• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

This study was carriet out to evaluate the acute intravenous toxicity and antigenicity of Guamerin, newly developed by Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute (MBRI). In acute intravenous toxicity test, ICR mice were administered intravenously with single dose of 1,000mg/kg, and body weights and clinical signs were observed for 14 days. No dead animal, clinical signs, body weight change and abnormal autopsy findings were found in control and Gumerin treated group. Therefore, the 50% lethoal dose (LD50) of Guamerin for ICR mice was more than 1,000mg/kg on intravenous route for male and female. And the antigenic potential of Guamerin was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) tests. In the ASA test, low and high doses (10 and 100ug/animal, respectiwely) of Guamerin were administed subcutaneously to guinea pigs for 9 times 3 weeks. All experimental groups showed negative responses whereas the positive control group given ovalbumin plus Freunds complete adjuvant (FCA) showed severe anaphylactic responses. PCA test using rats with mice anti-serum against Guamerin, low and high doses(10 and 100 ug/animal, respectively) of Guamerin were administered to mice for 9 times in 3 weeks. The anti-serum against Guamerin was administed intradermally at the back of rats, however, any positive responses were not detected in the experimental groups. These results strongly indicate that Guamerin does not induce IgE production and is not a PCA reaction inducer under these experimental conditions.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.417-421
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• 1999

To establish the electroacupuncture anesthesia for experimental animal, 5 adult rabbits (Newzealand-white species) and 6 rats (Spraque-dawley) were examined. The acupoints used for electroacupuncture anesthesia were Tian-ping and Bai-hui. After perpendicular insertion of needle to the acupoints, positive electrode was connected at Tian-ping and negative electrode was connected at Bai-hui using veterinary electroacupuncture anesthesia apparatus, respectively. Electric conditions were 2~3 V and 30 Hz in rabbits, and 1.5~2 V and 30 Hz in rats, respectively. To examine the effect of electroacupuncture anesthesia, laparotomy (2 heads), castration (2 heads) and ovariohysterectomy (1 head) were applied in rabbits, and laparotomy (5 heads) and castration (1 head) were peformed in rats, respectively. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid and approximately 1 minute, and pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected in rabbits and rats. As for the reactions with electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was vivid, blepharoreaction was not observed and the tail was up at early stage but was down afterwards in rabbits. The same findings except cotinuous lifting of the tail were observed in rats. The pain was not observed during incision and suture, bleeding was comparatively small volume and the class of anesthesia effect was excellent.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate congenital microphthalmia occurred at a pig farm in Gyeongbug province. These microphthalmic piglets composed of 20 piglets farrowed by three different sows(1, 11 and 8 piglets by No.1, 2 and 3 sow, respectively) that were apparently normal during pregnancy and after parturition. Attempts were made to know epidemiological findings and histopathological changes of these piglets and the results were summarized as follows; 1. One piglet from No. 1 sow exhibited staggering and incoordination and remained alive, but 19 piglets from No. 2 and 3 sow died between 3 and 20 minutes after birth. 2. In histopathological finding, hypoplasia and edema of all organs were observed in all piglets, and significant of lesions related to infection of microrganisms were not observed. 3. The cause of microphthalmia was considered as hypovitaminosis A in the sown intaked only barley barn before and during early pregnancy.

• 한국임상수의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국임상수의학회 2007년도 추계국제학술대회 및 컨퍼런스
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• pp.639-639
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• 2007

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2012

Current influenza vaccines elicit antibodies effective against homologous strains, but new strategies are urgently needed for protection against emerging epidemic or pandemic strains. Although influenza vaccine candidates based on the viral nucleoprotein (NP) or matrix protein do not elicit sterilizing immunity, they have the advantage of inducing immunity that may cover a larger number of viral strains. In this study, recombinant NP produced in Escherichia coli was purified and formulated in combination with the adjuvant ISCOMATRIX. This formulation increased a NP-specific immunity in mice, with a Th1 profile, and may constitute a promising low-cost influenza vaccine candidate, with ability to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.205-215
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• 1997

In this study, homogenized mixture of tubercle and pulmonary lymph node showed up tuberculin(PPD) positive dairy cattle was inoculated in experimental animal, and was cultured on medium(Lowenstein Jensen medium, 3% Ogawa). The results obtained through the survey were sumerized as follows ; 1. In experimental animal, goat and rabbits were decreased body weight(25∼28%) and died in 90 days with severe pathogenicity. Rats are slight pathogenicity. 2. Goat, rabbits and rats showed up severe lesions In lung, rabbits was also lesions other organs (kidney, appendix, ileocecum, and I lymph node). 3. Mycobacterium was grown between 5 weeks and 8 weeks on Lowenstein Jensen medium and 3% Ogawa medium. 4. Biochemical test of Mycobacterium cultured on medium was that niacin, nitrate reduction, tween 80 hydrolysis and catalase test were negative, but that urease test was positive. Therefore it was Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis).

