• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The difficulties in opening and closing a sport utility vehicle (SUV) tailgate is important aspect of JD (James David) power's Initial Quality Survey (IQS) assessment, and affective quality has a big impact on the the success of thesedays products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of customers by the opening and closing of the tailgate and to grasp the relationship between them and the opening and closing reaction force. The mechanical force required to open and close 42 domestic and overseas SUV tailgates was measured with the help of an auto company. In the experiment, 100 male drivers in their 20s to 50s evaluated perceived difficulty and satisfaction with opening and closing the tailgate. The results of the analysis showed that perceived difficulty and satisfaction were statistically different depending on the vehicle, but did not depend on the personal characteristics of the participants. The perceived difficulty and satisfaction regression model of tailgate opening and closing was developed by mechanical force variables and had a relatively high adjusted $R^2$ ranging from 0.62 to 0.73. The models showed that the the initial close and open force, the difference between initial and maximum close force and the difference between initial and auto-fall angle should be small for the low perceived exertion and high satisfaction. In addition, the correlation analysis between IQS score of tailages and perceived difficulty and satisfaction showed that the IQS scores were more related to the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of closing than those of opening. The results of the study will be helpful to design and test mechanical open and close structure of SUV tailgates.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

This study investigated the spinal loads(L5/S1 disc compression and shear forces) predicted from four biomechanical models: one EMG model and three optimization models. Three objective functions used in the optimization models were to miminize 1) the cubed muscle forces : MF3, 2) the cubed muscle stress : MS3, 3) maximum muscle intensity : MI. Twelve healthy male subjects participated in the isometric voluntary exertion tests to six directions : flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, clockwise/ counterclockwise twist. EMG signals were measured from ten trunk muscles and spinal loads were assessed at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90%MVE(maximum voluntary exertion) in each direction. Three optimization models predicted lower L5/S1 disc compression forces than the EMG model, on average, by 31%(MF3), 27%(MS3), 8%(MI). Especially, in twist and extension, the differences were relatively large. Anterior-posterior shear forces predicted from optimization models were lower, on average, by 27%(MF3), 21%(MS3), 9%(MI) than by the EMG model, especially in flexion(MF3 : 45%, MS3 : 40%, MI : 35%). Lateral shear forces were predicted far less than anterior-posterior shear forces(total average = 124 N), and the optimization models predicted larger values than the EMG model on average. These results indicated that the optimization models could underestimate compression forces during twisting and extension, and anterior-posterior shear forces during flexion. Thus, future research should address the antagonistic coactivation, one major reason of the difference between optimization models and the EMG model, in the optimization models.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2005

The study investigated whether the characteristics of human figures in Kinetic Family Drawing showed significant differences according to the drawer's personality (neurosis, intellectual openness, friendliness, extroversion, sincerity). The participants of this study were 340 high-school girls. The Five Factors Personality Test was conducted to assess personality factors and the Kinetic Family Drawing Test was used to obtain data on drawing characteristics. The data were analyzed using Chi-square. The results of this study are as follows: First, there were significant differences in ten subcategories such as face, countenance, eyes, mouth, inclusion of body. hands, posture, erasure, exertion of pressure on the paper, and lines, according to the degree of neurosis. Second, there were significant differences in countenance, eyes, posture, exertion of pressure on the paper, and lines according to the degree of extroversion. Third, there were significant differences in face, countenance, eyes, and posture, according to the degree of openness. Fourth, there were significant differences in erasure and lines according to the degree of friendliness Fifth, there were significant differences in countenance and posture according to the degree of sincerity. This study proved that among the personality factors, neurosis is most highly related with characteristics of persons drawn in the Kinetic Family I)lawing, whereas countenance and posture in the drawing were highly indicative of personality factors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2009

폐동정맥루는 폐동맥과 폐정맥이 모세혈관 없이 바로 연결된 것으로서 우좌 단락을 형성하여 청색증, 호흡곤란과 곤봉지를 일으키는 질환이다. 또한 뇌혈전에 의하여 뇌출혈이나 뇌농양 등의 신경학적인 합병증을 일으킬 수 있다. 대부분의 경우 청소년기 후기까지 증상이 나타나지 않는 경우가 많다. 본 증례는 입주위의 청색증과 곤봉지 및 호흡곤란을 보인 6세된 남아였다. 흉부 엑스레이에서 우측하엽에 국소적인 결절의 음영이 발견되었고 흉부 단층 촬영을 통해 우측 하엽의 큰 폐동정맥루를 확진하였다. 우측 하엽의 폐절제술로 합병증 없이 성공적으로 치료하였다. 영유아시기에 폐동정맥루의 발생 빈도는 드물긴 하지만, 심혈관계 질환 없이 청색증과 호흡곤란을 보이는 드문 원인으로 폐동정맥루의 가능성을 염두에 두고 일찍 진단하고 치료함으로써 신경학적인 합병증의 발생을 예방하여야 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.205-207
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• 2008

