• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2012

Purpose: Developmental delay and mental retardation are frequently occurring disorders that present major socio-economic burden on the affected individual's family and society. Both can be congenital or acquired. However, a large number of people are institutionalized without exact diagnosis and, as a result, have not received proper care. Methods: 508 subjects with mental retardation or developmental delay from six institutions in Chung Buk Province were clinically evaluated and screened for metabolic and endocrinologic problems between 2000 and 2012. Results: Clinical genetic disorders were observed in 52 (10.2%) subjects. Cerebral palsy attributed to 21% of the institutionalized. 18 (3.5%) were diagnosed with metabolic disorders and 13 (2.6%) exhibited secondary endocrinologic dysfunction. Over 16% showed metabolic evidence of malnutrition. Conclusion: 21% and 3.5% of the population institutionalized due to mental retardation or developmental delay were afflicted by preventable cerebral palsy and metabolic disorders, respectively. Through early identification of the causes and early treatment, it may be possible to prevent, reduce, or alleviate the disability of many institutionalized individuals. Further research is imperative for establishing guidelines for diagnostic investigation for mental retardation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cassia acutifolia on the obesity and the glucose levels in a rat model of obesity and diabetes. Methods: By random selection, 36 Wistar male rats were divided in two control groups, the positive and the negative control groups, and into four experimental groups receiving different infusions of Cassia acutifolia in water ad libitum. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant anti-obesogenic effect (P = 0.02), although this was not considered clinically significant. Additionally, Cassia acutifolia lowered the glucose levels by 30 mg/dL to 90 mg/dL (P = 0.05). However, we observed adverse effects in the liver, a two-fold increase in transaminase levels (P = 0.002), and in the kidneys, decreased creatinine levels (P = 0.001), and these adverse effects had no viable explanation. Conclusion: Cassia acutifolia has anti-hyperglycemic effects in obese diabetic rats. However, Cassia acutifolia also has adverse effects, so it should not be administered to patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.955-959
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• 2010

Differential diagnosis of the taeniid proglottids between Taenia asiatica and T. sagniata is a daunting task due to their close morphological similarity. However, to correctly diagnose them on time is important in managing infected patients, as well as for reducing serious complications such as cysticercosis. Currently, DNA-based methods for the dissection of genomic information of parasites are being employed to make accurate and rapid diagnoses in the field of parasitology. In this study, multiplex PCR was established and exploited to identify exact species of taeniid adult worms recovered from Korean people. To discriminate one from the other other, primers-Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915- were used for the multiplex PCR, which provided swift and precise identification of the taeniid worms being observed. Also,having instituted PCR methodology, we ascertained that easiness would be achieved to reassess and re-evaluate Korean endemic data on human taeniid cestodes.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to develop and test a maternal role strengthening program based on home care nursing. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed. Changes in the variables(maternal identity and confidence of maternal role) were evaluated to test the effects of the developed program. Participants were first-time mothers receiving home care nursing from S Medical Center following normal spontaneous vaginal delivery(experimental group 29; control group 29). Data collection was conducted from December 2008 to February 2009. $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and t-test were used to analyse the data. Results: Hypothesis 1, that the experimental group receiving this program would experience a stronger maternal identity than the control group, was supported(t=-7.990, p=<.001). Hypothesis 2, that the experimental group would have higher confidence in their maternal role than the control group, was also supported(t=-10.109, p=<.001). Conclusion: The maternal role strengthening program based on home care nursing developed in this study was found to be an effective means of improving maternal identity and confidence of maternal role. As these traits are developed once the baby is born, active nursing programs which provide continuous training and demonstrations to mothers are needed prior to hospitalization and following hospital discharge.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

Purpose: Replication error is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. The microsatellite instability (MSI-H) of colorectal cancers is associated with the development of multiple cancers. The influence of MSI-H on the development of multiple gastric cancers in sporadic gastric cancer patients has not been defined. This study was performed to reveal the association between the clinicopathologic features and MSI in sporadic gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: Between July 2004 and March 2009, the clinicopathologic characteristics, including MSI status, were evaluated in 128 consecutive patients with sporadic gastric cancers. None of the patients had hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer of familial gastric cancer. The markers that were recommended by the NCI to determine the MSI status for colorectal cancers were used Results: MSI-H cancers were found in 10.9% of the patients (14/128). Synchronous gastric cancers were shown in 4 patients (3.1%). Synchronous cancers were found in 2 of 14 patients with MSI-H gastric cancer (14.3%) and 2 of 114 patients with MSS gastric cancer (1.8%; P=0.059, Fisher's exact test). Among the patients with synchronous cancer 50% (2/4) had MSI-H cancer, but 9.7% of the patients (12/124) without synchronous cancer had MSI-H cancer. MSI-H (RR, 24.7; 95% CI, 1.5~398.9; P=0.024) was related with to synchronous gastric cancer, but age, gender, family history, histologic type, location, gross morphology, size, and stage were not related to synchronous gastric cancer. Conclusions: MSI is associated with the intestinal-type gastric cancer and the presence of multiple gastric cancers in patients with sporadic gastric cancer. Special attention to the presence of synchronous and the development of metachronous multiple cancer in patients with MSI-H gastric cancer is needed.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between anterior disc displacement and effusion in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 253 TMD patients. MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. T1- and T2-weighted images with para-sagittal and para-coronal images were obtained. According to the MRI findings, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc positions were divided into 3 subgroups: normal, anterior disc displacement with reduction (DWR), and anterior disc displacement without reduction (DWOR). The cases of effusion were divided into 4 groups: normal, mild (E1), moderate (E2), and marked effusion (E3). Statistical analysis was made by the Fisher's exact test using SPSS (version 12.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The subjects consisted of 62 males and 191 females with a mean age of 28.5 years. Of the 253 patients, T1- and T2-weighted images revealed 34 (13.4%) normal, DWR in 103 (40.7%), and DWOR in 116 (45.9%) on the right side and 37 (14.6%) normal, DWR in 94 (37.2%), and DWOR in 122 (48.2%) joints on the left side. Also, T2-images revealed 82 (32.4%) normal, 78 (30.8%) E1, 51 (20.2%) E2, and 42 (16.6%) E3 joints on the right side and 79 (31.2%) normal, 85 (33.6%) E1, 57 (22.5%) E2, and 32 (12.7%) E3 on the left side. There was no difference between the right and left side. Conclusion: Anterior disc displacement was not related to the MRI findings of effusion in TMD patients (P>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2020

