• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2018

본 연구는 자녀가치의 매개효과를 중심으로 어머니의 원가족 경험이 양육태도에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 만3세-5세 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니 247명을 대상으로 원가족 경험, 양육태도, 자녀가치 척도로 구성된 질문지를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 원가족 경험은 자녀가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 둘째, 어머니의 자녀가치 역시 양육행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 원가족 경험은 양육태도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자녀가치는 원가족 경험과 양육태도 간 매개효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 원가족 경험에 대한 긍정적 인식이 높을수록 긍정적 자녀가치를 갖게되고, 자녀가치는 곧 양육태도에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 긍정적 자녀가치를 형성할 수 있는 다각적 방안과 체계적인 지원이 필요하며 공동양육자인 아버지에 대한 고찰이 필요하다.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and posttransplant courses of seven LT recipients with PFIC. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of patients with PFIC who underwent LT from January 2013 to June 2020. Results: Two and five patients were diagnosed with PFIC type 1 and type 2, respectively. For all seven patients, age of PFIC onset was at birth. Jaundice was present in all cases. Mean pretransplant total and direct bilirubin levels were 16.1 ± 8.1 mg/dL and 12.4 ± 6.2 mg/dL, respectively. Median patient age and body weight at LT were 10 months and 7 kg, respectively. Types of donors were mothers of patients in four and deceased donors in three. All five patients with PFIC type 2 recovered uneventfully. One patient each with PFIC type 1 underwent retransplantation due to graft failure or died due to multi-organ failure. Overall graft and patient survival rates at five years were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Bile salt export pump immunohistochemical staining showed normal canalicular expression in two patients with PFIC type 1, focal loss in two patients with PFIC type 2, and total loss in three patients with PFIC type 2. Conclusions: LT is currently the only effective treatment for PFIC-associated end-stage liver diseases. It is mandatory to perform regular follow-up due to the risk of complications including steatohepatitis, especially for patients with PFIC type 1.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

Background: The consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 on mother and fetus remain unknown due to a lack of robust evidence from prospective studies. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on neonatal outcomes and the scope of vertical transmission. Methods: This ambispective observational study enrolled pregnant women with COVID-19 in North India from April 1 to August 31, 2020 to evaluate neonatal outcomes and the risk of vertical transmission. Results: A total of 44 neonates born to 41 COVID-19-positive mothers were evaluated. Among them, 28 patients (68.3%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered within 7 days of testing positive for COVID-19, 23 patients (56%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered by cesarean section; 13 newborns (29.5%) had low birth weight; 7 (15.9%) were preterm; and 6 (13.6%) required neonatal intensive care unit admission, reflecting an increased incidence of cesarean delivery and low birth weight but zero neonatal mortality. Samples of cord blood, placental membrane, vaginal fluid, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid (in case of cesarean section), and breast milk for COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tested negative in 22 prospective delivery cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs of 2 newborns tested positive for COVID-19: one at 24 hours and the other on day 4 of life. In the former case, biological samples were not collected as the mother was asymptomatic and her COVID-19 report was available postdelivery; hence, the source of infection remained inconclusive. In the latter case, all samples tested negative, ruling out the possibility of vertical transmission. All neonates remained asymptomatic on follow-up. Conclusion: COVID-19 does not have direct adverse effects on the fetus per se. The possibility of vertical transmission is almost negligible, although results from larger trials are required to confirm our findings.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-112
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• 1987

