• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2011

Muscle misuse dysphonia (MMD) is defined as a behavioral voice disorder resulting from inappropriate contractions of intrinsic and/or extrinsic laryngeal muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motor learning guided laryngeal motor control therapy (MLG-LMCT) which is designed to improve an existing LMT and further the effective voice treatment on people with muscle misuse dysphonia. Forty-six people with MMD (M:F=16:30) participated in this study. The voice samples of the participants were recorded to investigate the effect of MLG-LMCT before and after the voice therapy. Voice samples were analyzed via electro-glotto-graph (EGG). Contact quotient (CQ), speed quotient (SQ), and waveform were reported. In addition, perceptual and acoustical evaluation were conducted to determine the change of voice improvement after treatment. The experimenter massaged the tensioned muscles around the neck. In order to find more proper phonation the experimenter showed the subjects their EGG wave forms as to whether or not they are moving the vocal folds to the appropriate position. Therefore, the EGG wave forms were used as a type of visual feedback. With the wave form, the experimenter helped subjects move the vocal folds and laryngeal muscles to find more proper voice production. The sensory stimuli from the experimenter gradually faded out. A paired dependent t- test revealed that there was significant differences in CQ between pre- and post-therapy. Perceptually, overall, rough, breathy, strain, and transition were significantly reduced. Acoustically, there were significant differences in Fo, jitter, shimmer, and NHR. After using MLG-LMCT, most of the subjects showed improvements in voice quality. The results from this study led us to the following conclusions: Motor learning guided laryngeal motor control therapy (MLG-LMCT) has reduces muscle misuse dysphonia. These results may occur because a visual feedback from EGG wave form can maintain the effect of the muscle tension reduction from laryngeal manual therapy. In case of people with MMD who reduced muscle tension from the therapy (LMT) but, not appropriately manipulating the location of larynx or adducting the vocal folds, MLG-LMCT might be an alternative therapy approach.

• 정보학연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2004

전자상거래와 전자무역은 시간과 공간을 초월하는 사이버세계에서 수행되기 때문에 전통적인 상거래방식에 의하여 적용되는 법률과 제도만으로는 새로운 형태의 e-비즈니스 환경에 적용하기 어렵다. 따라서 전자게약, 운송서류의 전자문서화, 전자결제 등에 이용하기에는 많은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 WTO, OECD, UNCITRAL, APEC, 국제상업회의소(ICC) 등과 같은 국제기구에서 전자상거래 활성화를 위한 방안을 모색하고 있다. 그 중에서 대표적인 것이 전자상거래에 관한 UNCITRAL모델법과 미국의 통일전자거래법(UETA) 및 통일컴퓨터정보거래법(UCITA) 등이 있다. 이와 같은 상황하에서 국제적으로 전자계약 관련 국제규범의 정립, 전자식 운송서류의 활성화 및 글로벌 전자결제시스템 개발 등이 이루어져야 하며, 국내적으로도 전자계약법제의 도입, 디지털재화와 관련된 거래법 제정, 전자유각증권의 발행과 유통과 관련된 법률제정 및 전자자금이체법의 제정 등이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The practical examination portion of the National Dental Licensing Examination (NDLE) is slated to be administered in the latter half of 2021 in the form of a clinical performance examination that comprehensively evaluates the patient-dentist interaction using standardized patients (SPs). The SPs should be equipped with the basic qualities and capacity as evaluators for a fair and reliable administration of the test. Materials and Methods: In this study, we analyzed the existing training materials for SPs who participated in domestic and overseas practical tests for the development of training materials for SPs through seminars and surveys of 11 dentistry schools and colleges. Result: First, SPs should be selected according to the basic quality criteria and capacity, which they must possess, and the preliminary basic training about the details which they must have knowledge of and be provided through videorecorded cases before the implementation of the preliminary field training. Second, the roles of SPs and the calibration process of the evaluation result forms are needed when conducting the preliminary field training for SPs. After watching video-recorded scenario cases, the SPs participate in discussions about the watched videos before proceeding to calibration practices of evaluation result forms. Third, because the Type A questionnaire of the practical examination of the NDLE is dependent on the SPs' capacity and training, the fairness of the practical test is largely dependent on the SPs. Therefore, practicing the roles as evaluators and evaluation training should be provided using practical test items that can improve the reliability of the test and show a high level of reproducibility about the same case. Conclusion: The findings of this study will be utilized for the development of training materials for SPs, so they can participate in the administration of a fair and reliable practical examination of the NDLE.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2022

