• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.439-455
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• 2016

This paper presented solutions of displacement and stress for a circular opening which is reinforced with grouted rock bolt. It satisfies the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) or generalized Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criterion, and exhibits elastic-brittle-plastic or strain-softening behavior. The numerical stepwise produce for strain-softening rock mass reinforced with grouted rock bolt was developed with non-associative flow rules and two segments piecewise linear functions related to a principle strain-dependent plastic parameter, to model the transition from peak to residual strength. Three models of the interaction mechanism between grouted rock bolt and surrounding rock proposed by Fahimifar and Soroush (2005) were adopted. Based on the axial symmetrical plane strain assumption, the theoretical solution of the displacement and stress were proposed for a circular tunnel excavated in elastic-brittle-plastic and strain-softening rock mass compatible with M-C or generalized H-B failure criterion, which is reinforced with grouted rock bolt. It showed that Fahimifar and Soroush's (2005) solution is a special case of the proposed solution for n = 0.5. Further, the proposed method is validated through example comparison calculated by MATLAB programming. Meanwhile, some particular examples for M-C or generalized H-B failure criterion have been conducted, and parametric studies were carried out to highlight the influence of different parameters (e.g., the very good, average and very poor rock mass). The results showed that, stress field in plastic region of surrounding rock with considering the supporting effectiveness of the grouted rock bolt is more than that without considering the effectiveness of the grouted rock bolt, and the convergence and plastic radius are reduced.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.47-50
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• 1997

Drug development began with the finding of biologically active compounds which are obtained by chemical synthesis or from natural sources. The advent of Combinatorial Chemistry is recognized as a strategy which has a potential to change the methodology of research and development(R&D) of new drugs. Drug development has been carried out with diverse strategies. In the past several decades a variety of new methodology have been introduced in R&D. Random screening of accumulated synthetic samples which had been synthesized for development of other drugs led to the discovery of new drugs. The typical examples are anti-asthma drug trimethoquinol and calcium antagonist diltiazem. (herbesser). In particular the latter drug has been used as a calcium antagonist worldwide, however it was first synthesized to find new tranquilizer and this is the reason why diltiazem has benzodiazepam skeleton. The random screening contributed in the finding of new drugs were carried out with whole animal test and it is a standard methodology in R&D of new drugs. Aspirin is the first synthetic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID) and has been used for more than one hundred years. It is the first example of drug developed from natural product. Salicin is the main constituent of willow bark which had been used in Europe for a long time to treat arthritis and aspirin was developed from salicin. Most of NSAID used clinically were developed from the structure of aspirin, however it took 70 years to clarify why aspirin exhibits its antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. The target of aspirin is cyclooxygenase(COX)which is the first enzyme involved in arachidonate cascade leading to the production of prostaglandins(PG) and thromboxan(TX). Side effect of aspirin causing ulcer in stomach is rather serious problem, since aspirin is so popular drug easily obtained in drug store(OTP). This problem is now going to be solved by a new finding on COX, which have two different types, one is constitutionally expressed COX 1 in almost all organs and the other is inducible COX 2. COX 2 is the responsible enzyme in inflammation etc and now the search of COX 2 specific inhibitors is the target of R&D of next generation NSAID.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2022

Kriging metamodel, as a flexible machine learning method for approximating deterministic analysis models of an engineering system, has been widely used for efficiently estimating slope reliability in recent years. However, the autocorrelation function (ACF), a key input to Kriging that affects the accuracy of reliability estimation, is usually selected based on empiricism. This paper proposes an adaption of the Kriging method, named as Genetic Algorithm optimized Whittle-Matérn Kriging (GAWMK), for addressing this issue. The non-classical two-parameter Whittle-Matérn (WM) function, which can represent different ACFs in the Matérn family by controlling a smoothness parameter, is adopted in GAWMK to avoid subjectively selecting ACFs. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the WM model to adaptively select the optimal autocorrelation structure of the GAWMK model. Monte Carlo simulation is then performed based on GAWMK for a subsequent slope reliability analysis. Applications to one explicit analytical example and two slope examples are presented to illustrate and validate the proposed method. It is found that reliability results estimated by the Kriging models using randomly chosen ACFs might be biased. The proposed method performs reasonably well in slope reliability estimation.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.719-730
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• 2007

