• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

Daoism is a very important subject that consists of oriental medicine(traditional east asia medicine). Among the many scriptures, The Zhouyi cantong qi (周易參同契, Token for Joining the Three in Accordance with the Book of Changes) is the main Chinese alchemical scripture. This book is composed with three kinds of subject, Zhouyi(周易, the Book of Changes), the Huanglao(黃老) Tradition and alchemy(鍊金, 爐火). The author's name is not signed but is concealed in the text. According to the traditional account, the legendary Han immortal from Guiji (會稽, in present-day Zhejiang, 古 浙江), Wei Boyang(魏伯陽), wrote it in the period between Emperor Shun and Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han (126-127 BC), after reading the Longhu jing (龍虎經, Scripture of the Dragon and Tiger). Later he transmitted it to Xu Congshi(徐從事), who appended a commentary, and to Chunyu Shutong(淳于叔通), who first circulated it in the world. While some features of this account provide significant details - especially about the reputed date of the text and about its formation having taken place in stages - the received Cantong qi(參同契) actually is not the product of a single generation of authors, but the result of several centuries of textual accretions as well as theory of three co-authorship by Wei Boyang(魏伯陽), Xu Congshi(徐從事), Chunyu Shutong(淳于叔通). It has over 6000 characters in four-word or five-word verses. Some parts of the book are in styles of prose and poem. Many scholars explain the title "cantongqi(參同契)", saying that "Can(參)" means three, "Tong(同)" means correspondence, and "Qi(契)" means unification. Through images of hexagrams of the Book of Changes, the book illustrates the thought of the Huanglao(黃老) Tradition and alchemy. Wei Boyang(魏伯陽) theorizes his own experience unifying the way of intercourse of Yin and Yang in the Book of Changes, the cultivation of spirit through spontaneity of the Huanglao(黃老) Tradition and the elixir refining of alchemy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the physical therapists' actual experience of workplace violence and examine its relationship with depression, burnout, subjective health status, and job and life satisfaction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The level of workplace violence was assessed using the Korean Workplace Violence Scale composed of 24 questions in the following 4 subscales of workplace violence. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Burnout was assessed using the Korean version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, which is a 5-item scale. Subjective health status was measured on a 5-point scale. Job and life satisfaction was measured based on the assessment tool used in the World Values Survey. Results: There was a significant correlation between the three subscales of workplace violence and health indicators, including depression, subjective health status, job and life satisfaction (p<0.05). The organizational protective system subscale showed a significant negative correlation with depression and a positive correlation with subjective health status as well as job and life satisfaction (p<0.05). The area of 'psychological and sexual violence from customers' showed a significant moderate correlation with depression and job satisfaction (p<0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation that was significant between depression and subjective health status, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that future studies should continue to investigate and reveal the causal relationships between workplace violence and physical therapists' health indicators.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-148
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• 1997

The Japanese fishery management system has been established on the basis of various experience accumulated over many years. The fishery management system in Japan, one of the oldest fishery management systems in the world, is aimed at ensuring comprehensive utilization of the water surface and developing fishery productivity, by giving protection of the breeding environment of aquatic animals and plants, enabling the appropriate use of fishery grounds, preventing and solving disputes over fishery grounds and making other fishery adjustments. Japanese Fishery Law has been changed largely into (1) The Feudal Era(to 1900), (2) The Oldest Fishey Law(1901~48), (3) Current Fishery Law(1949 to present). Japanese fishery legislation is designed as a single package combining coastal, offshore and distant-water fisheries. During the period of the old fishery law, numerous conflicts arose over the joint use of fishing grounds and fish stocks. Such conflicts occurred among users of the same gear as well as between users of different gears or of different sizes of fishing craft. Large scale conflict sometime occurred between neighbouring fishing communities due to a lack of fairness in principle and coordination in practice. Therefore, the new fishery law enacted in 1949. This law was designed primarily to realize the most effective and rational use of fishing grounds and fishery resources, the basic philosophy being that, through democratic organization by fishermen themselves, productivity would be stimulated and incomes and living standards eventually improved. Nowadays, Community Based Fisheries Management through democratic organization by fishermen themselves have to enforce at coastal fisheries. This Community Based Fisheries Management manage to fishery resources by fishermen themselves and harvest in collaboration with that resources. Therefore, this paper is intended to briefly to describe the entire system and the historical development of Japanese fishery legislation in order to assist in reform of our country fisheries management regime.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.52-63
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to make proposals for the execution of KEC2005. Many universities have taken part in the accredited engineering education programs in order to solve points at issue and to provide world-standard engineering education. Accordingly, ABEEK carried out a research on accreditation criteria that suit Korean system and made an announcement of KEC2005 in 2004. Both accredited and planning-to-be-accredited universities experience difficulty in changing KEC2000 into KEC2005. Major proposals of this study are as follows: First, ABEEK should suggest required conditions of accreditation criteria and detailed examples of them. Second, model and methodology for achievement of outcomes should be presented. Third, practical evaluation should be carried out with professors' voluntary participation. fourth, re-education of engineering education programs evaluators should be carried out. Fifth, ABEEK need to provide an aggressive request for advice and accurate information to universities to be accredited engineering education programs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.237-240
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• 2006

