• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2015

Purpose: Human parechovirus (HPeV) and enterovirus (EV) are causative agents of a sepsis-like illness in neonates and of infections of the central nervous system in young children. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of HPeV3 and EV infection in young children with a sepsis-like illness or with meningitis in Jinju, Korea. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 267 patients (age range, 1 day to 5 years) and assessed for HPeV and EV by performing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Amplification products of the VP3/VP1 region of HPeV and of the VP1 region of EV were sequenced to identify the virus type. Results: HPeV and EV were detected in 3.4% and 7.5% of the total CSF samples assessed, respectively. The age distribution of EV-positive patients (median age, 1.4 months) had a significantly broader range than that of HPeV-positive patients (median age, 7.8 months). The peak seasons for HPeV and EV infection were spring and summer, respectively. The clinical symptoms for HPeV and EV infection were similar, and fever was the most common symptom. Pleocytosis was detected in 22.2% of HPeV-positive patients and 35.5% of EV-positive patients. The VP3/VP1 gene sequence of the nine Korean strains clustered most closely with the Japanese strain (AB759202). Conclusion: The data indicate that HPeV infection is predominant in young infants (<6 months) and that meningitis without pleocytosis was caused by both HPeV and EV infection in children.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1989

이 연구는 흰쥐, 개 및 고양이 숙주에 대한 이락촌폐흡충(Paragonimus iloktsuenensis)의 감염력 및 충체 성장 발육을 비교함으로써 개 및 고양이의 숙주 적합성을 알아보고 나아가 이 흡충 의 인체 감염 가능성을 추정해 보고자 실시하였다. 섬진강 하구산 말똥게(Sesarma dehaani)로부터 분리, 수집한 이락촌폐흡충의 피낭유충을 흰쥐, 개 및 고양이에 경구 감염시킨 후 42일을 기준으로 충체를 회수하였으며, 감염 후 42일에 회수한 충체를 유대로 하여 성장 발육을 비교하였다. 감염 후 42일에 흰쥐, 개 및 고양이에서 충체 회수율은 각각 평균 53.4%, 21.9% 및 12.7%이었으나 회수된 충체의 크기가 각각 평균 6.3×3.2mm, 6.3×3.0mm 및 6.2×3.5mm로 차이가 없었고 충체 발육 상에 있어서도 차이가 없었다. 이 연구의 결과는 이탁촌폐흡충의 종숙주로서 개 및 고양이가 충분히 가능함을 나타내었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1995

서울주걱흡충(Neodiplostomum seoulensis)재감염시 숙주에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 충체 회수율 소장의 조직병리 및 미소응모막효소 활성도를 관찰하였다. 자연감염된 뱀에서 피낭유충을 얻어 500개씩 흰쥐에 감염시키고 20일 후에 프라지콴텔로 치료하였다. 치료후 3주째에 피낭유충 500개씩 경구투여하여 재감염 시킨다음 3일. 1주. 2주 후에 도살하여 일차감염군과 비교하였다. 충체회수율은 일차감염시 각각 32.8%. 59.2%, 41.5%에서 재감염시 25.9%, 35.7%. 7.6%로 감소되었는데 특히 2주후에 급격히 감소되었다. 십이지장의 조직병리 소견은 일차감염시 1주 후부 터 융모의 응합 단축등의 퇴행성 변화와. 선와의 증식. 기질층의 염증세포 침윤 등이 나타나 2주까지 지속되었으나 재감염시는 3일 후부터 병변이 나타나다가 1주째부터 회복되었다. 미소응모막효소 활성도 측정결과 십이지장에서 일차감염시 alkaline phosphatase와 자당분해효소의 활성도가 대조군의 절반수준으로 감소하였으나 재감염시에는 대조군 수준과 동일하거나 오히려 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 이 흡충의 재감염시 충체의 배출이 빨라짐과 동시에 형태학적으로 회복이 빨리 이루어지며 기능적으로도 소장의 미소응모막효소 활성도의 회복이 빠르게 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

