Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science

Korean Academy of Periodontology (대한치주과학회)
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Risk indicators for mucositis and peri-implantitis: results from a practice-based cross-sectional study

  • Rinke, Sven (Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen) ;
  • Nordlohne, Marc ;
  • Leha, Andreas (Department of Medical Statistics, Georg-August-University) ;
  • Renvert, Stefan (School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University) ;
  • Schmalz, Gerhard (Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig) ;
  • Ziebolz, Dirk (Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig)
  • Received : 2019.09.18
  • Accepted : 2020.04.01
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose: This practice-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether common risk indicators for peri-implant diseases were associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in patients undergoing supportive implant therapy (SIT) at least 5 years after implant restoration. Methods: Patients exclusively restored with a single implant type were included. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration, and radiographic bone loss (RBL) were assessed around implants. The case definitions were as follows: peri-implant mucositis: PPD ≥4 mm, BOP, no RBL; and peri-implantitis: PPD ≥5 mm, BOP, RBL ≥3.5 mm. Possible risk indicators were compared between patients with and without mucositis and peri-implantitis using the Fisher exact test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as well as a multiple logistic regression model for variables showing significance (P<0.05). Results: Eighty-four patients with 169 implants (observational period: 5.8±0.86 years) were included. A patient-based prevalence of 52% for peri-implant mucositis and 18% for peri-implantitis was detected. The presence of 3 or more implants (odds ratio [OR], 4.43; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.36-15.05; P=0.0136) was significantly associated with an increased risk for mucositis. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk for peri-implantitis (OR, 5.89; 95% CI, 1.27-24.58; P=0.0231), while the presence of keratinized mucosa around implants was associated with a lower risk for peri-implantitis (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.25; P<0.001). Conclusions: The number of implants should be considered in strategies to prevent mucositis. Furthermore, smoking and the absence of keratinized mucosa were the strongest risk indicators for peri-implantitis in patients undergoing SIT in the present study.

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References

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