• 한국안광학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 매년 증가되는 안경광학과 입학정원 증가에 따른 문제점들을 연구하였다. 주된 문제는 안경사 인력의 과잉공급과 열악한 근무환경에 기인하며 이를 해결하기 위해서는 안경사 인력의 수적 불균형을 해소하겠다는 관계자 모두의 공통된 정책적 시각을 가져야 한다. 또 보건의료 인력의 수요와 공급을 예측하고 정확한 정책을 수립하기 위해서는 보건의료 인력개발을 담당할 상설기구와 중장기적인 계획이 필요하다. 안경사 인력의 질적 불균형의 해소를 위해서는 정확한 직무 영역을 설정하고 전문교육과정을 재편하며 국가고시 실기평가의 방법을 구체화하며 보수교육의 내용과 방법을 혁신해 가야 한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 경주코오롱호텔; 22-23 May 1997
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• pp.184-191
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• 1997

A method, termed as the substructural sensitivity synthesis method, which utilizes the computational merits of the component mode synthesis technique is proposed to calculate design sensitivity of modal parameters of substructurally combined structures. In this method, the sensitivity analysis is combined with component mode synthesis thchnique. thus the degrees of freedom of a combined structure can be dramatically reduced. Free-interface mode method including the residual attachment modes among the component mode synthesis methods is used to calculate the modal sensitivity of the combined structure. For the design sensitivities of modal properties of structure, the Nelson's method, which is exact solving method is used. It is shown that the modal sensitivities of the entire structure can be obtained by synthesizing the substructural modal data, and the sensitivities of the modal data about the design variables of modifiable substructure. Using the proposed method, the final degrees of freedom of entire structure can be remarkably reduced to calculate the modal parameter sensitivities. With a structure composed of beams and plates, as an example, the sensitivities of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained by this proposed method were compared with the exact solutions in terms of accuracy.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1993

An implicit finite difference formulation with three methods of latent heat treatment, such as equivalent specific heat method, temperature recovery method and enthalpy method, was applied to solidification analysis. The Neumann problem was solved to compare the numerical results with the exact solution. The implicit solutions with the equivalent specific heat method and the temperature recovery method were comparatively consistent with the Neumann exact solution for smaller time steps, but its error increased with increasing time step, especially in predicting the solidification beginning time. Although the computing time to solve energy equation using temperature recovery method was shorter than using enthalpy method, the method of releasing latent heat is not realistic and causes error. The implicit formulation of phase change problem requires enthalpy method to treat the release of latent heat reasonably. We have modified the enthalpy formulation in such a way that the enthalpy gradient term is not needed, and as a result of this modification, the computation stability and the computing time were improved.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2011

The diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers is the gastroenterologists' mission because of national cancer screening program in South Korea. The detection of early cancers is emphasized, because these were previously treated with surgical treatment can be currently cured with endoscopic treatment. Gastroenterologists who achieved at least on some level can make an exact diagnosis regardless of what type of endoscopy, but generally, there are some required conditions for an optimal diagnosis. First, clinically important lesions have to be detected easily. Second, the border and morphology of lesions have to be characterized easily. Third, lesions have to be diagnosed exactly. Precancers and early cancers are often subtle and can pose a challenge to gastroenterologists to visualize using standard white light endoscopy. The use of dye solutions aids the diagnosis of early gastrointestinal cancers, however, it is a quite cumbersome to use dye solutions all the time and the solution often bothers the exact observation by pooling into the depression or ulceration of the lesion. To overcome this weakness, newer endoscopes are now developed so called "image enhanced endoscopy" using optical and/or electronic methods such as narrow band imaging (NBI), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), i-scan, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) and confocal endomicroscopy (CLE).

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.663-671
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• 2017

Some genetic association tests include an unidentifiable nuisance parameter under the null hypothesis of no association. When the mode of inheritance (MOI) is not specified in a case-control design, the Cochran-Armitage (CA) trend test contains an unidentifiable nuisance parameter. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) in a family-based association study that includes the unaffected also contains an unidentifiable nuisance parameter. The hypothesis tests that include an unidentifiable nuisance parameter are typically performed by taking a supremum of the CA tests or TDT over reasonable values of the parameter. The p-values of the supremum test statistics cannot be obtained by a normal or chi-square distribution. A common method is to use a Davies's upper bound of the p-value instead of an exact asymptotic p-value. In this paper, we provide a unified sine-cosine process expression of the CA trend test that does not specify the MOI and the TDT that includes the unaffected. We also present a closed form expression of the exact asymptotic formulas to calculate the p-values of the supremum tests when the score function can be written as a linear form in an unidentifiable parameter. We illustrate how to use the derived formulas using a pharmacogenetics case-control dataset and an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder family-based example.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권5C호
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• pp.514-520
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 디인터레이싱 방법 중에서 에지 기반 공간 필터의 성능 개선을 위한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 디인터레이싱의 성능을 좌우하는 에지의 정확한 검출을 위하여 이진화된 영상에서 자연스러운 라인을 형성하도록 보간한 후에 이를 근간으로 보간될 영상의 정확한 에지를 검출하였다. 이러한 방법으로 검출된 정확한 에지를 기반으로 적응적인 보간 알고리즘을 적용하여 에지영역에서의 화질 열화를 최소화하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 다양한 영상에 대해 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 하였고, 그 결과를 기존의 디인터레이싱 알고리즘과 비교하여 에지 영역에서의 성능 향상을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2020