Purpose: Human adenovirus infection mimics Kawasaki disease (KD) but can be detected in KD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical differences between KD with adenovirus infection and only adenoviral infection and to identify biomarkers for prediction of adenovirus-positive KD from isolated adenoviral infection. Methods: A total of 147 patients with isolated adenovirus were identified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, 11 patients having KD with adenovirus, who were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy during the acute phase of KD were also evaluated. Results: Compared with the adenoviral infection group, the KD with adenovirus group was significantly associated with frequent lip and tongue changes, skin rash and changes in the extremities. In the laboratory parameters, higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level and presence of hypoalbuminemia and sterile pyuria were significantly associated with the KD group. In the multivariate analysis, lip and tongue changes (odds ratio [OR], 1.416; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.151-1.741; P=0.001), high CRP level (OR, 1.039; 95% CI 1.743-1.454; P= 0.021) and sterile pyuria (OR 1.052; 95% CI 0.861-1.286; P=0.041) were the significant predictive factors of KD. In addition, the cutoff CRP level related to KD with adenoviral detection was 56 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 75.9%. Conclusion: Lip and tongue changes, higher serum CRP level and sterile pyuria were significantly correlated with adenovirus-positive KD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2020

Background: Breastfeeding reportedly reduces the overall frequency of infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common respiratory pathogen in infants, involves recurrent wheezing and has a pathogenic mechanism related to airway structural damage. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether breastfeeding has a beneficial effect against RSV-induced respiratory infection compared to formula feeding among infants in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants under 1 year of age who were admitted with RSV infection between January 2016 and February 2018 at the department of pediatrics of 4 hospitals. We investigated the differences in clinical parameters such as cyanosis, chest retraction, combined infection, fever duration, oxygen use, oxygen therapy duration, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and corticosteroid treatment of exclusive breast milk feeding (BMF), artificial milk formula fed (AMF), and mixed feeding (MF) groups. Results: Among the 411 infants included in our study, 94, 161, and 156 were included in the BMF, MF, and AMF groups, respectively. The rates of oxygen therapy were significantly different among the BMF (4.3%), MF (8.1%), and AMF (13.5 %) groups (P=0.042). The odds ratios (ORs) for oxygen therapy was significantly higher in the AMF group than in the BMF group (adjusted OR, 3.807; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-11.90; P=0.021). The ICU admission rate of the BMF group (1.1%) was lower than that of the MF (3.5%) and AMF (4.5%) groups; however, the dissimilarity was not statistically significant (P=0.338). Conclusion: The severity of RSV infection requiring oxygen therapy was lower in the BMF than the AMF group. This protective role of human milk on RSV infection might decrease the need for oxygen therapy suggesting less airway damage.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2003

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known as the main factor for cervical cancer which is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Because there are more than 100 types in HPV, it is critical to discriminate the HPVs related with cervical cancer from those not related with it. In this paper, the risk type of HPVs using their textual explanation. The important issue in this problem is to distinguish false negatives from false positives. That is, we must find high-risk HPVs as many as possible though we may miss some low-risk HPVs. For this purpose, the AdaCost, a cost-sensitive learner is adopted to consider different costs between training examples. The experimental results on the HPV sequence database show that the consideration of costs gives higher performance. The improvement in F-score is higher than that of the accuracy, which implies that the number of high-risk HPVs found is increased.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1985

