• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.56-66
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pulsed-ultrasound intervention and continued-ultrasound on the PPT (pressure pain threshold), CK (creatine kinase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) recovery of before EIMD (exercise-induced muscle damage). Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Thirty subjects who are student in their 20s at a university participated in this study, these subjects were assigned into three groups, a control group (n=10), experiment group I (n=10), and experiment group II (n=10). The subjects in experimental group were intervened by pulsed-ultrasound and continued-ultrasound, while ones on control group weren't by any intervention after induced EIMD. Results: First, In the comparison of the PPT, there were significant variations with the lapse the time in three groups (p<.001) and there was a significant interaction of time and group (p<.001). In the among group comparison, the PPT of experimental group II was significantly larger than those of other groups (p<.01). Second, In the comparison of the CK, there were significant variations with the lapse the time in three groups (p<.001) and there was a significant interaction of time and group (p<.001). In the among group comparison, the CK of experimental group II was significantly smaller than those of other groups (p<.001). Third, In the comparison of the LDH, there were significant variations with the lapse the time in three groups (p<.001) and there was a significant interaction of time and group (p<.001). In the among group comparison, the LDH of experimental group II was significantly smaller than those of other groups (p<.001). Conclusion: The above results revealed that the continued-ultrasound intervention before an exercise had a positive effect of muscle function after EIMD. Therefore we can consider the continued ultrasound as a considerable intervention method to prevent or reduce an exercise injury.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1044-1053
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of a maternal education program based on the temperament theory on the temperamental goodness-of-fit between mother and child. Method: The research method was a nonequivalent, control group, non-synchronized design and the experimental period was from May 10, 2004 to July 24, 2004. The subjects were mothers who had children 3-4 years old who registered in eight kindergartens or infant schools in M city. Among the total 94 subjects, 47 were allocated as an experimental group and 47 were a control group. Using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program, the data was analyzed by a Chi-square test, and t-test. Result: 1. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group significantly decreased in scores for perceived children's behavior problems in comparison to the control group(t=-4.01, p<.001). 2. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for parenting stress in comparison to the control group(t=-.85, p=.40). 3. After treatment with a maternal education program based on the temperament theory, the experimental group did not significantly decrease in scores for rejective parenting behaviors in comparison to the control group(t=-1.32, p=.19). Conclusion: A maternal education program based on the temperament theory is a useful intervention to decrease perceived children's behavior problems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is not a fragmentary study on characteristics of respiratory synergist when breathing, however it was intended to determine the effect of currently available respiratory exercise and to provide basic clinical information through investigation of oxygen demand and respiratory synergist that mobilizes for respiration during application of respiratory exercise. Methods: Experimental group I was selected from second grade of severity classification of GOLD, which has the highest percentage among patients with COPD, and experimental group II was selected from third grade of severity classification as a clinical sampling. After respiration pursing up lips and diaphragm respiration exercise were mediated together for six weeks, activity of respiratory muscles and oxygen saturation were measured and analyzed. Results: In comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene muscle showed a meaningful decrease in experimental group I. And, in comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in rectus abdominis muscle showed a meaningful increase in experimental group II. In comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in sternocleidomastoid muscle, scalene muscle, and rectus abdominis muscle showed a meaningful difference between experimental groups. Conclusion: Respiratory synergists work mainly as agonist of chest and upper limbs. Therefore it is very important to lower mobilization of respiratory synergist when breathing. It is considered that a multilateral approach and continued clinical research for improvement of respiratory function for patients with COPD will be needed in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of obstacle walking training according on gait and balance in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-four stroke patients are randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n=8), experimental group 2 (n=8) and control group (n=8). Experimental group 1 performed unexpected obstacle walking training, experimental group 2 performed fixed obstacle walking training and control group performed non obstacle walking training for 12 minutes per session, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The gait analyzer G-walk were evaluated using gait cadence, gait velocity, and stride length, balance was evaluated using FES-K and BBS. Results : In within-group comparison of gait cadence, gait velocity and stride length of change, the experimental 1,2 groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05) but control group showed no significant improvement. In between-groups comparison there was significant difference in the change of gait cadence, gait velocity and stride length pre and post intervention. In within-group comparison of FES-K and BBS scores, the experimental 1,2 groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05) but control group showed no significant improvement. In between-groups comparison there was significant difference in the change of FES-K and BBS scores pre and post intervention (p<.05). Conclusion : Obstacle walking training can improve the gait, function and balance of stroke patients and obstacle walking training is effective for improving gait and balance compared to non-obstacle walking training.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of underwater and ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise on trunk control and lower extremity muscle activity of chronic stroke patients. Design: Pretest-posttest design: single blind. Methods: The subjects were 28 patients (experimental group, n=14 or control group, n=14) diagnosed with chronic stroke. The experimental group performed underwater proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six. Trunk control was measured using the Trunk Impairment Scale. Lower extremity muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for trunk control after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in trunk control than the control group (p<0.05). In comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant difference for lower extremity muscle activity after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, underwater proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise effectively improved the trunk control and lower extremity muscle activity of chronic stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.285-288
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• 2022

