• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.157-167
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• 2011

Many problems, such as unexpected delay and collision with pedestrians or vehicles, occur generally at signalized intersections where bicycle users are frequently involved. These problems have hindered bicycle users from riding bicycles on urban highways. The aim of this study is to suggest proper traffic signal operation methods for safe and convenient highway crossing of bicycles. Three types of crossing methods at signalized intersections are proposed and analyzed: (1) indirect left turn, (2) direct left turn on an exclusive bicycle lane, and (3) direct left turn on a bicycle box. The VISSIM simulation tests were conducted based on fifty-four operation scenarios prepared by varying vehicle and bicycle traffic volumes. Both delay and the number of stops are used as the measures of effectiveness in the analysis. The results from the three-legged signalized intersections suggested that (1) the indirect left turn is appropriate when vehicle demand is high while bicycle demand is not, (2) direct left turn on an exclusive bicycle lane is appropriate when both vehicle and bicycle demands are high, and (3) direct left turn on a bicycle box is appropriate when both vehicle and bicycle demands are light.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2009

Finding exclusive closest pairs in road network is very useful to real applications such as, for example, finding a closest pair between a passenger and a nearby taxi in a road network. Few studies, however, have been interested in this problem. To match two close moving objects exclusively, one object must belong to only one result pair. Because moving objects in a road network change their position continuously, it is necessary to monitor closest pair results. In this paper, we propose a methodology to monitor k exclusive closest pairs via a road network. Proposed method only updates the results which are influenced by objects' movement. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method with various real road network data. The results show that our method produces better accuracy than normal batch processing methods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3299-3304
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• 2013

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey has 15 key indicators, cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among daily smokers being one of them. The first wave of GATS in 14 countries indicated that mean CPD use is higher in women than men in India only, which is contrary to the current understanding of tobacco use globally. This study was undertaken to understand the unusual findings for mean CPD use in the GATS-India survey. Materials and Methods: Items B06a and B06b of the GATS India survey questionnaire that collected information on daily consumption of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were analyzed using SPSS software. Exclusive users were identified from these items after excluding the concurrent users of other tobacco products. Cigarette type, exclusive use and gender stratified analyses were made. Consumption of different types of cigarettes among the mixed users of manufactured and rolled cigarettes were correlated. Results: Higher mean number of CPD use among male daily-smokers was observed than their female counterparts in product specific analysis. Mean CPD as per GATS cigarette definition was higher in males than females for exclusive users but a reverse trend was observed in case of non-exclusive users. Use of manufactured cigarettes increased with increase in use of rolled cigarette among the mixed users and around half of these users reported equal CPD frequency for the both types of cigarettes. Conclusions: The anomaly in mean CPD estimate in GATS-India data was due to inclusion of two heterogeneous products to define cigarettes, variation in cigarette product specific user proportions contributing to the average and non-exclusive concurrent use of other tobacco products. The consumption pattern of cigarettes among the mixed users highlights bias in CPD reporting. Definition, analysis and interpretation of 'cigarettes per day' in the GATS India survey need to be improved by redefining cigarettes and making product specific analyses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2787-2793
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• 2016

Background: Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the West and ranks as the $7^{th}$ most common cancer in our region of Kashmir, India. FGFR3 mutations are frequent in superficial urothelial carcinoma (UC) differing from the RAS gene mutational pattern. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and association of FGFR3 and RAS gene mutations in UC cases. Materials and Methods: Paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue specimens of 65 consecutive UC patients were examined. DNA preparations were evaluated for the occurrence of FGFR3 and RAS gene mutations by PCR-SCCP and DNA sequencing. Results: Somatic point mutations of FGFR3 were identified in 32.3% (21 of 65). The pattern and distribution were significantly associated with low grade/stage (p<0.05). The overall mutations in exon 1 and 2 in all the forms of RAS genes aggregated to 21.5% and showed no association with any clinic-pathological parameters. In total, 53.8% (35 of 65) of the tumors studied had mutations in either a RAS or FGFR3 gene, but these were totally mutually exclusive in and none of the samples showed both the mutational events in mutually exclusive RAS and FGFR3. Conclusions: We conclude that RAS and FGFR3 mutations in UC are mutually exclusive and non-overlapping events which reflect activation of oncogenic pathways through different elements.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of a newborn care education program using ubiquitous learning (UL-NCEP) on exclusive breastfeeding and maternal role confidence of first-time mothers in Vietnam. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design was conducted at a university hospital in Hue city, Vietnam, between June and July 2018. Eligible first-time mothers were conveniently allocated to the experimental (n=27) and the control group (n=25). Mothers in the control group received only routine care, whereas mothers in the experimental group received UL-NCEP through tablet personal computers in addition to routine care in the hospital. Then, the educational content was provided to mothers by their smartphone for reviewing at home. UL-NCEP was developed based on the World Health Organization's "Essential Newborn Care Course" guidelines. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and maternal role confidence level after birth and at 4 weeks postpartum were assessed in both groups to assess the effect of UL-NCEP. Results: At 4 weeks postpartum, the experimental group showed a significantly higher level than the control, for exclusive breastfeeding rate (p<.05) as well as mean maternal role confidence (p<.05). Conclusion: UL-NCEP was a feasible and effective intervention in increasing first-time Vietnamese mothers' exclusive breastfeeding rate and maternal role confidence level. This program may be integrated into routine care for postpartum mothers to promote mother and infant health among first-time mothers in Vietnam.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.121-130
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• 1999