1984년 11월 Echinostoma hortense에 의한 인체감염의 2례를 발견하였다. 이는 praziquantel치료와 두 환자가 함께 보획하여 생식한 바 있는 담수어의 추적조사로 확인되 었다. 또한 버들치(Moroco oxycephalus)가 E. hortense의 제이중간숙주 역할을 한다는 사실을 새로이 밝혔으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 환자는 31세 및 30세 남자이며 강원도 원주시에 살고 있었고 한 가구에 같이 거주하고 있었다. 제1례는 E.H. fever의 병원에 입원하고 있었으며, 제2례는 건강한 상태로서 간헐적으로 가벼운 하복통과 연변 또는 경한 설사가 계속되었다. 대변검사에서 발견된 충란의 크기는 제1례가 $114.3{\times}71.0(평균){\mu}m$, 제2례가 $119. 1{\times}68.3(평균){\mu}m$이었다. 환자들에게 praziquantel 10~15mg/kg을 단회투여 하고 하제를 사용한 비 제2례의 환자 설사변에서 6마리의 E. hortense 성충을 수집하였다. 2. 환자들이 담수어를 보획한 그 장소에서 버들치 84마리와 붕어 20마리를 잡아서 피낭유충을 조사한 결과 버들치 3마리(3.5%)서 Echinostoma sp.의 피낭 유충을 발견하였다. 3. 분리된 피낭유충 3한마리의 흰쥐에게 경구 감염 시켜서 3마리의 E. hortense 성충을 얻는데 성공하였다. 이상의 결과로 충란만 발견된 제1례의 환자로 E. h hortense 감염자라는 것이 확인되었으며 버들치가 E. hortense의 제이중간숙주 역할을 한다는 사실이 밝혀졌다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1139-1142
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• 2003

저자들은 유전성 구상적혈구증으로 추적 관찰 중인 7세 남아와 용혈성빈혈의 기왕력이 없던 11세, 8세 환아가 심한 범혈구 감소증으로 내원하여 parvovirus B19 감염에 의한 골수무형성 위기로 진단하고 수혈 및 정주용 면역글로불린으로 1-2주만에 모두 호전된 유전성 구상적혈구증 환아 3례를 보고하는 바이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 1985

The metacercariae of an echinostomatid fluke were detected from a freshwater 6sh, Odontobutis obscura interrupta caught from the Seom river system, Wonseong-gun, Kangwon-do, and experimentally infected into rats to obtain the adult worms for the species identification. A total of 32 metacercariae was detected from 10 fishes (27.8%) out of 36 O. obscura interrupta caught from the river. The average size of metacercariae was $153.4{\times}149.0{\;}{\mu}{\textrm{m}}$. Also, it was uniquely specific that thickened membrane was formed around the metacercarial cyst wall. The rats orally infected with those metacercariae were sacrificed 20 days after infection to get the adult worms. The mean length and width of the adult worms were 0.75 cm and 0.13 cm, respectively. The number of collar spines on circumoral disk was 26 to 28, and the end group spines at lateral sides of the oral sucker were 4 on each side. The echinostomatid flukes observed in this study were all identified as Echinostoma hortense according to the morphologies of the cirrus sac, ovary, vitellaria and testes of the adult worms and the shape of eggs. On the other hand, O. obscura interrupta is one of the fresh-water fish that are preferably eaten raw by the rural inhabitants. Although no human case of 5. hortense infection by eating O. obscura interrupta has been experienced yet, the possibility is strongly suggested in this study.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.85-118
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• 2001

Studies on Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections are briefly reviewed. This minute intestinal fluke was first discovered from a Korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal troubles. It was described as a new species by Lee, Chai and Hong in 1993. The southwestern coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area, and additional endemic areas have been identified. The parasite is very small, 0.33-0.50 mm long and 0.23-0.33 mm wide. and characterized by the presence of a ventral pit. The first intermediate host remains unknown, but the second intermediate host has been found to be the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Man and the Palearctic oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus have been shown to be natural definitive hosts , and wading birds including the Dentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus are highly susceptible to experimental infection. Gerbils, hamsters, cats, and several strains of mice were also susceptible laboratory hosts. In experimentally infected mice, the parasites inhabit the small intestine, pinching and sucking the root of villi with their large oral suckers, but they did not invade beyond the mucosa in immunocompetent mice. However, they were found to invade the submucosa in immunosuppressed mice. Human G. seoi infections have been found in at least 25 localities; 23 islands on the Yellow Sea or the South Sea, and 2 western coastal villages. The highest Prevalence was found in a village on Aphaedo. Shinan-fun (49% e99 Positive rate) : other areas showed 0.8-25.3% prevalence. Infected people complained of variable degrees of gastrointestinal troubles and indigestion. The infection can be diagnosed by recovery of eggs in the feces; however, an expert is needed to identify the eggs. Praziquantel, 10mg/kg in single dose, is effective for treatment of human infections. Eating raw oysters in endemic areas should be avoided.