• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.251-268
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• 2014

Applying the data from 64 single(26 men and 38 women) and 71 childless married men and women(37 men and 34 women) aged between 30 and 45, this study is to understand their future fertility intention. For this purpose, ideal and real number of children that participants plan to have were compared using paired t-test. Second, demographic variables(sex, age, marital status), child care related variables(thoughts about caring children, child care value), individual characteristics(gender role attitude, relation orientation) and social context variables(perceived economic condition, recognition of low fertility policies) were included in a stepwise regression model to explain expected number of children participants plan to have in the future. Results showed that ideal number of children participants wish to have was significantly higher than real number of children they expect to have in the Korean society. The stepwise regression model explained 35% of the variance of the dependent variable. Among four types of variables, child care related variables most powerfully explained expected number of children study participants plan to have in the future. Finally, age, child care value, gender role attitude, and relation orientation significantly explained expected number of children in the future.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the number of emergency department visits by caregivers of children with fever. Methods: Data were collected from 145 caregivers whose children aged six or less with two or more emergency department visits annually mainly because of fever. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive frequency analysis, independent t-test, Fisher exact, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Dunnett T3, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: Regression analysis results revealed that among factors influencing the number of emergency department visits by caregivers of children with fever were state anxiety (β= .35, p= .009), self-efficacy (β= -.29, p= .029), and gestational age of the children (β= .17, p= .010). These variables had an explanatory power of 42.3% concerning the number of emergency department visits. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that caregivers' level of state anxiety and self-efficacy were major factors influencing the number of emergency department visits. It is expected that providing education concerning fever and emotional support for caregivers of children with fever can relieve their anxiety and enhance their self-efficacy levels, which in turn may reduce the number of unnecessary emergency department visits of children with fever and ultimately address the issue of over-crowding in emergency department.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.143-148
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• 2002

Residential indoor space is a major living setting for young children where multi-dimension at development can be expected through the interaction with items and components of the environment. The physical environment and attributes have been, however, relatively ignored. Especially during last several decades of housing development, residential units have been produced without accurate understanding of residents' material possession. To better design living environments, especially, a life setting for children, this research focused on finding out the characteristics of living items which belong to and are used by children.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1982

During the course of history, more and more reliable birth control methods have become available. Hence, to a certain degree, the possibility of avoiding any or additional children, and of spacing the family building process has arisen. The advancement of six predetermination technology, whereby couples can influence the sex of their children, gives couples, another decision variable. Assuming a rational acting couple, we present a general decision-theoretic model which describes the family building process and its optimization through maximizing the expected utility concerning the spacing, ordering, sex, and number of their children.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.107-135
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• 2007

This paper uses a static Gamma count model, a traditional hurdle model and an endogenous switching Poisson model, respectively for determining married women's completed fertility rates in Korea. This paper analyzes the impact of household income, women's wage and education, and women's job market participation on the number of children of married women above age 40 and on the expected number of children of women aged below 40. The paper shows that a household income significantly increases the number of children for at least women aged above 40, however, this income effect is disappearing for younger generation. The empirical model suggests that women having a job tend to have fewer children for a group 39 years old and below and find that there is an endogeneity problem between child birth and labor force participation, too. The education level of married women gives a positive effect for giving a birth, itself, while it gives a negative impact on the number of children. Based on the empirical results, it concludes that Becker's Quantity-Quality theory works for Korea, too.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.139-158
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• 2017

