• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.237-264
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• 2009

The present study explores patterns of teachers' corrective feedback and learners' uptake in Korean EFL undergraduate classroom setting. It also examines consistencies and discrepancies in the perception of corrective feedback by teachers and learners. Teachers' and learners' preferences and perception of corrective feedback are further analyzed to determine whether or not those differ from actual practices in English language learning classrooms. The results of the study are as follows. First of all, teachers' corrective feedback type varied according to the learners' error type and English proficiency level. There was a lack of consistency between the teachers' feedback practices and the learners' error types. Second, for the phonological errors, learners' data witnessed the most frequent uptake on recast. For the other error types, however, the learners' uptake rates were high for the explicit corrective feedback. Third, the teachers' explicit knowledge of corrective feedback was rather low and the preferences differed from teacher to teacher. The teachers' feedback perception and preferences did not consistently reflect their actual practices. Finally, patterns of the learners' expectations of corrective feedback varied according to learners' proficiency level. Teachers' and learners' expectations of corrective feedback were also compared and some mismatches were detected.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권9A호
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• pp.1359-1371
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 기존의 폭주 회피형 명시율 트래픽 (Explicit Rate feedback) 스위치 알고리즘의 단점을 개선하여 버퍼의 수위와 변화율에 따라 동적으로 목표 이용률을 조장하여 링크 이용 효율을 향상시킨 효율적인 명시율 피드백 스위치 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 대표적인 명시율 피드백 스위치 알고리즘인 ERICA 스위치와 NIST 스위치의 성능을 분석하고, 제안된 명시율 피드백 스위치 알고리즘과 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 ER 피드백 스위치는 동적인 목표 이용률의 조정을 통하여 가용 대역폭의 변화에 빠른 전송률의 변화를 보였으며, 스위치의 최대 큐 길이를 줄여 버퍼 범람을 방지하면서도 매우 높은 링크 이용 효율을 보여 성능이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2023

With the development of the e-commerce market, various types of products continue to be released. However, customers face an information overload problem in purchasing decision-making. Therefore, personalized recommendations have become an essential service in providing personalized products to customers. Recently, many studies on GCN-based recommender systems have been actively conducted. Such a methodology can address the limitation in disabling to effectively reflect the interaction between customer and product in the embedding process. However, previous studies mainly use implicit feedback data to conduct experiments. Although implicit feedback data improves the data scarcity problem, it cannot represent customers' preferences for specific products. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model combining explicit and implicit feedback to address such a limitation. This study treats the average ratings of customers and products as the features of customers and products and converts them into a high-dimensional feature vector. Then, this study combines ID embedding vectors and feature vectors in the embedding layer to learn the customer-product interaction effectively. To evaluate recommendation performance, this study used the MovieLens dataset to conduct various experiments. Experimental results showed the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art. Therefore, the proposed model in this study can provide an enhanced recommendation service for customers to address the information overload problem.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2023

추천 시스템은 사용자가 아이템에 남긴 익스플리싯 또는 임플리싯 피드백을 바탕으로 각 사용자가 선호할 법한 아이템들을 추천하는 기술이다. 최근, 추천 시스템에 사용되는 딥 러닝 기반 모델의 사이즈가 커짐에 따라, 높은 추천 정확도를 유지하며 추론 시간은 줄이기 위한 목적의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 대표적으로 지식증류기법을 이용한 추천 시스템에 관한 연구가 있으며, 지식증류기법이란 큰 사이즈의 모델(즉, 교사)로부터 추출된 지식을 통해 작은 사이즈의 모델(즉, 학생)을 학습시킨 뒤, 학습이 끝난 작은 사이즈의 모델을 추천 모델로서 이용하는 방법이다. 추천 시스템을 위한 지식증류기법들에 관한 기존의 연구들은 주로 임플리싯 피드백 환경만을 대상으로 수행되어 왔었으며, 본 논문에서 우리는 이들을 익스플리싯 피드백 환경에 적용할 경우의 성능 및 정확도를 관찰하고자 한다. 실험을 위해 우리는 총 5개의 최신 지식증류기법들과 3개의 실세계 데이터셋을 사용하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권5A호
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• pp.763-772
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 ATM망상의 다수의 종단간(End-to-end) 연결에서 망의 구성장치인 교환기들 간의 상호연동성능에 관하여 평가하였다. ATM Forum의 Traffic Management Specification 4.0에서 제시한 스위치 메커니즘 중에는 Binary Feedback 기법과 Explicit Rate Feedback 기법과 Explicit Rate Feedback 기법이 있다. 전자의 경우에는 망으로부터의 궤환정보를 이용하여 종단시스템에서 트래픽 제어가 이루어지나, 후자의 경우에는 스위치로부터의 정보에 의하여 종단시스템의 전송 가능한 트래픽 양이 정해진다. 상이한 방식으로 동작하는 교환기로 구성된 망에서는 그 제어방식의 차이로 동일한 방식을 가지는 교환기들로 구성된 종단간 연결과 비교할 때 망자원의 활용도, 망 제어 측면에서 성능저하를 예상할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 4가지의 기법에 대하여 각각 망을 구성하고, 구성의 차이에 따른 성능을 비교하고 그 원인을 분석하였다. 상이한 방식들로 구성된 경우 각 구성형태에 따라서 성능 차이가 나타났으며, 폭주가 발생하는 노드의 교환기 동작성능이 전체 망 전송성능을 결정하는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.63-90
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• 2007

