• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Objectives : This study aims to examine the background of how the theory of there being no excess pattern of the Kidney has been carried on by looking at contents on Kidney excess patterns pre-Qianyi and at those negating the possibility of Kidney excess post-Qianyi. The history of the Kidney draining method for Kidney excess patterns was studied as well. Methods : Key words such as 腎實(kidney excess), 腎無實(no excess of the kidney), 瀉腎(draning the kidney) were entered into major database such as the Sikuquanshu to excavate contents on both Kidney excess and non-excess from medical classics. Results & Conclusion :In the Neijing, there are few mentions of symptoms due to Kidney excess. The theory of Kidney non-excess marks its beginning with Qianyi, who argued that Kidney manages deficiency in children only. Afterwards, some doctors expanded this theory beyond children and applied it as a general principle of the body. Based on the theory of there being no excess of the Kidney, it could be thought that while there could be excess symptoms of the Kidney, the root mechanism lies in Kidney deficiency. The importance of the Kidney as the basis of heaven-bestowed life, which is responsible for reproduction, growth and development, is what motivated the theories on the Kidney as what needs to be preserved and never drained. It could also be argued that the symptoms of Kidney excess, which were mentioned post-Neijing, got dealt with within the context of other Zhangfu differentiation patterns and deficiency symptoms, and became increasingly less designated to Kidney excess.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2021

Ready-made products produced in the industrialized consumer society after the 20th century have been adopted by artists as a new material called "Found object," and are reinterpreted in a broad sense in their works. The method of giving new meaning using this creates a new paradigm that is expanded conceptually as well as expression style. After Pablo Picasso's in 1912, when the Found object was used for the first time in contemporary art, we examine the development of objects through Dadaism, Surrealism, and Pop Art, and the expression of Found objects in the late 20th century. In this study, the artists and their work are analyzed by dividing it into three types: 'Unprocessed objects', 'Transformed objects', and 'Tenant objects', depending on how the Found object is mixed in works. Through this study, I pay attention to the fact that a work incorporating a Found object not only develops the object materially, but also allows the practice of free concept art to escape from the traditional norms of art.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.255-269
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper analyzes the market efficiency focusing on the long memory properties of the domestic futures market. By decomposing futures prices into yield and volatility and looking at the long memory properties of the time series, this study aims to understand the futures market pricing and change behavior and risks, specifically and in detail. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzes KOSPI 200 futures, KOSDAQ 150 futures, 3 and 10-year government bond futures, US dollar futures, yen futures, and euro futures, which are among the most actively traded on the Korea Exchange. To analyze the long memory and market efficiency, we used the Variance Ratio, Rescaled-Range(R/S), Geweke and Porter-Hudak(GPH) tests as semi- parametric methods, and ARFIMA-FIGARCH model as the parametric method. Findings - It was found that all seven futures supported the efficiency market hypothesis because the property of long memory turned out not to exist in their yield curves. On the other hand, in futures volatility, all 7 futures showed long memory properties in the analysis, which means that if new information is generated in the domestic futures market and the market volatility once expanded due to the impact, it does not decrease or shrink for a long period of time, but continues to affect the volatility. Research implications or Originality - The results of this paper suggest that it can be useful information for predicting changes and risks of volatility in the domestic futures market. In particular, it was found that the long memory properties would be further strengthened in the currency futures and bond rate futures markets after the global financial crisis if the regime changes of the domestic financial market are taken into account in the analysis.