Following the global trend of the delayed transition to adulthood, the number of unmarried middle aged adult children living with, or economically dependent on their parents has increased in Korea. Middle aged adult children in Korea are traditionally expected to satisfy their duty to support their elderly parents both in economic and emotional needs. This study aims to explore group differences in unmarried adult children in their mid 30s or older and in parents having unmarried middle aged child(ren) depending on co-residency and the children's eonomic dependency in Korea. Using quota sampling in terms of living arrangements (living together vs. living apart), 500 unmarried adult children 35 years of age or older and 500 elderly parents, having at least one unmarried child in the mid of 30s or over, were selected in Seoul, Korea in June 2016. First, the findings show that unmarried adult children living together with their parents and depending on their parents economically were in the lowest level of educational achievement and the lowest level of monthly average income among the respondents. Second, both unmarried adult children and parents from the group of co-residency and economically dependent showed the lowest level of psychological well-being. Third, parents from the group of co-residency and economically independent had mostly positive relationships with children, whereas, parents from the group of living apart and economically dependent reported the most negative relationships. Finally, respondents included in the group of co-residency had positive attitudes toward marriage and the support for their elderly parents regardless of the child's economic dependency. This study has implications for the increasing number of unmarried middle aged adult children and their elderly parents.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.345-359
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to correlation between the index of dental caries in primary teeth and the habits of diet and snack which are expected to influence on the index. The subjects of this study were 165 parents of the children who visited a pediatric dental hospital located in Gyeong-gi do from Jun. 15th to Sep. 26th, 2009, and the self-report questionnaire survey was performed. Methods : A questionnaire used in a previous study was revised and completed for this study and it consisted of 15 items on general characteristic, nine items on dietary habit, and five items on snack intake habit. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS program and findings are as follows Results : 1. The index of dental caries in primary teeth by ages was that children of four years old has 4~5 with 27.5%, children of five years old has 2~3 and 4~5 with 33.3% and children of six years old has 1 and 8~9 with 25.6%, showing a statistically significant(${\chi}^2$=37.72, p<.01). 2. The frequency of brushing teeth was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=61.20, p<.001). 3. The frequency of taking snack was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=51.42, p<.001). 4. The desirability of dietary habit was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=36.51, p<.001). 5. The frequency of taking biscuit was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=67.74, p<.001). 6. The frequency of taking bread was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=29.63, p<.01). 7. The frequency of taking caramel and candy was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=38.85, p<.001). 8. The frequency of taking soft drinks was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=52.92, p<.001). 9. The frequency of taking ice-creams was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=75.07, p<.001). Conclusions : Those findings show that the children with undesirable dietary habit and higher frequency of taking snack have higher index of dental caries in primary teeth, therefore, it is considered that the regular brushing teeth and establishment of desirable dietary habit are very important for keeping health oral cavity. It is recommended that the continuous concern and repeated learning are needed in house and group of rearing infants so that the children take foods of fruits which have function of self-purification than the food of carbohydrates which has high adhesion and level of sweetness.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

This study examined the work - family relationship of married women in the digital age centered on avoidance of childbirth. Married women 's age, education level, family members living together, work - family affects the avoidance of childbirth. Also, it is analyzed that similar childbirth avoidance phenomenon occurs in the result of the number of future children. Based on the results of the research, it can be suggested that the support of the family living together, the stable employment of married women, and the family-friendly incentive system will have a positive effect on childbirth.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to increase the utilization of traditional snacks in the Daejeon, Chungnam and Sejong regions by investigating the awareness of traditional snacks by parents and teachers of Children's foodservice facilities. The survey method was a self-monitored survey, and 576 people (298 parents, 278 teachers) were used for statistical analyses. 66.4% of parents believed that the snacks provided at facilities are nutritious, and that traditional snacks are rich in nutrition but difficult to cook (66.1%). Further, 77% of parents preferred traditional snacks, and 92% thought that traditional snacks should be passed on to future generations and continuously developed. Increasing the number of stores selling traditional snacks (41%) and a generalized awareness of traditional snacks (34%) are needed to expand the use consumption of traditional snacks. For teachers of Children's foodservice facilities, 92.8% said that the number of snacks provided per day was twice, and snacks were made and served more than twice a week (77.7%). The reasons for not making these traditional snacksit more often were the long cooking time (47.1%) and lack of labor (20.5%). There were no differences in the perceptions of traditional snacks among the types of children's foodservice facilities, but the private and public facilities showed a higher usage demand than the family type foodservice facilities for of traditional snack-focused food education programs. In order to increase the utilization of traditional snacks, it is necessary to create programs according to the facility types and to develop traditional snacks to meet the needs of consumers. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of instructions and programs for increasing the consumption of traditional snacks at children's foodservice facilities.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.429-435
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• 2011

Although Korean population has been growing steadily during the past four decades, the nation is rapidly becoming an aging society because of its declining birth rate combined with an increasing life expectancy. In addition, Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world due to fewer married couples, advanced maternal age, and falling birth rate. The prevalence of low birth weight infants and multiple births has been increased compared with the decrease in the birth rate. Moreover, the number of congenital anomalies is expected to increase due to the advanced maternal age. In addition, the number of interracial children is expected to increase due to the rise in the number of international marriages. However, the maternal education level is high, single-mother birth rate is low, and the gender imbalance has lessened. The number of overweight babies has been decreased, as more pregnant women are receiving adequate prenatal care. Compared to the Asian average birth weight, the average birth weight is the highest in Asia. Moreover, the rate of low birth weight infants is low, and infant mortality is similarly low across Asia. Using birth data from Statistics Korea and studies of birth outcomes in Korea and abroad, this study aimed to assess the changes in maternal and infant characteristics associated with birth outcomes during the past four decades and identify necessary information infrastructures to study countermeasures the decrease in birth rate and increase in low birth weight infants in Korea.