Timoshenko의 전통적인 보 이론에 근거한 유한 요소의 전단 잠김 현상을 해결하기 위하여 가정 변형도법을 적용한 7자유도 공간 박벽 뼈대요소를 개발하였다. 2개의 노드를 갖는 직선 보요소에서 한 요소내의 변형도가 일정하다고 가정하여 형상함수를 유도하고 이를 바탕으로 가상일의 원리에 따라 강성행렬을 구성하였다. Corotational 기하 비선형 해석법을 이용하여 불평형 하중을 산정하였으며 부재 길이의 비선형 효과를 반영하기 위하여 bowing effect를 정밀하게 고려하였다. 일축 비대칭 단면을 갖는 곡선 외팔보와 이축 비대칭 단면을 갖는 직선 외팔보에 대하여 횡-비틀림 좌굴에 의한 안정 해석과 후좌굴 해석을 수행한 결과 ABAQUS 쉘요소와 좋은 일치를 보여 주었다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2011

수학교육의 궁극적인 목표 중의 하나인 문제해결력을 기르기 위해서는 그 기저가 되는 수학적 개념에 대한 이해가 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 영재교육 대상자들이 갖고 있는 수학 용어에 대한 오개념의 실태 및 형성 배경을 추정해 봄으로써 수학 오개념 예방 및 교수 학습 프로그램 개발과 지도에서 고려해야 할 정보를 제공하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 이론적 측면에서 오개념의 의미 및 형성 배경을 살펴보았다. 그리고 오개념 실태를 알아보기 위해 대학부설 영재교육원생을 대상으로 수와 도형 영역의 수학 개념을 진술한 내용을 분석한 결과 수학적으로 올바르게 진술한 학생은 35% 정도이며, 개념형성 수준을 4수준으로 나눌 경우 관점에 따라 예(例)와 비례(非例)의 구별할 수 있는 2수준과 개념의 공통적 속성을 인식하고, 자신의 표현으로 기술할 수 있는 3수준인 학생이 대부분이다. 그 배경을 추정해 보면 제한된 범례 제시, 잘못된 선개념, 개념 정의와 개념 이미지 사이의 불균형 등에서 찾을 수 있겠다. 이러한 추정을 바탕으로 수학적 용어에 대한 오개념을 해소 방안을 개괄적으로 정리하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1999

선체구조는 많은 수의 구조부재로 이루어져 있으며, 구조물의 안정성을 확보하기 위해 모든 부위의 검사를 위해서는 경제적, 사회적인 많은 비용이 필요하므로, 검사시기 및 검사방법의 최적화는 선체구조의 안정성확보 및 경제적 관점에서 매우 중요한 부분이 되고 있다. 선체구조 손상중 많은 부분이 균열이며 이러한 미세한 균열이 성장하여 대규모 파괴로 진전되기 전에 검사를 통하여 균열을 검출하고 수리하는 과정을 Markov 연쇄모델에 의해 이상화 시켰으며, 검사 계획안의 최적화는 유전적 알고리즘을 통하여 구현하였다. 특히 선박은 부식환경하에서 운항하므로 부식에 의한 선체구조부재의 치수가 감소하기 때문에 응력이 변하고 균열진전의 확률적인 특성 또한 변한다. 정상 Markov 연쇄모델로서는 이러한 부식에 의한 영향을 고려할수 없기 때문에 비정상 Markov 연쇄모델에 의해 부식의 영향을 고려하였다. 여러개의 부재군에 대한 검사 계획안의 최적화에 대하여 수치계산을 실시하여 그 특성을 비교하였고, 부식영향하의 부재군에 대하여 검사기간중에 발생되는 고정비용의 정도에 따른 경제성 분석 및 목표 파괴확률의 정도에 따른 검사계획의 차이를 살펴보았다. 수치계산 예를 통하여 전체비용을 줄이기 위해서는 피로수명이 짧은 부재군에 대한 피로수명을 향상시키는 방안이 가장 효율적임을 알 수 있다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.94-115
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• 2017