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2023

Enterovirus infections induce infectious diseases in young children, such as hand, foot, and mouth disease which is characterized by highly contagious rashes or blisters around the hands, feet, buttocks, and mouth. This predominantly arises from enterovirus A71 or coxsackievirus A16 infections and in severe cases, they can lead to encephalitis, paralysis, pulmonary edema, or even fatality, representing a global health threat. Due to the absence of effective therapeutic strategies for these infections, various experimental animal models are being investigated for the development of vaccines. During the early stages of research on enterovirus infections, non-human primate infections exhibited symptoms like those in humans, leading to their utilization as model animals. However, due to economic and ethical considerations, their current usage is limited. While enterovirus infections do not readily occur in mice, an infection model with mouse-adapted strain in neonatal mice has been employed. Cellular receptors have been identified in human cells, and genetically modified mice expressing these receptors have been used. Most recently, the utilization of Mongolian gerbil model is actively being considered and should be pursued for further animal model development. So, herein, we provide a summarized overview of the current portfolio of available enterovirus infection models, emphasizing their respective advantages and limitations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2009

Two metabolism trials were conducted with 24 wether lambs to investigate the effects of feeding crab meal and other protein supplements on N utilization, digestibility and Ca and P balance in sheep. The lambs (avg. BW, 25 kg) were randomly allotted to eight diets in each of two trials. The supplements were: i) none, negative control (NC); ii) soybean meal (SBM), control; iii) supplement based on industrial byproducts of both plant and animal origin (IPA); iv) experimental supplement based on byproducts of animal origin (ESA); v) hydrolyzed supplement No 4. (HESA); vi) commercial supplement based on animal protein (CS), $Pro-Lak^{(R)}$ vii) crab meal (CM); and viii) urea (U). The supplements supplied 33% of the total dietary N (CP, 9.8%; DM basis). Lambs fed the NC diet had lower (p<0.05) DM and OM digestibility. Lower (p<0.05) apparent absorption of N was recorded for the lambs fed the HESA and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had lower Ca absorption compared to SBM. Highest (p<0.05) P absorption was observed for lambs fed CS and CM and lowest for U and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had higher (p<0.05) total VFA concentration (65.7 ${\mu}mol/ml$), compared to those fed ESA, CS, and NC diets (47.3, 49.8, and 49.5 ${\mu}mol/ml$, respectively). Highest (p<0.05) ruminal $NH_3$ N (29.6 mg/dl) was observed in lambs fed the U diet, while those fed the NC diet had the lowest (p<0.05) average value (7.66 mg/dl). Lambs fed the U diet had the highest (p<0.05) blood urea N (10.67 mg/dl). The present study showed that N utilization of diets supplemented with experimental supplements based on feather meal and blood meal; commercial supplement based on animal protein, $Prolak^{(R)}$ supplement based on plant protein and blood meal; and crab meal are comparable with that of soybean meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2000

Forty-four Javanese thin-tail ewes were used to study the effect of superovulation prior to mating and of ration quality on lamb birth weight at parturition. Twenty-two ewes weaning at least one lamb were used to measure lamb preweaning growth. Prior to mating, the experimental ewes were injected twice with prostaglandin, with an 11 d interval between injections to synchronize the estrous cycle. At the last prostaglandin injection, 24 ewes were also injected with 700 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to stimulate superovulation and the remainder were injected with saline as control. During pregnancy and lactation, the experimental ewes were fed either on a low (12% CP and 65% TDN) or a high (15% CP and 75% TDN) quality ration. During lactation, the milk was collected twice a day and was refed to the lambs by bottle feeding immediately after collection. Superovulation or ration quality as a main factor did not significantly affect lamb birth weight. Litter size significantly affected lamb birth weight (p<0.05), and there was an interaction of superovulation and litter size. Nonsuperovulated ewes giving birth to multiple lambs had significantly lower average lamb birth weight (1.34 kg) as compared to those giving birth to a single lamb (1.97 kg) (p<0.05). However, superovulated ewes giving birth to multiple lambs had no significant difference in average lamb birth weight (1.68 kg) as compared to those giving birth to a single lamb (1.91 kg) (p>0.05). Superovulation of ewes prior to mating resulted in a significant improvement in lamb birth weight in the multiple litter size, without significant effect on average preweaning daily gain (p=0.07). Superovulation had a promising use in improving animal production through improvement of prenatal growth during pregnancy and milk production during lactation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1726-1731
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• 2013

The effects of different dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, nitrogen (N) metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters were investigated in 2 to 3 months old growing rabbits. A total of 150 growing rabbits of 2 months age were randomly divided into five groups according to average body weight, with 30 rabbits in each group. The DEB levels of the five experimental diets were -154, -3.16, +201, +347, and +500 meq/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. There was a 7-d adaptation period and a 23-d experimental period. The results showed that the DEB levels had a quadratic affect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.001). The greatest ADFI was achieved when the DEB level was +201 meq/kg DM. Fecal N (FN) content linearly decreased (0.047), while digestible N (DN), retained N (RN), efficiency of intake N converted into digestible N (DN/IN) and the efficiency of intake N converted into retained N (RN/IN) linearly increased with the DEB increase (0.020, 0.004, 0.021, and 0.049, respectively). Serum phosphorus (P) ion content linearly increased with the DEB increase (p = 0.036). The DEB had a quadratic relationship with serum anion gap (AG) (p = 0.002) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) content (p = 0.016). The DEB levels quadratically affected base excess (BE) in the plasma (p<0.001). In conclusion, the DEB unaffected growth performance but affected feed intake, N metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters of growing rabbits.