• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2022

Global climate change caused by greenhouse gases(GHG) is getting serious. To prevent this, countries around the world are regulating GHG emissions. Korea has decided to reduce GHG emissions by 37% compared to BAU (Business As Usual) by 2030. The transportation sector accounted for 18.58% of the domestic GHG emission, and roads accounted for 93.75% of the total. Public transportation is also included in the target of GHG reduction, and this study was conducted to reduce GHG emissions of bus public transportation, which can reduce GHG emissions while reducing the cost of road transportation. In this study, a simulation was conducted to predict the optimal GHG emission compared to the waiting time of passengers by adjusting the bus dispatch interval by implementing a greenhouse gas simulation model using Any Logic. If a more precise model is implemented in the future, it is expected that it will be used to reduce bus GHG emissions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.559-569
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• 2022

Infrastructure engineering is a field that supports construction (assembly) as a representative industry that creates high added value and jobs by combining science and technology with knowledge, though its importance is underestimated. According to a report from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Korea), the value-added rate (65.3%) of the engineering industry and the employment inducement coefficient (14 employees per billion won) are three times higher than in manufacturing. In particular,the forward value chain (such as project management and basic design) accounts for less than 10~15% of the total project cost but determines the overall price and quality of the infrastructure facilities. In this study, a work break-down system, design support module and database development method for road design projects for design platform development is presented. Based on the presented development method, a cloud-based infrastructure design platform's prototype is developed. The developed infrastructure engineering platform is expected to provide a web-based design work environment without time/space restrictions and greatly contribute to winning overseas business orders and securing competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.555-563
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the quality characteristics of distilled soju with different rice pretreatment processes. The non-steamed fermentation method is a technology that uses starch to produce saccharification and alcohol without going through the steaming of raw materials. It has advantages such as reduction of manpower and cost, prevention of nutrient loss, and minimization of waste water. In this study, rice used were non-steamed and pulverized 'Baromi2', nonsteamed and steamed 'Samgwang', and puffed rice. As the fermenting agent, koji, modified nuruk, N9 yeast, and purified enzyme were used, and lactic acid was added to prevent contamination during fermentation. The amount of water was 300% in total, and after the first watering, 5 days after fermentation, the second watering was carried out. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the non-steamed fermentation method using 'Baromi' was superior to the existing fermentation method in terms of temperature during fermentation, final alcohol content, soluble solids, and pH. By expanding the stability of the production technology of non-steamed fermentation technology, product quality improvement can be expected.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.397-405
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• 2022

Castor oil cake is widely used as a raw material for organic fertilizers (OF) in Korea. Compared to other fertilizer raw materials, it is highly dependent on imports. In terms of replacing raw materials, dehydrated food waste powder (FDP) and castor oil cake have similar nutritional content, and if 30% is replaced, about 20% of the raw material cost can be saved. However, few studies on the effects on crop growth and soil properties when organic fertilizer and dry food waste powder are mixed and applied to the soil have been reported. The effects of an organic fertilizer made by mixing the commercial available organic fertilizer with dehydrated food waste (OF + FDP) on soil properties and the growth of two types of leafy vegetables (lettuce and young radish) were evaluated and compared with the performance of OF. The fresh weights of lettuce and young radish were the highest with OF amendment and stood at 114.3 and 119.0 g·plant^-1, respectively. These were followed by OF + FDP amendment, which produced 103.1 and 109.6 g·plant^-1, respectively. Compared to the control, OF and OF + FDP increased the lettuce fresh weights by about 69% and 52%, respectively, while the fresh weights of the radish were increased by about 223% and 207%, respectively. The soil pH, EC, total carbon content, and organic matter content in OF and OF + FDP increased. The mixture of dehydrated food waste powder and organic fertilizers is expected to improve soil quality and facilitate stable production of crops and contribute to the substitution of imported organic fertilizer raw materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.286-286
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• 2022