This study examined the characteristics of the relationship of home environment variables and children's intellectual ability. Two studies were conducted: Study I examined the predictability of home environment variables for children's intellectual ability by children's age and the correlations between environment variables and children's intellectual ability. Study II investigated causal relationships among the variables which are supposed to affect children's intellectual ability. The subjects of this study were 240 children at age four, six and eight attending nursery schools, kindergartens and elementary schools and their mothers. Instruments included the Inventory of Home Stimulation (HOME), inventory of sociodemographic variables, and the K-Binet scale. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1) Home environment variables had a significant positive correlation (.36 ~ .78) with children's intellectual ability. 2) The home environmental variables that significantly predicted children's intellectual ability differed according to children's age. That is, play materials, breadth of experience, and quality of language environment were predictive of children's intellectual ability at age four, while parent's education, developmental stimulation, and play materials were predictive at age six. Economic status of the home, need gratification, avoidance of restriction, and emotional climate were predictive at age eight. 3) The causal model of home environment affecting children's intellectual ability was formulated by exogenous variables (parent education and economic status of the home) and by endogenous variables (direct stimulation, indirect stimulation and the emotional climate of the home). 4) The results of the analysis of the causal model showed that the kind of variables that affected children's intellectual ability directly differed according to children's age. That is, direct stimulation and parent's education affected children's intellectual ability directly at age four and six, while the economic status of the home and indirect stimulation affected intellectual ability directly at age eight. The amount of variance that explained children's intellectual ability increased with increase in children's age.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.207-220
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 12 mothers who have cared for a child who had chronic illness. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simutaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 34 concepts were identified as a result of analyzing the grounded data. Ten categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity, negative change, anxiety, devotion normalization and burn-out. Causal conditions included : lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity and change ; central phenomena : anxiety, being perplexed ; context. seriousness of illness, support ; intervening condition : belief action/interaction strategies devotion, overprotection ; consequences : normalization, burn-out. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-anxiety. The process of experiencing uncertainty was 1) Entering the world of uncertainty, 2) Struggling in the tunnel of uncertainty, 3) Reconstruction of the situation of uncertainty. Four hypotheses were derived from the analysis : (1) The higher the lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliaity, change, the higher the level of uncertainty (2) The more serious the illness and the less the support, the higher the level of uncertainty. (3) The positive believes will influence the devoted care and normalization of the family life. Through this substantive theory, pediatric nurses can understand the process of experiencing maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other uncertainties may contribute to a formal theory of how normalization is achieved in the family with chronically ill child.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.291-304
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• 2000

Being a mother is motherhood which means maternal role attainment and has to meet maternal identity and role confidence of caring infant. This study was designed to examine maternal identity as a motherhood and role confidence in the immediate postpartum period, and then explain the correlations of them. Data were collected for 2 months by questionnaires from 64 mothers in the hospital. The scales were to measure motherhood questionnaire which consisted of 11 items and role confidence questionnaire which consisted of 13 items. The analysis of data was done with SPSSWIN program for descriptive statistics and t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Mean score of maternal identity of primipara was 55.41 and multipara was 53.81. In this outcome primipara's score was higher than multipara's. 2. Mean score of role confidence of primipara was 44.0 and multipara was 46.81. Multipara's score was higher than primipara's. 3. Correlation between maternal identity and role confidence was r=0.29(P=0.03). This was a interesting result. Because many studies reported that primipara had a lower score of maternal identity and role confidence than multipara's. But this study showed that primipara's score of maternal identity was higher than multipara's. So nurse has to support primipara's identity as a mother, taking advantage of nursing intervention from prenatal to postnatal periods. Also nurse has to offer many opportunities to experience premiparas and multiparas how to care their infants.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was examine levels of breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and number of breastfeeding problems in early postpartum period and rate of breastfeeding practice at 3 months. Method: The total numbers of the study subjects were 139 mothers at postpartum unit and followed by postpartum 1 week and 3 months. Result: 1. The mean score of knowledge and attitude and problems toward breast feeding scale were 22.83(SD=5.19), 20.99(SD=3.40), and 9.04(SD=3.59) respectively, indicating low to moderate level according to subjects characteristics, breastfeeding knowledge scores were significantly different by age (F=8.00, p<.001), breastfeeding experience (t=3.26, p<.001) and parity(t=2.39, p<.05), but no difference were found in rate of breastfeeding attitude and number of problems. 2. Rate of breastfeeding practice was 46.5% at three months of postpartum and the breastfeeding practice was significantly different by breastfeeding plan period($x^2$=13.33, p<.001) and monthly income ($x^2$= 3.80, p<.05). 3. Further, breastfeeding practice at 3 months was continuously influenced by number of problems of the breast-feeding(OR=.85) and breastfeeding plan period(OR=2.11) at early postpartum period. Conclusion: The findings suggest the necessity of maternal support during postpartum period to provide correct information about rate of breastfeeding knowledge and attitude to teach problem solving skills for any breastfeeding problems in order to increase rate of breastfeeding practice.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1999