The article emphasizes the features of the modern education system in Poland, reveals the peculiarities of improving the professional competence of a specialist in Poland through the implementation of multimedia technologies. Various forms of innovations implemented in improving the professional competence of a specialist are listed: improvement (rationalization), modernization, innovation. The forms of professional improvement through the introduction of computer technologies in general and multimedia technologies, in particular, primarily include various professional courses, qualification, preparatory, methodological conferences, seminars, postgraduate studies, foreign and state internships. At the same time, the main direction is self-education. The subject of professional improvement in the application of computer technologies by specialists is the updating of existing knowledge, exchange of professional experience, planning, as well as discussion of innovative works in which specialists participate. Professional growth of specialists can occur both during work and in higher education institutions during their studies. Modernization of computer technologies, especially multimedia ones, is a necessary condition for the functioning of specialists in modern society, since specialists are at the center of the educational process, during the improvement of professional competence. The main functions of the educational process necessary for improving the professional competence of specialists through the implementation of multimedia technologies are revealed. These functions not only contribute to the professional improvement of specialists, but also affect their solutions and optimize the maintenance of contacts between specialists. The importance of creating conditions that are consistent with the modern needs of innovative education is emphasized.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.29-46
• /
• 2020

In this study, changes in the fluvial landforms of the Yeoju section of the Han River, which was made up of the Han River Restoration Project, were examined through existing previous research data, government's environmental impact assessment data, satellite images, and field observations. For example, In the vicinity of Dori Island, the most upstream part of the study section, the location of the confluence of the Han River and Cheongmi Stream was changed, and it was found that a significant portion of the sand sedimentary layer disappeared. In the Bawuinupgubi area, the wetland, which is the first class in the ecological nature, was greatly modified, and the elevation of the ground rose as Gangcheon island and it was completely separated from the river by dredging The confluence of Geumdangcheon and the point bar of Yeonyang-ri in the south were also dredged, turned into an artificial waterfront park, and a chute channel remained in the form of a wetland was also developed as a recreational park. The deposional forms around Baekseok-ri islands also disappeared as dredging was carried out. Among the areas adjacent to the confluence of Bokcheon and Yangchon-ri Island, some sedimentay forms remains, but the abandonned channel between Yangchon-ri and the northern river bank has been changed into a riverside reservoir through dredging and embankment construction, and the waterway of the tributary river(Yazoo) has been greatly changed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 초기재령에서 고강도콘크리트의 압축강도 발현 특성 검토 및 해석 그리고 콘크리트와 거푸집간의 부착강도 특성을 분석하며, P형 슈미트해머를 이용한 반발도와 압축강도간의 상관관계를 검토하므로서 실무의 고강도콘크리트 측면 거푸집 탈형과 연관한 관련규정의 적합성을 재검토하고, 아울러 거푸집제거와 연관한 효율적인 품질관리 방법에 대하여 제안하고자 한다. 연구결과에 따르면, W/B가 증가할수록 응결시간은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 본 연구의 범위에서 로지스틱 모델에 의한 강도증진 해석 결과 압축강도 8MPa를 발휘하는 시간과 적산온도는 17${\~}$20시간, $21{\~}25^{\circ}D{\cdot}D$ 정도로 나타났다. 거푸집과 콘크리트의 부착강도는 종결시점에서 가장 크게 나타났으며 그 이후에는 감소함을 보였고, 거푸집에 부착되어 박리되는 콘크리트의 양은 응결이전에 크게 나타났으며, 그 이후에는 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. P형 슈미트해머에 의한 반발도 실험결과 압축강도 발현시점보다 약 2${\~}$3시간 정도 빠르게 측정할 수 있으며, 반발도가 32 이상이면 측면 거푸집을 탈형 할 수 있는 시기로 품질관리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.127-143
• /
• 1976

The purpose of this thesis is to study the optimal arrangement of aircraft instrument panels through the human factors approach. Human factors engineering is the process of effectively fitting the human component to the machine component in any man-machine system. The human factors. are especially important to an aircraft pilot who must constantly shift his attention between the instrument panel within the cockpit and the surrounding area of the aircraft. The preliminary part of this study is to find the general patterns of the Korean pilot's eye movements during their various flying maneuvers, and which instruments require the most attention while in flight. It is assumed that all pilots have a general pattern of eye movement when observing the aircraft instrument panel and that an optimum arrangement would be to minimize the eye travel distance between instruments. In this thesis the arrangements of instruments is taken to be the independent variable and the eye travel distance between instruments the dependent variable. la order to compile the information necessary for this study, sixty Korean Air Force pilots were interviewed and requested to complete information forms. These information forms listed various flying maneuvers and listed each instrument used on the instrument panel. The compilation of the information on these completed forms listed the instruments most frequently used by the pilots. The second part of this study was to determine the optimum instrument arrangement. It was necessary to study the various number of possible arrangements of instruments depending upon the number of instruments involved. Therefore, these instruments are grouped by two major functions, The flight instruments were subdivided into three groups, and the engineering instruments were subdivided into six groups. With this subdivision we arrive at the possible number of arrangements of 4,320. Through the simulation method, total eye travel distance for each of these 4,320 arrangements is calculated and the arrangement which appears to be of optimum distance between the most frequently used aircraft instruments is determined. The results of this study indicate that the optimum distance between instruments would be 33,028cm and that the corresponding distance of the instrument panel now being used is 34,288cm. Therefore, an increased efficiency of $3.8\%$ would be realized if the existing aircraft instrument panel were re-arranged according to layout proposed in this thesis.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2007