홍수피해를 최소화하기 위한 수공구조물의 적정 규모 결정을 위해 사용되는 홍수빈도분석에는 통계적 분석절차에 따른 불확실성이 포함된다. 따라서 불확실성이 포함된 범주 내에서 가장 적절한 설계홍수량(design flood)를 결정하는 과정은 수공구조물의 최종단계에서 중요하게 다루어져야 하는 부분이나 이를 제시한 연구는 많지 않다. 비용-편익 분석기법을 홍수빈도분석 절차에 도입하여 구성되는 총 기대비용함수(total expected cost function)는 설계홍수량 중 최적 설계홍수량(optimal design flood)를 결정하기 위한 새로운 접근방식이다. 이 절차는 UNCODE(UNcertainty COmpliant DEsign)로 명명되어 사용된 바 있으나, 국내에서는 아직 적용 결과가 소개되지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 UNCODE의 수학적 구성 절차를 소개함과 함께 북한강수계에 위치한 수력발전댐(화천댐, 춘천댐, 의암댐, 청평댐)의 년최대유입량을 사용하여 최적 설계홍수량을 산정하고 이 결과를 기존 홍수빈도분석 결과와 비교하였다. 불확실성이 고려된 총 기대비용함수로부터 확률분포함수들(Gumbel 및 GEV)의 모수를 추출하는 과정에서 Metropolis-Hastings 알고리즘을 사용하여 불확실성의 범위를 추정하였으며, 비용-편익 분석기법에 사용되는 비용 및 피해함수는 수학적 구성의 편의성을 위하여 1차 선형함수로 가정되었다. 4개의 발전용댐, 2개의 확률분포 및 2개의 재현기간에 대하여 최적 설계홍수량의 중앙값이 기존 홍수빈도분석 절차에 의해 산정된 설계홍수량보다 일정 정도 큰 값으로 산정됨을 알 수 있었다. 향후에는 본 연구에서 적용된 절차를 간단한 수식형태로 함수화하여 발전용댐 운영의 실무업무나 하천기본계획의 수립 등에 있어 비용-편익분석 기법의 적용성을 높이기 위한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2020

Bakanae disease, caused by several Fusarium species, imposes serious limitations to the productivity of rice across the globe. The incidence of this disease has been shown to increase, particularly in major rice-growing countries. Thus, the use of high resistant rice cultivars offers a comparative advantage, such as being cost effective, and could be preferred to the use of fungicides. In this research, we used a tropical japonica rice variety, Zenith, a bakanae disease resistant line selected as donor parent. A RIL population (F_8:9) composed of 180 lines generated from a cross between Ilpum and Zenith was used. In primary mapping, a QTL was detected on the short arm of chromosome 1, covering about 3.5 Mb region flanked by RM1331 and RM3530 markers. The resistance QTL, qBK1^Z, explained about 30.93% of the total phenotype variation (PVE, logarith of the odds (LOD) of 13.43). Location of qBK1^Z was further narrowed down to 730 kb through fine mapping using additional RM markers, including those previously reported and developed by Sid markers. Furthermore, there is a growing need to improving resistance to bakanae disease and promoting breeding efficiency using MAS from qBK1^Z region. The new QTL, qBK1^Z, developed by the current study is expected to be used as foundation to promoting breeding efficiency with an enhanced resistance against bakanae disease. Moreover, this study provides useful information for developing resistant rice lines carrying single or multiple major QTLs using gene pyramiding approach and marker-assisted breeding.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.178-188
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• 2024

In the near future, it is expected that there will be billions of connected devices using fifth generation (5G) network services. The recently available base stations (BSs) need to mitigate their loads without changing and at the least monetary cost. The available spectrum resources are limited and need to be exploited in an efficient way to meet the ever-increasing demand for services. Device to Device communication (D2D) technology will likely help satisfy the rapidly increasing capacity and also effectively offload traffic from the BS by distributing the transmission between D2D users from one side and the cellular users and the BS from the other side. In this paper, we propose to apply D2D overlay communication with cognitive radio capability in 5G networks to exploit unused spectrum resources taking into account the dynamic spectrum access. The performance metrics; throughput and delay are formulated and analyzed for CSMA-based medium access control (MAC) protocol that utilizes a common control channel for device users to negotiate the data channel and address the contention between those users. Device users can exploit the cognitive radio to access the data channels concurrently in the common interference area. Estimating the achievable throughput and delay in D2D communication in 5G networks is not exploited in previous studies using cognitive radio with CSMA-based MAC protocol to address the contention. From performance analysis, applying cognitive radio capability in D2D communication and allocating a common control channel for device users effectively improve the total aggregated network throughput by more than 60% compared to the individual D2D throughput without adding harmful interference to cellular network users. This approach can also reduce the delay.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2020