The simultaneous correction of the hypertelorism and exophthalmos combined with craniosynostosis is very rarely performed operative procedures in the world. The craniosynostosis is the congenital anomaly that designates premature fusion of one or more sutures in either cranial vault or cranial base. Hypertelorism is not a distinct clinical syndrome in itself, but is a physical finding secondary to facial and cranial maldevelopment and it is defined as a increase in the distance between the medial orbital walls. Exophthalmos can occur following the decrease in the size of the orbit in patients with developmental skeletal disorders such as craniofacial synostosis. The authors experienced 9-year-old male patient, who has complex cranio-facial abnormality. The craniosynostosis was oxycephaly type and primary fronto-orbital advancement surgery had been performed in other hospital. The abnormal cranial vault combined with hypertelorism and exophthalmos due to maldeveloped both orbital walls. Surgical correction was obtained by various cranio-fronto-orbital remodeling technique such as calvarial bone craniotomy, fronto-orbital advancement, paramedian resection, medial canthopexy, Tessier-Wolfe three wall orbital expansions. We achieved a quite satisfactory result both functionally and aesthetically in a complex cranio-facial deformity patient by combination and modification of previously developed various cranio-facial plasty technique and hereby report the case with brief discussion and review of literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.3-10
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• 2003

Soil and groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbon products is only one of many environmental problems in Korea. However, many environmental consulting companies have been targeted their business on this subject because the petroleum-oil-lubricant (POL) products have been widely used product and accidental releases of the products from storages resulted numerous small and large contaminated sites throughout Korea. Therefore, many small and large companies are actively participating in environmental assessment and remediation projects for the POL contaminated sites. Remedial technologies for the POL contaminated sites have been developed for many years by government and private institutions throughout the world. Development of a new decontamination technology for the POL contaminated sites is no longer attractive issue in research community because scientific bases of most cost-effective remedial technologies are well understood and have been used in the field by commercial sector. Numerous sites contaminated by underground tanks at gas stations have been remediated by relatively small companies in this country. We should appreciate their noticeable contributions as a frontier under very difficult market environment in Korea. We heard many successful stories as well as a few failure stories. Soil-groundwater remediation of POL contaminated site is not a simple task as shown in the text books or protocols. Therefore, failure risk is always with us, which requires continuous efforts for improvement of the technologies by the users and developers. In this presentation, author will discuss technical problems encountered and improvement made during implementation of several remedial technologies applied by Samsung Environmental Team. This is not a presentation about research or case study. We want to share our thought and experience with environmental engineers actively engaged in soil and groundwater remediation projects in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2006

Purpose : This study are the secondary data of Global Youth Tobacco Survey(GYTS) developed by the WHO and United State Center for Disease Control(CDC) and Prevention to trace tobacco use among youth in youth in countries across the world. This study was carried out to serve for a basis for antismoking campaigns and to prevent adolescents from smoking by analyzing the smoking by analyzing the smoking realities factors. Methods : This study is a cross-sectional school-based survey, which employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of middle school students aged 13 to 15 years olds. Seventy-five schools were selected. All schools containing grade 1, 2 and 3 that contained 40 or students were included in the sampling frame. Results : The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The proportion of smoking students in middle school was 6.4% and the rate of smoking in male students(7.4%) was higher than it of in female students(5.5%). 2. 26.5% of all respondent had a experience to try smoke and the results showed that the rate of trying smoking in male students was increased by grade more than female students. 3. According to test of significance in regression analysis, the independent variables such as sex, school grade, smoking parents, friends distinction, pocket money and others showed statistical significance. 4. There was a statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers in proportion to the completing the preventive education for nonsmoking(p=0.0023) and the acquirement of knowledge on smoking(p<.0001). 5. Finally there was a statistical significance between the exposure to anti-smoking campaign(p=0.0053) and tobacco advertisement in the mass media and the smoking(p=0.0036). Conclusion : All things considered, the health education for tobacco control in school need to be developed from an elementary school. I suggest that prevent smoking program in school need to be revitalized and be made more accessible for everyone who wish to quit. And the government should develop the regulation on total banning promoting cigarette advertising and smoking scene in the movie for young people.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.64.4-65
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• 2018