Background: Lidocaine is the gold standard local anesthetic (LA) for UK pediatric dental treatment. Recent reports suggest frequent Articaine use in Europe and Canada, with evidence indicating more profound anesthesia. The aim of this study was to examine pediatric dentistry specialist experiences and practices relating to Articaine administration in the UK. Methods: A literature review was followed by a survey using an anonymous 15-item electronic questionnaire, which was sent to 200 registered British Society of Pediatric Dentistry (BSPD) specialists. Descriptive analyses, Z score, chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Spearman's correlation test were performed. Results: Sixty-one (30.5%) participants responded, and 12 (19.7%) indicated Articaine as their first line anesthetic. Articaine was used daily or weekly by 38 (62.3%) respondents, depending on the clinical context. Articaine was commonly used to avoid inferior alveolar nerve blocks and gain more profound anesthesia in abscessed or hypomineralized teeth. Participants reported significantly more adverse effects with lidocaine (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.0001) than with Articaine. Articaine was most often administered in children aged > 4 years via infiltration techniques. Only 15 (24.6%) respondents reported awareness of guidelines for Articaine use in pediatric patients. Conclusions: Articaine use in pediatric dentistry is common; however, evidence supporting its practice is limited. Several specialists follow conventions based on anecdotal evidence. Formulating guidance to aid decision-making when treating pediatric patients under LA would be beneficial.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2009

컴퓨터그래픽스에서 다루어지는 대부분의 물체들은 메쉬 형태로 표현된다. 보다 다양한 형태로의 변형이나 현실감 있는 렌더링을 얻기 위해서는 정점에서의 올바른 법선벡터 계산이 필수적이다. 이에 대한 기존 연구들은 정점의 기하학적 특성을 단순하게 반영하는 가중치를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 국지적 기하학 특성을 종합적으로 반영하는 등각사상과 이웃 정점과의 상호관계를 연속적으로 표현할 수 있는 중간값 좌표계를 사용하는 방법을 제안한다. 논문에서 제시된 방법이 기존 다른 방법에 비해서 보다 정확한 법선벡터를 계산할 수 있음을 실험을 통해서 알 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.8064-8073
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• 2015

편미분방정식 해를 위한 효율적인 방법 중의 하나는 미분구적법이다. 이방법은 복잡한 구조 및 하중에 따른 컴퓨터 용량의 과도한 사용뿐만 아니라, 컴퓨터 프로그래밍의 복합알고리즘 해석상의 어려움 피하기 위해 많은 분야에 적용되어왔다. 아크축의 비신장 및 신장을 고려한 곡선보의 내평면 진동을, 미분구적법 (DQM)을 이용하여 해석하였다. 다양한 경계조건과 열림각에 따른 진동수을 계산하였다. DQM의 해석결과는, 비교 가능한 정확한 수학적 해법을 다른 수치해석결과와 비교하였다. DQM은 적은 격자점을 사용하고도 정확한 해석을 보여주었고, 다양한 변화에 따른 새로운 결과를 제시하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.337-357
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• 2017

Knowledge of thin films mechanical properties is strongly associated to the reliability and the performances of Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS). In the literature, there are several methods for micro materials characterization. Bulge test is an established nondestructive technique for studying the mechanical properties of thin films. This study improve the performances of NEMS by investigating the mechanical behavior of Nano rectangular thin film (NRTF) made of new material embedded in Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS) by developing the bulge test technique. The NRTF built from adhesively-bonded layers of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) laminate composite materials in Nano size at room temperature and were used for plane-strain bulging. The NRTF is first pre-stressed to ensure that is no initial deflection before applied the loads on NRTF and then clamped between two plates. A differential pressure is applying to a deformation of the laminated composite NRTF. This makes the plane-strain bulge test idea for studying the mechanical behavior of laminated composite NRTF in both the elastic and plastic regimes. An exact solution of governing equations for symmetric cross-ply BFRP laminated composite NRTF was established with taking in-to account the effect of the residual strength from pre-stressed loading. The stress-strain relationship of the BFRP laminated composite NRTF was determined by hydraulic bulging test. The NRTF thickness gradation in different points of hemisphere formed in bulge test was analysed.