 2, serum FSH, LH and $E_2$ concentrations in R-group were lower than those in C-group sows after weaning. However, the serum progesterone ($P_4$) level in R-group sows was always more than that in C-group. The expression abundances of PPAR${\gamma}$and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in pituitary, FSH receptor (FSH-R), LH receptor (LH-R), estrogen receptor (ES-R) and aromatase in ovary of anestrous sows were lower than those of estrous sows. Neither the BFT nor the BW was associated with the mRNA abundance of PPAR${\gamma}$in hypothalamus during lactation. Expressions of PPAR${\gamma}$in pituitary and ovary were affected evidently by the BFT changes and only by the loss of BW of sows during and after lactation. Furthermore, PPAR${\gamma}$mRNA level in ovary was significantly related to the expression abundances of GnRH-R, FSH-R, ES-R and aromatase, and GnRH-R was obviously associated with PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary. However, PPAR${\gamma}$expression in hypothalamus likely has no effects on these genes expression and no obvious difference for all sows. Not serum $E_2$ or $P_4$ alone but the ratios of $E_2$ to $P_4$ and 15d-$PGJ_2$ to $P_4$, and serum FSH and LH were evidently related to PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary and ovary. It is concluded that PPAR${\gamma}$is associated with body conditions, reproduction hormones and their receptor expression, which affected the functions of pituitary and ovary and ultimately the estrus after weaning of primiparous sows.