We present a study of citizen science performed at Korean Minjok Leadership Academy (KMLA). The importance of citizen involvements in scientific studies has been increasing, with remarkable results and performances. For instance, the discovery of an impact scar near Jupiter's south polar region (A. Wesley, 2009) led to an international campaign of professional observations to understand the asteroidal collision responsible for the scar. Citizen science at KMLA has been and will be mainly conducted by members of the astronomical observation club 'Apple-Pie' through amateur telescopes. Members of 'Apple-Pie' are specialized in various fields related to astronomy, from planetary science to cosmology. The spectrum not only includes fields that are directly related to astronomy but also fields such as computer science and astrophotography. The scheduled construction of a new observatory will further enable students to participate in higher level projects such as planetary monitoring over long timescales and the observation and detection of solar system bodies and exoplanets. In addition, a new supervisor with expertise and research experience in galactic astronomy, planetary science, and meteorology has joined the school faculty. He will supplement students with fundamental theoretical backgrounds and essential research techniques to enhance astronomical research at KMLA. KMLA's ultimate goal is to deploy a remote-controlled observatory available to aspiring scientists around the world to create a network of citizen science system. The prime observational conditions of KMLA and the willingness of the students and faculty members will provide a competitive edge for KMLA over other similar institutes in Korea.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-41
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• 2007

The role of ICC Court of Arbitration in ICC Arbitration is critical in maintaining the good reputation and worldwide recognition. While most arbitration institutions are the products of regional on national private associations, which play a relatively limited role in appointing or confirming the arbitrators, the Court of Arbitration is not only international in the appointment of arbitrators through the each National Committee, but also intervene in the confirmation of the prospective arbitrators proposed by the parties. Thus the ICC Arbitration is undoubtedly the most highly-supervised form of institutional arbitration available. The purpose of this paper is to examine the appointment and confirmation system of ICC Arbitration, to find the distinctive features of the ICC Rules of Arbitration and to check how to apply the features in the Rules of International Arbitration for the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB Rules). Although the KCAB Rules have inherent limitations in the appointment of the arbitrators comparing with the ICC Court. They do not have any confirmation system of the arbitrator proposed by the parties. Although no arbitral institutions is in a position to guarantee completely the ultimate quality and efficacy of the process, the ICC, more than any other institution has historically endeavored to do so through a combination of the efforts of its International Court of Arbitration and National Committees. Composed of legal professionals of more than 75 nationalities, the Court, with the support of its permanent Secretariat in Paris, brings to bear on the decisions that it is responsibility to make the collective and disparate knowledge and experience of a multinational body. Therefore, if the KCAB wants to attract many international disputes, it should try to benchmark the ICC Rules of Arbitration, expecially the Article 9, to secure the prominent arbitrators throughout the world, even though a lot of limitations are exist. The positive role of the ICC Court of Arbitration gives us very important signal.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.23
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• pp.79-112
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to explore the way that power in cyberspace is constructed and work and the factors that contribute to forming the power by analyzing a bulletin board system(BBS) on an everyday drama, "Can't Take My Eye Off You"(MBC). Research findings are as follows. The participants in the BBS produce various discourses and constantly compete with each other. In the process, the participants who produce a dominant discourse in quantity tend to exclude other discourses from the BBS and the participants who produce the minority discourses sometimes resist the dominant discourse but tend to refrain from expressing the minority discourses. These tendencies have intensified, and eventually the dominant discourse overwhelmingly powers over the BBS at the end of it. The dominant discourse in the BBS is confucian patriarchal one and this is primarily due to the characteristic of the BBS as the fandom of the drama, the participants' experience and dominant culture in their embodied social world, and the authorship of the drama.