In the operation of farms, it is very important to evaluate the quality of harvested crops and to classify defective products. However, farmers have difficulty coping with the cost and time required for quality assessment due to insufficient capital and manpower. This study thus aims to detect defects by analyzing the epidermis of fruit using deep learning algorithm. We developed a model that can analyze the epidermis by applying YOLOv3 algorithm based on Region Convolutional Neural Network to video images of peach. A total of four classes were selected and trained. Through 97,600 epochs, a high performance detection model was obtained. The crop failure detection model proposed in this study can be used to automate the process of data collection, quality evaluation through analyzed data, and defect detection. In particular, we have developed an analytical model for peach, which is the most vulnerable to external wounds among crops, so it is expected to be applicable to other crops in farming.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1981

Weed is one of the problems in the crop land as well as in uncultivated land, raising the farm management costs. Therefore, the weed control is essential for effective agricultural management. The cost for weed control in Korea occupies on the average 27.6% of the total labor cost required. Agricultural policies since 1960 were transferring from yield increase due to land productivities to increase of income due to labor productivities. Therefore, the weed control by hand is also changed to weed control by chemicals. The weed control by chemicals has also brought about some side-effects and needs better, improved weed control methods. The present weed control situation and related problems were studied to present new approaches for agricultural development in the future. There were 458 species of weeds in 82 families which were growing in the crop land. The weeds to control, however, are 12 in paddy field and 9 in upland. So far weeds in paddy field are well under control, while weeds in upland are poorly controlled due to change in chemical efficiency and chemical damage in the upland. The administration, research and extension work for the efficient use of agricultural chemicals have been done by various institutions, such as Office of Rural Development, Office of Forestry, and chemical companies. The courses for agricultural chemicals were offered in the agricultural colleges. However, the efficiency of chemicals could not be maximized due to the poor relationships among related institutes. The newly established Agricultural Chemical Research Center at the Office of Rural Development and the Korean Weed Science Association are expected to contribute toward improving weed control in Korea. The Korean agriculture in the future will eventually be mechanized and the varieties resistant to high nitrogen application and to high plant density will be required for high yields. The rice will be transplanted earlier and the whole growing period will be extended. The application of organic matter will be increased for increasing soil fertility, and the use of agricultural chemicals will be continued. Under such a condition, the studies on the weed occurrence and its integrated control measures will be needed. Also weed controls in the newly exclaimed land, crop varieties, horticultural varieties, forage crops, and forests are also needed to study. Basic and practical researches for the weed control to improve the labor productivity will be also needed. In order to meet the all requirements for efficient weed control, weed control systems including all the academics, research and extension workers, administratives, farmers and companies should be established. Also securing researchers and education of personnels are pre-required and research funds for the chemical studies should be provided efficiently and timely.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

As GHG target management is introduced in Korea, designated establishment takes responsibilities to reduce more than 30% of expected GHG emission until 2020. Although decreasing GHG has been requested to universities which consume great amount of energy, there are difficulties to apply high cost countermeasures. Therefore, this research suggest a low cost, easily-applicable energy saving method, and derive potential GHG reduction amount in the case of SNU, Kwan-ak campus. First of all, 11 rooms of different use were chosen as the samples, and energy consumption in each room was measured. Standard models for each room were built through researching on the electric devices in each room. Moreover, energy consumption was computed for each devices through analyzing the pattern of electricity consumption. 32 GHG reduction technology and action program were chosen, and they were applied to the standard models for individual rooms. Through multiplying energy reduction rate of each program to energy consumption of each electric device, maximum energy reduction of each electric device is derived. Through that, Maximum GHG reduction for individual rooms and each month and the total GHG reduction capacity of Kwan-ak campus were computed. It was found out that approximately $5,311tCO_2$-eq can be reduced, when reduction technology and action program suggested by this research are applied. It appeared 24.48% of requested reduction amount to SNU can be reduced, till 2016.