울릉도 성인봉 일대 산림 식생유형과 생장특성을 분석하기 위하여 중요치, 직경급, 연륜을 분석하였다. 식생유형은 1개 그룹으로 구분되었으며 조사지에 대한 $100m^2$당 $17{\sim}21$종이 출현하였으며 목본성과 초본성의 중요치의 경우 솔송나무-섬잣나무와 너도 밤나무-회솔나무의 유형의 목본성이 각각 68%와 54%로 목본성이 초본성보다 높게 나타났으며 나머지 그룹에서는 목본성이 $47{\pm}2%$, 초본성이 $53{\pm}2%$로 나타났다. 대부분의 임분유형에서 경급이 고르게 분포하고 지속적인 생장을 나타내고 있어 시간이 지남에 따라 안정된 임분을 형성할 것으로 판단되었다. 본 조사지에서 가장 넓게 분포하고 있는 너도밤나무의 연생장량은 $0.46{\sim}0.62cm$로 다른 경쟁 교목성 수종과 비교하여 빠른 생장량을 나타내었다. 교목성 활엽수종들은 대체적으로 $0.2{\sim}0.6cm$사이에서 연평균 직경생장을 나타내었으며, 섬잣나무와 솔송나무는 0.38 cm, 회솔나무는 0.1cm이하의 직경생장을 나타내었다.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2002

시각디자인(visual communication design)에서 이미지의 표현은 전통적으로 여러 표현매체(Media)의 매커니컬한 부분과 깊은 관계가 있다. 특히 디지털방식을 이용한 이미지 표현에서는 회화적인 표한 도면작성, 광학적인 표현, 영상이미지 등 다양한 형식의 이미지들이 디지털데이터로 전환됨으로써 이미지의 변환이 쉬워졌다. 한편 디지털형식으로 각종 표현매체가 통합됨으로써 여러 형식의 시각이미지들간의 함성이 활성화됨으로써 이미지표현의 범위가 다양해지고 있으며, 나아가 기존의 평면적인 표현에서 3D, 4D 등 다양한 차원의(dimensional) 표현들이 디지털디자인의 이미지표현에서 종합되고 있는 경향을 보이고 있다. 또한 이렇게 여러 이미지형식들이 종합되는 과정에서 부분적이거나 전체적인 이미지의 변환이 자주 발생하고 있으며, 그 변환은 크게 조형적인 측면과 기술적인 측면의 두 가지 요인으로 요약된다. 본 논문에서는 조형적 측면으로 기존의 회화적 표현과 사진술로 대표되는 광학적 표한 그리고 컴퓨터그래픽에서의 이미지 변환 원리를 유형화하고 기술적인 측면으로 데이터형식에 따른 이미지의 변환과 디멘션에 따른 세부적인 내용을 기술하였다. 이 중 특히 기술적이고 정량적인 측정이 필요한 내용에 대해서는 컴퓨터를 이용한 간단한 시뮬레이션을 통해 객관적이고 실증적인 결과를 요약하였고, 연구내용의 세부적인 결과를 실제 시각디자인 작업에서 활용하는 방안을 사안별로 제시했다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
• /
• 제11D권2호
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2004

인터넷 기술의 급속한 발전과 함께 전자 상거래가 활성화되고 있다. 이러한 전자 상거래 응용의 핵심은 웹 기반 데이터베이스 응용이다. 현재는 데이터베이스 응용에 필요한 모든 폼과 질의 처리코드를 수동 또는 반자동으로 작성하므로 웹 응용 개발에 많은 시간이 소요된다. 따라서 웹 기반 데이터베이스 응용의 생산성 향상이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터베이스부터 새롭게 생성해야 하는 응용과 기존 데이터베이스를 사용하는 응용의 생성을 위한 사용자 인터페이스 폼들과 이 폼들을 통해 이뤄질 질의를 처리하는 EJB 및 JSP 컴포넌트들을 자동으로 생성하는 도구인 WebSiteGen2를 소개한다. WebSiteGen2는 컴포넌트 기술을 기반으로 3-계층(3-tier) 구조를 가지는 응용을 자동 생성함으로써 웹 응용의 생산성을 향상시키고 확장성, 재사용성 및 이식성을 증대시킨다. 또한, WebSiteGen2가 생성하는 사용자 인터페이스 폼들은 질의의 대상인 개체 뿐 아니라 이와 직$.$간접으로 연관된 모든 개체들에 대한 정보를 한 폼에 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 WebSiteGen2의 기능 및 구현원리를 설명하고, 상용화된 타 웹 응용 생성기들과의 기능을 비교하여 WebSiteGen2의 장점을 설명한다.