북한은 '조선민요 아리랑(2014년)'과 '김치담그기 풍습(2015년)'을 인류무형문화유산 대표목록으로 등재하였다. 아마도 남한이 먼저 등재한 '아리랑(2012년)'과 '김장문화(2013년)'의 영향을 받은 것으로 짐작된다. 이로 인해 남 북한 공유의 무형문화유산이 별개의 유네스코 인류무형문화유산 대표목록으로 등재되는 상황이 발생하고 말았다. '아리랑'과 '김장문화'의 사례는 유네스코 인류무형문화유산을 통한 남북 문화유산 교류협력의 필요성을 역설하고 있다. 이 글은 유네스코 인류무형문화유산 정책 검토를 기반으로 남 북한 인류무형문화유산의 교류협력 방안과 공동등재 방안을 고찰하여 남 북한 문화통합의 단초를 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 먼저 유네스코 무형문화유산 협약체제 적용을 위한 남 북한의 법규개정 내용을 살펴보고, 남 북한 간 문화유산 교류협력 사례를 분석하여 실질적 교류협력 활성화를 위한 대안이 무엇인지 검토해 보았다. 남 북한 무형문화유산 교류협력은 비록 비정치적인 분야이긴 하나 정세변화와 무관할 수는 없다. 따라서 상황에 따른 단계적 전개방법을 설계해 보고 정책을 실현하기 위한 방안을 검토하였다. 기반조성단계${\rightarrow}$교류협력 추진단계${\rightarrow}$사업다각화 모색단계${\rightarrow}$정책 및 대안 모색단계의 4단계로 구분하고 각 단계별 세부 추진방안을 제시하였다. 남 북한이 상호협력할 경우 일차적으로 실행이 가능하고 구체적으로 전략적 제안을 할 수 있는 대상이 필요하다. 이런 점에서 볼 때 유네스코 인류무형문화유산 공동등재는 적합한 협력대상이라 할 수 있다. 이미 공유 무형문화유산이 남 북한 별개의 유네스코 인류무형문화유산 대표목록으로 등재된 만큼 공동등재를 위한 노력은 필수적이다. 그래서 남 북한 모두 국가목록에 등재되어 있는 무형문화유산을 공동등재 대상으로는 선정하였다. 막걸리 장 가양주 구들 전통자수가 그것이다. 남 북한 공동등재를 위한 노력은 공유하고 있는 무형문화유산에 대한 정보 교류부터 시작한다. 공유된 정보를 중심으로 공동등재를 위한 시범사업(Pilot Projet)을 추진해 본 다음, 중기계획을 수립하여 공동등재할 수 있는 체제를 마련한다. 유네스코 인류무형문화유산으로 공동등재된 후에는 대상 무형문화유산의 상호 방문전시와 공연, 공동 모니터링 등 다양한 교류협력사업을 추진할 수 있다. 남 북한 인류무형문화유산의 공동등재 상호협력은 분단된 국가 중 유일무이한 사례로, 그 가치를 전세계적으로 인정받음은 물론 한민족문화의 힘을 발현할 상징으로 부각될 수 있다. 또한, 우리 고유 무형문화유산의 가치를 세계에 알리고 유네스코가 권장하는 공동등재의 모범사례가 되어 남 북한 문화통합을 위한 토대가 될 것이다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.65-125
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• 1991