Kimchi is a traditional food in Korea. It is a fermented food made by several vegetables. Kimchies have traditionally made at home, but the use of commercial Kimchies is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intake and evaluation of commercial Kimchies and the perception of desirable learning methods making Kimchies among female high-school students. Three hundred and seventy one female high-school students living in Chonbuk province were participated in the survey. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The percentage of subjects who had consumed commercial Kimchies at least once was 49.7%. It was higher in the subjects living in the rural area(65.6%) than in the urban area(37.9%) at p${\le}$0.001. 2. Positive reasons for the consume of commercial Kimchies was: ‘saving time($4.11{\pm}0.74$)’, ‘convenience to buy when it is needed($4.03{\pm}0.78$)’, ‘variety($3.59{\pm}0.86$)’ and ‘looking good($3.21{\pm}0.98$)’. However, commercial Kimchi received low scores for: ‘sanitation($2.24{\pm}0.96$)’, ‘taste($2.84{\pm}0.96$)’, and ‘economy($2.89{\pm}1.02$)’. 90.5% of the subjects believed that the use of commercial Kimchi will be increased. 3. 24.3% of the subjects had an experience of making Kimchi alone, and 88.7% of the subjects had assisted their mother making Kimchi. 88.9% of the subjects reported that they would like to learn how to make Kimchi from their mothers. 84.0% of the subjects want to make Kimchi by themselves at home when they will be housewives. In conclusion, this report suggests that commercial Kimchi should be produced under more sanitary conditions and Kimchi producers should also develop a variety of tastes to match consumer＇s preferences. There is also a need for education for making high quality Kimchies in school programs of Home Economics. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 89-98, 1999)

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2024

Purpose: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents experience various problems that can affect their quality of life. This study examined factors affecting the quality of life of children with CP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from January to August 2019. The participants were consecutively recruited children with CP aged 2 to 18 years and their parents. Ninety-eight children with CP and their parents, specifically their mothers, were recruited. Children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured using the Pediatrics Quality of Life Cerebral Palsy. Parental HRQoL and stress were measured using the WHOQOL-BREF and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results: Functional level V was the most common category for both Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF) (35% and 28%, respectively). Children's mean HRQoL was medium (49.81±20.35). The mean total PSI score was high (94.93±17.02), and 64% of parents experienced severe stress. Bivariate analysis showed that GMFCS, BFMF, number of comorbidities, presence of pain, and parental stress were significantly correlated with the total score for children's HRQoL (p<.05). Multiple linear regression analysis (p<.05) demonstrated that more severe GMFCS and parental stress were associated with lower mean HRQoL scores in children. Conclusion: Factors including the level of GMFCS and parental stress affected the HRQoL of children with CP. Parental stress management should be included in the comprehensive management of these children.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the utilization of Korean medicine (KM) among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and explore a processing model of decision-making by their parents. Methods : We conducted an individual in-depth interview with 21 mothers of children with CP who were recruited during the observational study. A grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin was used for qualitative analysis. Thus, collected data were classified into open coding including 121 concepts, 27 sub-categories and 7 categories. Results : The central phenomenon of the process of using KM for children with CP is 'KM as an optional treatment not essential'. Therefore there are many obstacles to starting KM treatment and it is easily interrupted for various reasons, unlike general rehabilitation treatment. However, if the patient experiences the therapeutic effect, the parents want to continue KM treatment. They try to provide treatment as much as possible if they can afford it. The parents give priority to general rehabilitation treatment and value the information and experience provided by the caregivers in similar situation as well as expert opinions. Conclusions : To expand and generalize KM treatment for children with CP, efforts to change interventional conditions such as treatment effect, treatment cost, treatment compliance, and convenience of treatment based on the understanding of the strategy used by the parents in KM utilization.