The present study investigated what combination of three form-focused options - explicit explanation, production practice, and corrective feedback - may be effective in helping low-proficiency learners improve accuracy in communicative writing. The subjects were 34 Korean university students enrolled in 'Business English 1' and the study lasted 11 weeks. The relative clause structure was selected as the target structure. The study found that the combination of explicit explanation, sentence-level production practice, communicative writing practice, and recasts had a significantly greater effect on improved accuracy than the combination of communicative writing practice and recasts and that of explicit explanation, communicative writing practice, and recasts. Because the second and third combinations didn't lead to significantly improved accuracy, it can be concluded that of the form-focused options forming the first combination sentence-level production practice made a decisive contribution to the significant increase in accuracy. It also found that the provision of self-correcting opportunities before providing recasts on errors committed in sentence-level production practice resulted in significantly greater accuracy in communicative writing than the provision of recasts alone on them. The results of the study suggest that we should make low-proficiency Korean learners have sentence-level production practice which is intensive and focused and make them self-correct targeted errors before providing them with narrowly focused recasts in order to help them to improve writing accuracy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1071-1083
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• 2023

The on-the-fly energy release per fission (OTFK) model is implemented in STREAM to continuously update the Kappa values during the depletion calculation. The explicit neutron and photon energy distribution, which has not been considered in previous STREAM versions, is incorporated into the existing on-the-fly model. The impacts of the modified OTFK model with explicit neutron and photon heating in STREAM on the power distribution, fuel temperature, and other core parameters during depletion with feedback calculations are studied using several problems from the VERA benchmark suit. Overall, the explicit heating calculation provides a better power map for the feedback calculations particularly when strong gamma emitters are present. Generally, the fuel temperature decreases when neutron and photon heating is employed because fission neutrons and gamma rays are transported away from their points of generation. This energy release model in STREAM indicates that gamma energy accounts for approximately 9.5%-10% of the total energy released, and approximately 2.4%-2.6% of the total energy released will be deposited in the coolant for the VERA 5, NuScale, and Yonggwang Unit 3 2D cores.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2002

Recently much research has investigated the role of attention in L2 learning, comparing the effects of explicit learning with those of implicit learning. With this background the research aims at examining the effects explicit focus on form has on L2 learning based on the acquisition of the English article system. The participants were 70 Korean college students who enrolled in English Composition classes. The experimental group received explicit focus on form including grammatical explanation, input enhancement, output practice, and negative evidence (corrective feedback) for two weeks, while the control group was exposed to sufficient input and negative evidence. Completion tasks were administered at the beginning and the end of the semester. In addition, errors in the use of English articles were analysed on their compositions both before and after the different treatments. The analyses of the results show that the explicit focus on form group improved significantly more than the control group, particularly for the definite article 'the', and some changes occurred in the distribution of article errors. These findings suggest that explicit teaching plays a more contributory role than implicit teaching in acquiring L2 knowledge in classroom-based L2 learning.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.1298-1301
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• 2007

The problem of designing dynamic output feedback sliding mode controllers for uncertain multivariable linear systems is considered. Using linear matrix inequalities(LMIs), a feasibility condition for the design problem is derived. Explicit fomulas of the gain matrices of a full order output feedback sliding mode controller in terms of the solution matrices of the LMI condition is given. A simple LMI-based algorithm for designing output feedback sliding mode controllers is also given. Finally, numerical design examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.982-990
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• 1994

In this paper, we consider feedback-kinearizing control of brushless dc motors which have been increasingly used in high-performance servo applications, We completely characterize the whole class of the feedback controllers that enable the brushless dc motors to behave like linear systems but without torque ripple. The whole class of the feedback-linearizing controllers is characterized in the explicit form which contains a function to be chosen freely. The previously known controllers correspond to either the particular ones in our whole class of the feedback-Linearzing controllers or their truncated Fourier expansions. This free function can be used to achieve other control objectives as well as linear dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, our feedback-linearizing controllers can be easily determined from the measurement data of back EMF.