Objectives : This study aimed to determine whether Variability of Walking Environment Training can improve gait and balance in stroke patients. Methods : Twenty-four stroke patients are randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n=8), experimental group 2 (n=8) and control group (n=8). Experimental group 1 performed unexpected obstacle walking training, experimental group 2 performed fixed obstacle walking training and control group performed non obstacle walking training for 12 minutes per session, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The gait analyzer G-walk were evaluated using gait cadence, gait velocity, and stride length, balance was evaluated using FES-K and BBS. Results : In within-group comparison of gait cadence, gait velocity and stride length of change, the experimental 1,2 groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05) but control group showed no significant improvement. In between-groups comparison there was significant difference in the change of gait cadence, gait velocity and stride length pre and post intervention. In within-group comparison of FES-K and BBS scores, the experimental 1,2 groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05) but control group showed no significant improvement. In between-groups comparison there was significant difference in the change of FES-K and BBS scores pre and post intervention (p<.05).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.179-194
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find out how the reconstructed textbook for vocational high school students influences on students' scholastic achievement and affective domain when it is used in the class of vocational high school. To tackle the study problems, the researcher chose two classes of the first grade in G commercial high school and gave lessons to each of the two classes; one class, as an experimental group, was taught with the reconstructed textbook and the other, as a comparative group, was taught with the original textbook. The following results are derived from the study. First, it turned out in the post academic achievement test result, there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the comparison group, by significant level; .05. However, the prior academic achievement test result shows that the average of the comparison group is 0.44 points higher than the average of the experimental group, while the post test result shows that the average of the experimental group is 1.96 points higher than the average of the comparison group. Second, it turned out by the post affective domain test result, there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the comparison group, by significant level; .05, and any significant difference did not occur in all five areas. However, the whole point of the affective domain and the points of each area of experimental group are higher than those of the comparison group, and the degree of improvement in experimental group is also greater than that of the comparison group. In conclusion, the effectiveness of utilizing a reconstructed textbook in vocational high school math class can be expected in the long term.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.110-117
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• 2004

The aim of a benchmark study is carried out nine methods are employed for ULS analysis which implicitly predict the ultimate strength of aluminium stiffened panels under axial compression. For this purpose, DNV PULS, experimental and numerical data on the ultimate strength of panels were collected. Comparison of these experimental / numerical, DNV PULS / numerical, results with theoretical solutions by the candidate methods is performed. Also it's compared that ALPS/ULSAP program is based on closed-form formula for the ULS of plates and grillages under axial compression. It is considered that ALPS/ULSAP methodology provides quite accurate and reasonable ULS calculations by a comparison with more refined FEA. Comparison of these experimental data, numerical, computational software results with the simplified solutions obtained by the candidate methods is then performed. The model uncertainties associated with the candidate methods are studied in terms of mean bias and COV (i.e., coefficient of variation) against experiments and numerical solutions, and the relative performance of the various methods is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.1 s.215
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

The purposes of this research were to evaluate the effects of the sex education program on sexual knowledge and sexual attitude, and to provide fundamental information on sex education for middle school students. The research design was comparison and experimental groups including pre-test and post-test. The study subjects were 160 male middle school students in Pusan: 80 students of the experimental group and 80 students of the comparison group. The experimental group showed the significant differences from the comparison group in terms of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude. Through formative evaluation, students recognized human sexuality, especially in the areas of physical change, psychological change, dating, sexual drives and sexual violence. This sexual education program was designed with literature review and participated students' requests.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

It is improtant that performing prophylaxis procedure on an infected implant surface in order to treat peri-implantitis should not change the surface roughness and composition, so that the surface can be recovered to almost same condition as initial implant surface. This thesis, therefore, studied an effect of various oral hygiene instrument on implant surface. A surface roughness measurement instrument and an infection electron microscope were used to observe a change on surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain a clinical guidelines during implant care and peri-implantitis treatment. The result were as follows 1. Ra values (surface roughness value) at experimental group 1, group 2, and group 5 were increased significantly as compared with comparison group(p<0.05). 2. When compared experimental group 1 with each experimental groups at which prohylaxis procedure was performed, mean values of Ra at experimental group 2, group 3, group 6, and group 7 were decreased significantly(p<0.05). 3. Mean value of Ra was lowest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 5. 4. Analysis of SEM showed that was significant surface change at experimental group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5, and group 6 as compared with comparison group(X1000). 5. Analysis fo EDX showed that a quantity of Ti on surface for experimental group 6 was very similar to that for comparison group. In conclusion, air-powder abrasive and citric acid, plastic instrument are safe methods to use for performing prophylaxis procedure on implant care or for cleaning and sterilization process on treatment of peri-implantitis, based on the result that those method did not affect implant surface roughness and Ti composition.