The study has tried to analize and appraise how did public library system under the Japanese imperialism affect the establishment and managemant of Korean public libraries. To achieve the purpose of the above-mentioned study, the contents of $\ulcorner$Japanese library statute$\lrcorner$ under Japanese imperialism and the current $\ulcorner$Korean library law$\lrcorner$ have been mutually compared, at the same time, the vestiage of Japanese imperialism in view of the establishment, personnel administration and reading systems have been concretely investigated, analyzed and compared. The conclusions obtained from the above are as followings. 1. In those days of the Korean Liberation, the situation of Korean public libraries was such as it under the Japanese rule and so, their names were only changed. However, as a part of its independent activities, the national library have once carried out the various programs such as the training of professional librarians, the establishment of the new classification schedule and the chief Librarian and deputy Librarian from the professional librarians in the office regulations, and they were well worth being the good examples for today's Korean library circle. Though the Goverment of the Republic of Korea had been formally established, the situation of the library circle was very dull owing to the Korean war for a long time. In 1963, $\ulcorner$The Korean library law$\lrcorner$ was promulgated, but the establishment of public libraries did not give satisfactory results because of the institutional fragility. In the 1980's the importance of library was embossed from the viewpoint of life-long education and the number of libraries was increased. However, there were still the remaining vestiges of Japanese library system in the practical library services. 2. After the Korean Liberation, the influnces of public library system under the Japanese imperialism showed in the office regulation of national library and the Korea library Law were also in the legal mechanism. In particular, the regulations of $\ulcorner$The staff-member of public library$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Admission fee of public library$\lrcorner$ including the chief librarian have referred to the library system under the Japanese imperialism since the liberation day to date. 3. At that time of the Korean Liberation, the U.S.Military Government Office had decided that the public library administration should be attached to the administration of local and internal affairs in accordance with the Japanese administative system. As a result, the public libraries had been forced to be indirectly affected by public library system under the Japanese imperialism for twenty years since the Liberation. 4. Since the Liberation, the personnel adminstration of public library has been so far on the steps of model under the Japanese imperialism. As the result of the field survey, the position standards of local chief librarians, non-professional character, the extra post system and the preponderant appointment of non-professional offices have analyzed by the influence of Public library system under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the Government authorities-concerned must readjust the standards of qualification and the divided duties corresponding to the position of public library staff members and to stipulate expressly in the revised library law. In addition, the regulation of the admission fee should be also actively detected for the free adminssion of library users. 5. Since the Liberation Day, the reading methods of public library have been so far similar to reading method under the Japaness imperialism. For example, the admission fee levied, the complicated procedures of using books including entrance and exit of a library, no-admission system, the limited lending books, the deposit system of outdoor lending books and the surety liable jointly and severally are originally caused by bureaucracy of under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the public libraries should make an offer space and opportunities which can enjoy freedom to the gull in future. The procedures and standards of library users will be simplified, if possible. As the above-mentioned, the actual conditions of Korean public libraries have been examined and analyzed. As the result of it, there are still the remaining vestiges of public library system under the Japanese imperialism in the establishment and management of the nation-wide public libraries. Such the remnants are an obstacle to the democratic development of public libraries and so, the authorities-concerned should take the proper-measures as soon as possible.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.64-78
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• 2007

영어 논문의 작성 능력은 오늘날 공학도들에게 필수적으로 요구되는 자질이다. 주요 해외 저널에 얼마나 많은 논문이 게재되었느냐가 학문적 성과를 평가하는 주된 척도라는 점과 주요 해외 저널들이 보다 많은 독자들을 대상으로 하기 위하여 영어로 쓰여진다는 점 때문에 영어 논문 작성 능력에 대한 필요성은 한국을 포함한 영어가 모국어가 아닌 모든 국가들에서 강조되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 불행히도 한국에 있는 이공계 대학들은 석/박사 연구원들의 영어 논문 작성 능력 향상을 위한 정규적인 교육 과정을 제공하고 있지 못하다. 이러한 상황을 더욱 악화시키는 것은 구체적인 기술 논문 작성 방법론에 대한 문헌이 부족하다는 점이다. 원어민(Native Speaker)을 위한 기술 논문 작성 방법론에 대한 문헌이나 EFL 학습자들을 위한 일반적인 영어 작문법에 대한 문헌은 많이 있지만, EFL 학습자들을 위한 기술 논문 작성법에 대한 지침서나 문헌은 찾기 힘들다. 따라서, 본 보고서의 목적은 두 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 영문 기술 논문 작성에 대한 교육 방법론이 생소한 한국에서 이공계 연구원을 대상으로 강의를 하고 있는 EFL 강사들에게 제기될 수 있는 일반적인 논제들을 제시한다. 이 논제들은 적절한 강의 접근법(Teaching Approach), 최적의 학생 배치(Class Arrangement), 그리고 컴퓨터 학습 도구의 활용뿐 아니라 대조 수사학(Contrastive Rhetoric)의 중요성에 대한 내용을 포함한다. 둘째, 실제적인 강의 제안서도 제시한다. 본 강의 제안서는 기술 논문 작성법 강의 수강생들의 작문 샘플에 대한 분석 결과와 기술 논문 작성법에 대한 자가 진단 설문 응답 분석 결과를 근거로 작성하였고, 한국인 EFL 학습자가 기술 논문 교육 과정을 통하여 문법(Grammar), 과정(Process), 장르 기술(Genre Skills) 등을 골고루 개발할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 보고서는 EFL 기술 논문 과정의 개발에 대한 여러 일반적인 논점들을 공유함으로써 기술논문 교육방법론 연구가 부족한 한국의 공학 교육계에 하나의 사례를 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.869-895
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• 2000