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the spatial characteristics of a group of samurai residences among other traditional Japanese villages and to accumulate the village-level sample data of a residential group, which can serve as the foundation for a wide range of discussions. Using data that had been gathered since 1989, this study draw up a prototype floor plans to analyze the indoor spatial features of the residences in the modern period, and sampled 35 samurai houses. The following are the results of this study. The general characteristics of traditional Japanese houses were found among many Izumi Fumoto samurai residences up until the early Meiji period. However, after gradually the floor plan became more and more simplified; connections between rooms were reduced, decreasing their flexibility; and there was a rise in the number of houses with a larger area devoted to the Nando, a room for women and family members. The access of a visitor involved changes in one's eye-level view and established physical and psychological boundaries, which this study conjectures was used as a method to ensure that the visitor recognized the authority of the patriarch and to raise the family's reputation. As their floor plan was simplified, Izumi Fumoto samurai houses established one's eye view, boundaries, and procedures as a way to enhance the authority of the man of the family and the family's reputation. In addition, while there was an increasing number of residences that expanded the area of the Nando, in which family members slept and used the space in a stable way, they maintained the exclusivity of private space and did not clearly show who would use it.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.85-94
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• 2019

The modular apartment has been completed for the first time in Korea through the national research and development (R&D) project in December 2017, and 30 households moved in. Although conditions such as technicality and constructability have to be satisfied to adopt and spread the modular apartments in the future, economic feasibility is the most important factor among the conditions. The economic feasibility of modular apartments can be compared with that of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structure apartments. It is highly important to reduce the construction cost through standardization above all. The standardization refers to establishment of national design standards and principles, and it is important for manufacturers and building companies to comply with those standards and principles. The modular construction (MC) skill in Korea is at an early adoption stage and the MC market is not widely expanded yet. Thus, the application of the MC design, which is the basis of the standardization, has not been widely accepted. However, related R&D projects are now performing mainly by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport to promote modular apartments in recent years and the design standardization standard (draft) is now prepared to be notified as a result of the steady research. Furthermore, pilot complexes for demonstration purpose are under construction, starting from public rental apartments. Thus, MC method-applied public rental houses will be spread in near future. This study aims to investigate the current design status in the Ga-Yang Housing as a pilot modular complex to produce and supply more economical and efficient modular houses, and analyze the problems by comparing the design standardization standards with pre-notified design standardization standards and summarize the modifications between them thereby presenting foundational data for establishment of the design standardization in the modular business industry.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

This study is designed to find out the role and relation of the Nemok-dori support members in order to clearly specify the structure of the Dapogye architecture which adopts the Nemok-dori. The dori at the eaves in the Dapogye architecture was expanded to include Oemok-dori, Jusim-dori and Nemok-dori in cooperation with the bracket. The Oemok-dori is used to lengthen the eaves and the Jusim-dori makes the reasonable transfer of loads while the Namok-dori contributes to the stability of the building through the balancing of the bracket. Nemok-dori is located higher than Oemok-dori or Jusim-dori, depending on the slope of Jangyeon and the distance of Chulmok. But as it is not directly supported by bracket or beam, it needs an independent support. The vertical support of Nemok-dori is selectively involved with Cheomcha, lower Jangyeo, support Wall and upper Jangyeo. As the time went by, the vertical height increased, thus making the omitted members less. The horizontal support of Nemok-dori is made in various ways. There are also special cases such as the Nemok-dori □ type chain structure for small rectangular buildings, the 'Nemok-dori = Jung-dori' type for the buildings having small sides and the 'Nemok-dori = Meongechangbang' type appearing on the lower part of the Bankanmulrim type middle height buildings. The horizontal support of Nemok-dori usually uses either the support of the Toeryang type member, the support of beam directed Hwaban or the support through overlaying of internal Jegong. As the time went by and the number and distance of Chulmok increased, the multiple support structures acted together rather than as one support structure. Nemok-dori got stabilized as it has both the vertical and horizontal supports and this support structure also has he role of decoration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1030-1036
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• 2020

