• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.322-332
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a maternal role adjustment program on first-time mothers. Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were first-time mothers admitted to two postpartum clinics at women's hospitals. The experimental group had 38 mothers and the control group had 35 mothers. A maternal role adjustment program was applied individually to the experimental group between the 1st and 2nd weeks after childbirth. Assessing Adaptation to Motherhood, Semantic Differential Scale-Myself as Mother, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to measure effects of the program. A pre-test was conducted in the 1st week after childbirth while post-tests were conducted in the 4th and 6th weeks. Data were analyzed with $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 24.0. Results: Maternal role adjustment (F=6.17, p=.015) and maternal identity (F=6.63, p=.012) were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. However, the difference in postpartum depression (F=1.11, p=.335) was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions: The maternal role adjustment program can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention program to enhance maternal role adjustment and maternal identity for first-time mothers.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2008

Background : When surgeons plan mandible ortho surgery for patients with skeletal class III facial asymmetry, they must be consider the exact method of surgery for correction of the facial asymmetry. Three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging is efficient in depicting specific structures in the craniofacial area. It reproduces actual measurements by minimizing errors from patient movement and allows for image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range, rapid progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional facial skeleton analysis. The purpose of this study was to conduct 3D CT image comparisons of mandible changes after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients. Materials & methods : This study included 7 patients who underwent 3D CT before and after correction of facial asymmetry in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Yeungnam University Hospital between August 2002 and November 2005. Patients included 2 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 16 years to 30 years (average 21.4 years). Frontal CT images were obtained before and after surgery, and changes in mandible angle and length were measured. Results : When we compared the measurements obtained before and after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients, correction of facial asymmetry was identified on the "after" images. The mean difference between the right and left mandibular angles before mandibular surgery was $7^{\circ}$, whereas after mandibular surgery it was $1.5^{\circ}$. The right and left mandibular length ratios subtracted from 1 was 0.114 before mandibular surgery, while it was 0.036 after mandibular surgery. The differences were analyzed using the nonparametric test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (p<0.05). Conclusion: The system that has been developed produces an accurate three-dimensional representation of the skull, upon which individualized surgery of the skull and jaws is easily performed. The system also permits accurate measurement and monitoring of postsurgical changes to the face and jaws through reproducible and noninvasive means.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.3697-3701
• /
• 2015

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) is serious public health problem in Thailand, especially in the northeastern and northern regions. CHCA is known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors associated with local invasion and a high rate of metastasis. A crucial step in the invasion process is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basal membranes, for which several studies have shown a critical role played by matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11). Objective: This study aim to detect MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens and any correlation with survival time. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 patients with CHCA in Rajvithi hospital, who had undergone immunohistochemical staining of MMP-11. Relationships between clinicopathological data and MMP-11 expression in CHCA specimens were analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$ test or Fisher's exact test. The estimated survival and the survival differences were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test, respectively. Results: MMP-11 expression was found in 15 specimens (50%). The overall mean survival time is 237.0 days (95% CI 135.4-338.5, SD 271.9). Specimens with a positive MMP-11 had an average survival time of 136.7 days (95%CI 50.3-223.1, SD 156.0). Survival differences was signficant for the positive and negative MMP-11(p=0.022), but not well differentiated tumor and moderate to poor differentiated tumor (p=0.755), CA19-9 level of >1,000 and <1,000 (p=0.488), and between advanced and non-advanced staging (p=0.388). Conclusions: The positive MMP-11 expression indicates poor prognosis in CHCA specimens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1171-1176
• /
• 2012

Objective: The current study aimedto screen for possible factors which affect prognosis of chondrosarcoma. Methods: Thirty seven cases were selected and analyzed statistically. The patients received surgical treatment at our hospital between December 2005 and March 2008. All of them had complete follow-up data. The survival rates were calculated by univariate analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by Log-rank. ${\chi}^2$ or Fisher exact tests were carried out for the numeration data. The significant indexes after univariate analysis were then analyzed by multivariate analysis using COX regression model. Based on the literature, factors of gender, age, disease course, tumor location, Enneking grades, surgical approaches, distant metastasis and local recurrence were examined. Results: Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in Enneking grades, surgical approaches and distant metastasis related to the patients' 3-year survival rate after surgery (P<0.001). No significant difference was not found in gender, age, disease course, tumor location or local recurrence (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that Enneking grade (P=0.007) and surgical approaches (P=0.010) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of chondrosarcoma, but distant metastasis was not (P=0.942). Conclusion: Enneking grades, surgical approaches and distant metastasis are risk factors for prognosis of chondrosarcoma, among which the former two are independent factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.4527-4531
• /
• 2016

Background: PTEN protein is one of the most important tumour suppressor factors which is detectable by immunohistochemistry. The goal of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of PTEN gene expression in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 breast cancer patients referred to Sabzevar hospitals in the north-east of Iran between 2010 and 2011, who were followed up to 2015. PTEN gene expression in tissue samples was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies and data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Patient survival was analyzed after 4 years of follow-up using the Cox regression model. Results: PTEN gene expression was evident in 70 of 100 cnacer samples but was found at high levels in all non-cancer samples. There was an inverse significant relationship between PTEN gene expression and tumour stage or tumour grade (p<0.001). The expression of PTEN in invasive ductal tumours was lower than in non-invasive tumours. There was also an inverse significant relationship between the hazard of death and PTEN gene expression (p<0.001). In addition, there was an inverse significant relationship between tumour stage and hazard of death (p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that lack of PTEN gene expression can be a sign of a worse prognosis and poor survival in breast cancer cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.4301-4306
• /
• 2016