The US supports the Information and Communication (IC) industry as a strategic one to wield a complete power over the World Market. However, several other countries are also eager to have the support for the IC industry because the industry produces a high added value and has a significant effect on other industries. Korea is not an exception. Korea recently succeeded in the commercialization of CDMA for the first time in the world, after the successful development of TDX. Hence, it is highly likely to get tracked by the US. Although the IC industry is a specific sector of IT, there is a concern that there might be a trade friction between the US and Korea due to a possible competition. It will be very important to prepare a solution in advance so that Korea could prevent the friction and at the same time increase its share domestically and globally. It will be our important task to solve the problem with the minimum cost if the conflict arises unfortunately in the IT area. The parties that have a strong influence on the US trade policy are the think tank group and the IT-related interest group. Therefore, it would be important to have a close relationship with them. We found some implications by analyzing the case of Japan, which has experienced trade frictions with the US over the long period of time in the high tech industry. In order to get rid of those conflicts with the US, the Japanese did the following things : (1) The Japanese government developed supporting theories and also resorted to international support so that the world could support the Japanese theories. (2) Through continual dialogue with the US business people, the Japanese business people sought after solutions to share profits among the Japanese and the US both in the domestic and in the worldwide markets. They focused on lobbying activities to influence the US public opinion to support the Japanese. The specific implementation plan was first to open culture lobby toward opinion leaders who were leaders about the US opinion. The institution, Japan Society, were formed to deliver a high quality lobbying activities. The second plan is economic lobby. They have established Japanese Economic Institute at Washington. They provide information about Japan regularly or irregularly to the US government, research institution, universities, etc., that are interested in Japan. The main objective behind these activities though is to advertise the validity of Japanese policy. Japanese top executives, practical interest groups on international trade, are trying to justify their position by direct contact with the US policy makers. The third one is political lobby. Japan is very careful about this political lobby. It is doing its best not to give impression that Japan is trying to shape the US policy making. It is collecting a vast amount of information to make a correct judgment on situation. It is not tilted toward one political party or the other, and is rather developing a long-term network of people who understand and support the Japanese policy. The following implications were drawn from the experience of Japan. First, the Korean government should develop a long-term plan and execute it to improve the Korean image perceived by American people. Second, the Korean government should begin public relation activities toward the US elite group. It is inevitable to make an effort to advertise Korea to this elite group because this group leads public opinion in the USA. Third, the Korean government needs the development of a relevant policy to elevate the positive atmosphere for advertising toward the US. For example, we need information about to whom and how to about lobbying activities, personnel network who immediately respond to wrong articles about Korea in the US press, and lastly the most recent data bank of Korean support group inside the USA. Fourth, the Korean government should create an atmosphere to facilitate the advertising toward the US. Examples include provision of incentives in tax on the expenses for the advertising toward the US and provision of rewards to those who significantly contribute to the advertising activities. Fifth, the Korean government should perform the role of a bridge between Korean and the US business people. Sixth, the government should promptly analyze the policy of IT industry, a strategic area, and timely distribute information to industries in Korea. Since the Korean government is the only institution that has formal contact with the US government, it is highly likely to provide information of a high quality. The followings are some implications for business institutions. First, Korean business organization should carefully analyze and observe the business policy and managerial conditions of US companies. It is very important to do so because all the trade frictions arise at the business level. Second, it is also very important that the top management of Korean firms contact the opinion leaders of the US. Third, it is critically needed that Korean business people sent to the USA do their part for PR activities. Fourth, it is very important to advertise to American employees in Korean companies. If we cannot convince our American employees, it would be a lot harder to convince regular American. Therefore, it is very important to make the American employees the support group for Korean ways. Fifth, it should try to get much information as early as possible about the US firms policy in the IT area. It should give an enormous effort on early collection of information because by doing so it has more time to respond. Sixth, it should research on the PR cases of foreign enterprise or non-American companies inside the USA. The research needs to identify the success factors and the failure factors. Finally, the business firm will get more valuable information if it analyzes and responds to, according to each medium.