Objectives: Melatonin induces human stem cells, converts pre-osteoblasts to mature osteoblasts, and reduces the duration of this transition. However, melatonin itself prevents activation of osteoclasts. Here, we evaluate the role of melatonin in prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and Methods: In this experimental-interventional study, 30 rats were evaluated in 3 groups. The first and second groups received saline and zoledronic acid, respectively, for 4 weeks and the third group received 4 weeks of zoledronic acid and 3 weeks of melatonin simultaneously. First-right-maxillary-molar extraction was performed for all animals, which were sacrificed after 4 weeks of recovery. The extraction sockets were examined histologically for the presence of osteonecrosis, number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts, severity of inflammation, and vascularization. Data were analyzed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact statistical tests (α=0.05). Results: Osteonecrosis was observed in 20%, 90%, and 70% of the first, second and third groups, respectively (P=0.008). The lowest number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts was seen in the third group. Conclusion: Melatonin may effectively prevent some undesirable side effects of bisphosphonates. However, further studies are required to confirm the results of this study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following ${\beta}$-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ${\geq}0.9$. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examiners.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.183-196
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• 2020

Purpose: This practice-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether common risk indicators for peri-implant diseases were associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in patients undergoing supportive implant therapy (SIT) at least 5 years after implant restoration. Methods: Patients exclusively restored with a single implant type were included. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration, and radiographic bone loss (RBL) were assessed around implants. The case definitions were as follows: peri-implant mucositis: PPD ≥4 mm, BOP, no RBL; and peri-implantitis: PPD ≥5 mm, BOP, RBL ≥3.5 mm. Possible risk indicators were compared between patients with and without mucositis and peri-implantitis using the Fisher exact test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as well as a multiple logistic regression model for variables showing significance (P<0.05). Results: Eighty-four patients with 169 implants (observational period: 5.8±0.86 years) were included. A patient-based prevalence of 52% for peri-implant mucositis and 18% for peri-implantitis was detected. The presence of 3 or more implants (odds ratio [OR], 4.43; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.36-15.05; P=0.0136) was significantly associated with an increased risk for mucositis. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk for peri-implantitis (OR, 5.89; 95% CI, 1.27-24.58; P=0.0231), while the presence of keratinized mucosa around implants was associated with a lower risk for peri-implantitis (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.25; P<0.001). Conclusions: The number of implants should be considered in strategies to prevent mucositis. Furthermore, smoking and the absence of keratinized mucosa were the strongest risk indicators for peri-implantitis in patients undergoing SIT in the present study.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The effect of core design on the fracture resistance of zirconia-lithium disilicate (LS2) bilayered crowns for anterior teeth is evaluated by comparing with that of metal-ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty customized titanium abutments for maxillary central incisor were prepared. Each group of 10 units was constructed using the same veneer form of designs A and B, which covered labial surface to approximately one third of the incisal and cervical palatal surface, respectively. LS2 pressed-on-zirconia (POZ) and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns were divided into "POZ_A," "POZ_B," "PFM_A," and "PFM_B" groups, and 6000 thermal cycles (5/55 ℃) were performed after 24 h storage in distilled water at 37 ℃. All specimens were prepared using a single type of self-adhesive resin cement. The fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Failure mode and elemental analyses of the bonding interface were performed. The data were analyzed using Welch's t-test and the Games-Howell exact test. RESULTS. The PFM_B (1376. 8 ± 93.3 N) group demonstrated significantly higher fracture strength than the PFM_A (915.8 ± 206.3 N) and POZ_B (963.8 ± 316.2 N) groups (P<.05). There was no statistically significant difference in fracture resistance between the POZ_A (1184.4 ± 319.6 N) and POZ_B groups (P>.05). Regardless of the design differences of the zirconia cores, fractures involving cores occurred in all specimens of the POZ groups. CONCLUSION. The bilayered anterior POZ crowns showed different fracture resistance and fracture pattern according to the core design compared to PFM.