Purpose: Although muscle hernia has been well described in the lower-extremity, muscle hernias in the upper extremity are extremely rare. As with lower extremity muscle hernias, the forearm muscle hernia may result from forced exertion of strenuous activity or following blunt trauma. The objective of this paper is to report an extraordinary case of forearm muscle hernia after radial forearm sensory tendocutaneous free flap with references. Methods: A 58-year-old male patient received wide excision and radical neck dissection and lower lip reconstruction with radial forearm sensory tendocutaneous free flap for squamous cell cancer on the lower lip. 16 weeks after the operation, he complained of protruding mass on the forearm and the size was increasing. In postoperative 18 weeks, MRI showed herniation of flexor digitorum superficialis. For unaesthetic cause and preventing progress, the authors performed direct fascial closure and Mesh graft. Results: In 12 months after the surgery there was no recurrence and the patient remained symptom-free. Conclusion: Pain on extremity exertion and unaesthetic buldge of forearm due to forearm muscle hernia were the primary indications for surgery which consist of direct closure, fasciotomy, fascia lata onlay graft, fascia lata inlay graft, etc. The authors experienced uncommon forearm muscle hernia after radial forearm free flap and satisfying result of treatment.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Rhabdomyolysis is a metabolic disorder in which the content of damaged muscle cells is released into plasma. Its manifestations include asymptomatic, myalgia, gross hematuria, and complications of acute kidney injury. Because of limited data on rhabdomyolysis in children, we performed this study to determine clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with rhabdomyolysis who were treated at the Pusan National University Children's hospital from January 2011 to July 2016. The diagnostic criteria were serum myoglobin level of ${\geq}80ng/mL$, exclusive of acute myocardial injury, cardiac arrest, and brain damage. Results: Forty-five patients were enrolled; mean age, $116{\pm}68$ months. Of these, 35 were boys and 10 were girls. Twenty-six patients experienced myalgia and 12 patients showed gross hematuria. Among these, seven patients initially had both myalgia and gross hematuria. The most common causes of rhabdomyolysis were infection, physical exertion, prolonged seizures, metabolic abnormalities, and drug addiction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was the most common complication, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thirty-seven patients improved with sufficient fluid supply but two patients underwent hemodialysis due to deterioration of kidney function. Gross hematuria, positive occult blood test, and positive urine protein were more common in patients with AKI than in those without AKI. Conclusions: In children, infection was the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis. Most patients recovered by sufficient fluid therapy. However, in severe cases, especially in patients with underlying kidney disease, hemodialysis may be necessary in the present study.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different-sized airways of the inspiratory muscle trainer (IMT) on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and the rating of perceived exertion, as measured by the modified Borg scale (m-Borg). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects (10 men, 10 women) volunteered for the study. The spirometry was used to measure MIP. The trial order of the three spirometry conditions was chosen randomly. After measuring the MIP and before taking the final break, each of the conditions were immediately measured using the m-Borg. All subjects used the IMT with an airway diameter of 5-, 6-, and 7-mm. Results: The MIP significantly decreased with the decreasing airway diameter of the IMT (p<0.001), and the differences in all three conditions (7- and 6-mm, 6- and 5-mm, and 7- and 5-mm airways) were significant (p<0.05). The RPE significantly increased with the decreasing airway diameter of the IMT (p<0.001), and the differences in all three conditions (7- and 6-mm, 6- and 5-mm, and 7- and 5-mm airways) were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Decreasing the airway diameter of the IMT decreased the MIP and increased the m-Borg. In regards to physical exercise within the clinical setting, the m-Borg could be a useful as a prior monitoring method to prevent dyspnea for patients with narrowed airways (blocked with secretion or sputum in pulmonary disease) and the different-sized airways of the IMT could be applied as a useful tool to improve MIP for prevention of pulmonary disease.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Whole body fatigue detection is an important phenomenon and the factors contributing to whole body fatigue can be controlled if a mathematical model is available for its assessment. This research study aims at developing a model that categorizes whole body exertion into fatigued and non-fatigued states based on physiological and perceived variables. For this purpose, logistic regression was used to categorize the fatigued and non-fatigued subject as dichotomous variable. Normalized mean power frequency of eight muscles from 25 subjects was taken as physiological variable along with the heart rate while Borg scale ratings were taken as perceived variables. The logit function was used to develop the logistic regression model. The coefficients of all the variables were found and significance level was checked. The detection accuracy of the model for fatigued and non-fatigues subjects was 83% and 95% respectively. It was observed that the mean power frequency of anterior deltoid and the Borg scale ratings of upper and lower extremities were significant in predicting the whole body fatigued when evaluated dichotomously (p < 0.05). The findings can help in better understanding of the importance of combined physiological and perceived exertion in designing the rest breaks for workers involved in squat lifting tasks in industrial as well as health sectors.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