The DSRC method currently in use has a limitation in providing various ITS services by short-distance wireless communication. Therefore, the WAVE/DSRC hybrid wireless platform, which was developed by applying WAVE technology in-house, improved the data transmission speed and greatly expanded the transmission range. The summary H/W and S/W technologies are summarized in the text. In this paper, various services such as BSM, SPAT, MAP, and road video information related to ITS services have been implemented, and various tests are conducted based on scenarios considering the environment in the actual field by utilizing the previously developed WAVE/DSRC composite wireless platform. Through this emulation process in the real field, we were able to verify the excellence of the WAVE/DSRC composite wireless platform once again and predict the usefulness and potential of development services in real field operations.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.107-134
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to have diachronic understanding of holiday stress that has become the social issues through the analysis on the news articles about holiday stress from 1993 to 2016. Method: For this purpose, 416 articles and 457 cases about holiday stress from 5 daily newspapers such as Chosun Ilbo, Joongang Ilbo, Dong-A, Hankyoreh and Kyunghyang Shinmun etc. have been analyzed, conducting the qualitative and quantitative analysis together. Results: Firstly, the articles on holiday stress have been increased, showing the rapid increase per year for the last 20 years. It is presumed to be closely related to the socio-economic situation. Second, although there have been 'married women' overwhelmingly as the subject of holiday stress, the frequency of the young generation has been increasing recently including the 'married women'. Third, the 96.7% of the contents from psychological appeal appeared in the case of holiday stress is related to family values. Especially, the holiday stress related to 'value of patriarchy' was the biggest stress. However, there has been increasing holiday stress caused by 'value of kinship' and 'value of marriage' recently. Forth, as a countermeasure against the holiday stress, the 'perception on the change of family values' has been quantitatively suggested and it has become actively appeared in terms of contents after mid-2000s. However, it has been appeared low in terms of quantity and content recently. Conclusions: This study has significance since it has been verified that the holiday stress started from 'married women' but it has been expanded to the young generation and it is related to the change and co-existence of family values of our society.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.27-50
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to evaluate the overall process that the caregiving stress of parents of adult children with developmental disabilities affected their life satisfaction through the levels of family resilience, and coping styles on the basis of stress-coping-adaptation model of Lazarus and Folkman(1984). Method: For this purpose, the structured survey was conducted by 394 parents of adult children with developmental disabilities. The data was analysed by AMOS 20.0 version. Results: The findings can be summarized as follows: First, the structural equation model(SEM) analysis was conducted in order to examine the various paths that parents' caregiving stress affected their life satisfaction. The model's goodness-of-fit was fine($x^2=225.20$, df=95, p=000. RMSEA=.06, TLI=.95). There were significant relationships between caregiving stress and family resilience(${\beta}=-.36$, p<.001), emotion-focused coping style(${\beta}=.47$, p<.001), life satisfaction(${\beta}=-.53$, p<.001). Second, family resilience and emotion-focused coping showed mediating effects on the relationship between caregiving stress and life satisfaction. Conclusions: The strategies for enhancing family resilience and social services for applying effective coping methods should be expanded in order to diminish the caregiving stress of parents of adult children with developmental disabilities.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.3-25
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Helicopter Parenting Scale (HPS) using a sample of Korean young adults aged 19-34. This study is to expand the previous validation studies that exclusively focused on college students. Method: The survey data came from 1,140 young adults (398 19-24 year olds, 376 25-29 year olds, and 366 30-34 year olds) who had never been married and had at least one living parent. The young adults' perceived helicopter parenting was assessed by 10 items of the HPS for the mother and the father separately. All of the analyses including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for three age groups (19-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years) and for the mother and the father separately. Results: We found that three items were problematic for all age groups and for both the fathers' and mothers' helicopter parenting. After removing these three items, confirmatory factor analyses showed that the one-factor model fit our data well and the estimated factor loadings were suitable. The results were consistent throughout the age groups and the parent's gender. We also confirmed criterion-related validity using correlations between paternal and maternal helicopter parenting and three dimensions of parental career expectations indicated a reliable. Conclusion: The Korean version of HPS with seven items was found to be a reliable and valid measure for Korean young adults aged 19-34 years old.