• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-114
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• 2002

This study is an ethnographic case study aiming at understanding the environmental education (EE) classes of 'Discretionary Activity' which has recently been introduced into Korean middle school curricula. To show the characteristics of the classes, researcher described the phenomena unique to two schools. Two middle school teachers were included in this study as research participants. Qualitative approaches were used to understand the status quo of school environmental education, teachers's perspectives on EE and their expectations for learners' changes. Data were gathered using the methods of participant observation during two school terms and in-depth interview with two teachers and nine students. Ethnographic analysis/interpretation methods such as domain analysis were used to analyze the data. To verify the research methodology and conclusions, triangulation, members checking and peers debriefing were used. Research questions emerging through the circulative research process include 1) what are the teachers' perspectives on EE and how do the teachers' perspectives affect their EE teaching? 2) what are the teachers' expectations for learners' changes and how are teachers/researcher able to perceive learners' changes? Two research participants have different life experiences and perspectives on environment and EE. The perspectives had influence on the selection of the contents and the styles of their teaching. Teachers' expectations for learners' changes were also different according to the styles of the teaching.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.391-401
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• 2021

Technological developments facilitate payment transactions. In 2020, Bank Indonesia issued a regulation that supports QR payments using the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code (QRIS). PT ABC is one of the banks that launched a QR payment feature on mobile banking with QRIS standards to make it easier for customers to make payment transactions at various merchants. In its implementation, the interest of QR payment users still tends to be small, so an analysis of the interests of QR payment users is carried out. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence user interest by using a modified UTAUT model. The UTAUT model was modified by adding variables to perceived trust, perceived risk, perceived regulatory support, and promotional benefits. The population taken is the company's customers in the DKI Jakarta area and it takes 403 samples for this case study. The results of empirical analysis show that 8 out of 12 hypotheses are considered proven where business expectations, social influence, perceived trust, perceived risk, perceptions of regulatory support, promotion benefits, age-moderated performance expectations, and age-moderate effort expectations have a significant effect on behavioral intentions, while performance expectations, facilitation conditions, business expectations are moderated by experience and social influence.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.55-67
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• 2019

In this study, I researched whether consumers would adopt artificial intelligence speakers. A study was conducted on the motivations that arise when consumers want to use artificial intelligence speakers. Key motivational factors include needs and wants, and emotion is also included in the hypothesis as influencing the intended use. These factors have modeled the motivational process in which consumers want to use artificial intelligence speakers. In the empirical study, the survey was conducted and the survey data was analyzed by applying the method of analysis of the structural equation model. As a result of empirical research, consumers' expectations to meet their general needs for artificial intelligence speakers affected their expectations to meet their wants and their favorable perceptions. And consumers' expectations of meeting their quasi-desire for artificial intelligence speakers have affected their expectations of meeting the wants and affected their perception of favorability. Finally, consumers' expectations for satisfying their wants and their perception of favorability affected their intention to use artificial intelligence speakers. The implications of this study is that it helps to formulate strategies for information technology products with combined functionality. The specific components of motivation can play an important role in increasing consumers' intention to use artificial intelligence speakers.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Purpose: As a major economy attracting foreign investment, China is currently facing significant international economic pressure due to the appreciation of the RMB. Additionally, China is at a critical period of socio-economic development, where foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an indispensable role in stabilizing economic growth, adjusting industrial structure, and promoting economic transformation. Research design, data and methodology: This paper focuses on the relationship between RMB exchange rate expectations and FDI. It examines the magnitude of their relationship through empirical research using cointegration tests, Granger causality tests, and BVAR (Bayesian Vector Autoregression) analysis. Results: The comprehensive study of the empirical results in this paper concludes that there is a long-term cointegrated relationship between China's RMB exchange rate expectations and foreign direct investment, indicating that their relationship is stable in the long run. It is also found that RMB exchange rate expectations have a significantly positive impact in the short term, but this impact is not significant in the long term. Conclusions: The paper also considers the possibility of establishing a China-EU Free Trade Area in the future and offers policy recommendations regarding RMB exchange rate expectations and foreign direct investment.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2024