[Purpose] Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by prolonged high-intensity exercise can cause structural and functional damage. Antioxidant polyphenol supplementation, which reduces ROS levels, may improve high-intensity exercise performance. We evaluated the effect of lychee fruit extract, which contains high levels of low-molecular-weight oligomerized polyphenols, on high-intensity exercise performance. [Methods] Ten male athletes were included in an open-label trial that consisted of control and intervention phases, with a 7-day washout period between phases. The participants were administered oligomerized lychee fruit extract for seven days, whereas no intervention was given in the control phase. High-intensity intermittent exercise and the Wingate test were performed. The power output, blood lactate levels, reactive oxygen metabolite levels, biological antioxidant potential, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were measured. [Results] The average power output was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.01), while the change in blood lactate levels was significantly lower in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05). The average heart rate was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05), without changing the rate of perceived exertion. Although there was no difference in reactive oxygen metabolite levels between the phase, the change in biological antioxidant potential was larger in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P = 0.06). The Wingate test showed no significant differences between the phase. [Conclusion] Short-term loading with oligomerized lychee fruit extract may increase performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise by improving metabolism.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1263-1270
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• 2008

본 연구는 심장재활에 참여한 고혈압을 동반한 급성관상동맥질환자중 내과적인 약물로 조절되지 않은 고혈압 환자의 경우와 약물로 조절되는 정상 혈압 환자군에서 트레드밀 운동과 고정식 자전거 운동 수행시 강도별 혈압과 심근산소소비량, 자각지수에 대한 반응을 구명(究明)하고자 목적하였다. 이를 위해 6주간의 심장재활 프로그램에 참여한 심혈관질환 환자를 연구대상으로 약물에 대한 혈압이 조절되는 혈압약물반응군과 약물에 대한 혈압이 조절되지 혈압약물비반응군 환자를 동원하여, 트레드밀 운동부하검사를 실시하여 예비심박수를 구하였으며, 이를 근거로 중강도 운동강도(60%HRR)와 고강도 운동강도(85%HRR)의 심박수에서 트레드밀 운동과 고정식자전거 운동을 실시하였다. 혈압의 조절유무에 따라 강도별 트레드밀과 고정식자전거 운동 시에 나타난 심혈관반응의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중강도(60%HRR)와 고강도(85%HRR)에서 운동형태(exercise mode)에 따른 혈압약물반응군과 혈압약물비반응군과의 심혈관 반응에 대한 결과 모든 운동강도에서 고정식자전거 운동이 트레드밀 운동보다 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압, 평균동맥혈압, 심근산소소비량, 운동자각도 모두 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 고정식 자전거의 60%강도에서 나타난 심혈관계에 미치는 부담이 85%강도의 트레드밀에서 받는 부담과 비슷하였다. 둘째, 혈압약물비반응군은 모든 운동방법(중강도 트레드밀, 고강도 트레드밀, 중강도 고정식자전거, 고강도 고정식자전거)에서 혈압약물반응군보다 유의하게 높은 이완기혈압(DBP)을 나타냈고(p<0.05), 이와 함께 평균동맥혈압(MAP) 역시 모든 운동방법에서 혈압약물비반응군이 혈압약물반응군 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이때, 수축기 혈압에서는 혈압약물비반응군이 중강도자전거 운동방법(60%HRR-cycle exercise)에서만 정상군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 즉, 혈압약물비반응군이 중강도자전거 운동방법에서 수축기혈압과 이완기기혈압, 평균동맥혈압이 혈압약물반응군 보다 유의하게 높았다. 셋째, 심근산소소비량(RPP)에서 혈압약물비반응군과 혈압약물반응군과 중강도자전거 운동에서 유의한 차이는 없었으며 중강도 트레드밀 운동과 중강도자전거 운동 간의 평균 차이에서 중강도자전거 운동이 혈압약물반응군보다 혈압약물비반응군에서 유의하게 높게 증가하였음에도 불구하고 운동자각도(RPE)는 중강도자전거 운동에서 혈압약물반응군과 혈압약물비반응군 간에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과, 심장재활운동전에 내과적으로 혈압 조절과 상관없이 고혈압 심장질환과 정상혈압 심장질환환자 모두 같은 강도에서 트레드밀보다 고정식 자전거 운동 시에는 모두 철저한 혈압감시가 필요하였다. 특히 고혈압심혈관질환환자는 혈압의 상승폭이 보다 큰 결과를 보여 트레드밀에 적용한 운동 강도를 동일하게 고정식자전거에 적용하는 것은 적합하지 못하였다.