The objective of this paper is to apply Extended AND-OR Graph (EAOG)-related techniques to extract knowledge from a specific problem-domain and perform analysis in complicated decision making area. Expert systems use expertise about a specific domain as their primary source of solving problems belonging to that domain. However, such expertise is complicated as well as uncertain, because most knowledge is expressed in causal relationships between concepts or variables. Therefore, if expert systems can be used effectively to provide more intelligent support for decision making in complicated specific problems, it should be equipped with real-time inference mechanism. We develop two kinds of EAOG-driven inference mechanisms(1) EAOG-based forward chaining and (2) EAOG-based backward chaining. and The EAOG method processes the following three characteristics. 1. Real-time inference : The EAOG inference mechanism is suitable for the real-time inference because its computational mechanism is based on matrix computation. 2. Matrix operation : All the subjective knowledge is delineated in a matrix form, so that inference process can proceed based on the matrix operation which is computationally efficient. 3. Bi-directional inference : Traditional inference method of expert systems is based on either forward chaining or backward chaining which is mutually exclusive in terms of logical process and computational efficiency. However, the proposed EAOG inference mechanism is generically bi-directional without loss of both speed and efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2001

A fundamental study on the cooling apparatus inshore fishing boat and its operation characteristics in sea water cooling system were performed experimentally. The circumstance is giving the blow against fisherman with incoming-decreasing and the difficulty of crew's supply and demand and management. In addition, the depression of the external situation such as the plan of EEZ(Exclusive Economic Zone) proclaim is forcing them into improving their fishing condition. By this international and domestic surrounding, the development of a cooling apparatus inshore fishing boat is demanded sincerely. We investigated load characteristics as the pilot plant operation characteristics estimation which is based on the development of cooling system and optimum cooling apparatus inshore fishing boat. These results provide useful informations which are applicable to an actual design and show the possibility of application to other fields.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.3 s.99
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• pp.181-187
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• 2005

In order to reduce the management risks of and secure traffic safety of Aqua-bus which will be operated at the channel of Wolmi do and Yungjong-do for the first time in Korea, we investigate maritime traffic and natural environment around the channel, and analyze the factors of risk involved in her operation. We also propose the countermeasure to secure the safety of navigation in her service including precautionary area, exclusive terminal, operation management, and etc.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.472-476
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a simple and user friendly visual secret sharing scheme based on binary image. The proposed scheme is a new information hiding method which uses only bit-wise exclusive-or (XOR) operation and NOT operation to share a secret binary image information in the user friendly binary images. The proposed scheme has the following merits: (1) It provides efficient embedding and reconstruction algorithms. (2) It provides lossless and perfect reconstruction of the secret binary image. (3) It provides the detection method of its own group by sharing the user friendly image. (4) It can share same sized secret image such as original cover image unlike previous methods.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1799-1804
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• 2009

Bimodal Tram is spotlighted for alternative public transportation system which have punctualness, efficiency, and convenience running between capacity of bus and light rail transit. It have the advantage of automatic operation system when it runs at exclusive right-of-way as like as railway, runs as same as a bus at road concurrently. However, concrete construction plan is not established since the law as well as government subsidy are not defined. For activating bimodal tram construction, this paper analyzed as below. 1) understanding obstacles of activating construction through current status of local governments' bimodal tram promotion plan, 2) finding essential elements for legislation through transportation mode characteristics comparison and system rules analysis, 3) related foreign law analysis.