This study aims to investigate whether information awareness, search purpose, and search expectations influence information avoidance among university students. The data were collected by using a self-completion questionnaire with convenience sampling of students from one university. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using R 4.2.3. The main results are as follows: First, both search purpose and search expectations exhibited a significant inverse correlation with all information avoidance dependent variables. Second, there was a significant difference in the mean of search expectations across majors, such that science majors had higher search expectations than humanities majors. Third, there were significant differences in the means of the information avoidance-system and information avoidance variables by major, such that both variables had lower means for the science than the humanities group. Fourth, among the independent variables, search expectation had a significant effect on information avoidance-personal: the higher the search expectation variable, the lower the information avoidance-personal variable. This study confirmed that information avoidance should not only consider the psychological, emotional, and affective aspects of information seekers, but also that information seekers' information search purpose and search expectations are predictors of information avoidance.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.501-505
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• 2012

In this paper, general classes of continuous distributions are characterized by considering the conditional expectations of functions of upper record statistics. The specific distribution considered as a particular case of the general class of distribution are Exponential, Exponential Power(EP), Inverse Weibull, Beta Gumbel, Modified Weibull(MW), Weibull, Pareto, Power, Singh-Maddala, Gumbel, Rayleigh, Gompertz, Extream value 1, Beta of the first kind, Beta of the second kind and Lomax.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.243-247
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• 2014

Let {$X_n$, $n{\geq}1$} be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with absolutely continuous cumulative distribution function(cdf) F(x) and the corresponding probability density function(pdf) f(x). In this paper, we give characterizations of Pareto and Weibull distribution by considering conditional expectations of record values.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.467-505
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• 2018

We propose a simple identification scheme for the causes of the violations of uncovered interest parity. Our method uses the serial dependence patterns of excess returns as a criterion for judging performance of economic models. We show that a mean reverting component in excess returns, representing a violation of uncovered interest parity, mainly contributes to generating different serial dependence patterns of excess returns: rational expectations risk premium models tend to generate negative serial dependence of excess returns, while expectational errors models tend to generate positive serial dependence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to find out the factors affecting on organizational commitment of hospital nurses. Method: The questionnaire-based research was done with 989 hospital nurses between January and March, 2004. Results: Variables such as job satisfaction, met expectations, compensation and welfare status of hospital, work involvement, positive affectivity had significant positive direct effect on organizational commitment in order of size, however, vertical conflict and job opportunity had negative direct effect in order of size. It was found that the following variables, listed in order of size, had significant total effects on organizational commitment: job satisfaction, met expectations, vertical conflict, compensation and welfare status of hospital, positive affectivity, work involvement, job opportunity, job autonomy, work definiteness, division justice, stability of employment, expectations before entering a hospital. Conclusion: It is recommended that programs for job satisfaction promotion, met expectations promotion, adequate compensation and welfare of hospital, work definiteness and work autonomy, solving conflict, positive affectivity promotion should be implemented to increase organizational commitment of hospital nurses.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 2017

Objective: This study is to examine the associations between fathers' values and future expectations on children and their self-evaluated equivalence to their spouses in child rearing practices. Methods: The data were from 997 fathers with young children who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children (2013). The associations between variables were analyzed with frequency, correlations and hierarchical analysis using SPSS 20 Program. Results: Fathers with emotional values on children or future expectations focused on their children's happiness and altruism are more willing to share child raring practices with their partners. In contrast, fathers with expectation focused on future financial success of their children are less willing to share parenting with their partners. Conclusion/Implications: Fathers' values and future expectations for their children are meaningful predictors of shared parenting in married couples with young children. However, the directions of associations differ based on which types of values and future exportations fathers have regarding their children.