Background: Cancer is a burden on humanity and ranks as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Shanxi province has its unique cancer patterns and the burden is increasing. In this study, we aimed to assess the pattern of dietary habits and life-style in Shanxi, a high-risk area for upper gastrointestinal cancers in China and further evaluate the trends in cancer incidence and mortality based on registered data. Materials and Methods: Data on lifestyle, diet, physical activity were obtained from the household health survey at Zhongyang from 2013 to 2015. Cancer diagnoses were reported to Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDCP). Population-based cancer incidence data and mortality data of 2012 were collected from the SCDCP. All incidence and death rates were expressed per 100,000 populations. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Overall, deficiencies in fresh fruits and vegetable food, and intake of hot food, salted food, or pickled food are serious problems in Shanxi, especially in rural areas. Upper gastrointestinal cancers were the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and the incidence in rural areas is higher than those in urban areas. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer for females. Moreover, the agespecific incidence exhibited an increased trend before 40 years old. Consistent with the previous literature, our epidemiological investigation results suggest that lifestyle, nutrition deficient, and infections were major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancers or cervical cancer in Shanxi. Facing a serious situation, we further explored defensible recommendations for the general public in order to promote changes in environments that support healthful eating and physical activity habits, to reduce cancer risk. Conclusions: Our results present the current cancer trends in Shanxi and its related etiologic risk factors and provide a theoretical basis to guide public health efforts to prevent and control cancers in the province.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2020

Usage of EDR(Event Data Recorder) report for traffic accident analysis is currently increasing due to government regulation of EDR data release. Nevertheless, a lot of investigators simply adopt by comparing the number of ignition cycles(crash) at event to the number of ignition cycles(download) without an exact judgment whether event data occurred by this accident or not. In the EDR report, besides ignition cycles, there are many factors such as event record type, algorithm active(rear/rollover/side/frontal), time between events, event severity status(rollover/rear/right side/reft side/frontal), belt switch circuit status, driver/passenger pretensioner/air-bag deployment, PDOF(Principal Direction of Force) by ΔV to be able to decide whether or not to adopt. also the event data is considered enough to vehicle damaged state, accident situation at the scene of the accident. and there is described in "all data should be examined in conjunction with other available physical evidence from the vehicle and scene" in the CDR(Crash Data Retrieval) report. Therefore many investigators have to decide whether or not to adopt after they consider sufficiently to above factors when they are the traffic accident analysis and investigate the causes of a accident on the adopted event data. In this paper, we report to traffic accident investigators notable points and analysis methods on the basis of thousands of cases and the results of one's own experiment in NFS(National Forensic Service).

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1991

내진설계를 하고 있는 나라들이 채택하고 있는 내진해석방법중 가장 일반적인 응답스펙트럽법(Response Spectrum Method)은 지진하중을 정적 수평하중으로 치환하여 정적해석하는 것을 기본으로 하고 있다. 여기서 계산된 대치수평하중은 구조물의 소성화에 따른 비선형거동으로 부터 오는 에너지분산현상 및 감쇠(damping)현상 등을 고려하기 위하여 소위 반응수정계수(behavior factor)란 일정수로 나누어 준다. 응답스펙트럼법에 의한 내진설계의 정확도를 좌우하는 지금까지 사용되어지고 있는 반응수정계수는 정확한 계산값들이 아닌 경험적인 값들이다. 반응수정계수를 해석적으로 결정하기 위해서는 구조물의 극한상태에 대한 정의가 선결되어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 지진하중하에서 강구조물의 한계상태를 기하학적측면과 사용성 측면 및 재료공학적 측면에서 검토하였고 3가지 형태의 구조물을 모델로 하여 반응수정계수를 계산하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2003

The pulse diagnosis is the basic method of oriental medicine diagnosis. But in sasang constitutional medicine, it is said that it's not a major diagnotic method. But we don't have any sasang constitutional study of the pulse diagnosis. So I made this study by research of changing concept of the pulse diagnosis in chinese medical history and Dongyi Suse Bowon (longevity and life preservation in oriental medicine). The conclusion as follows. 1. There were many kinds of the pulse diagnosis in the ancient times, it has developed to simple and effective diagnotic method. Simple and effective is the major point of medical development, the 24 pulse is abridged to Floating Pulse(浮), Deep Pulse(沈), Slow Pulse(遲), Rapid Pulse(數) 2. The latter term of Chosun, the practical study was developed. In the view of the practical study, the pulse diagnosis has a lot of cricical point. Jung Yak-Yong, in his writing Mak Lon(脈論), criticize the pulse diagnosis. 3. In the sasang constitutional medicine, the constitutional diagnosis is very important. The methods of the constitutional diagnosis are three, the way of mind and greed, knowledge and deed, external figure and physical traits. But the pulse diagnosis is one of the way of external figure and physical traits, so we can't diagnose the exact constitution by the pulse diagnosis. 4. Dong-mu conclude that the pulse diagnosis is just the diagnostic way of symptom. But in the clinical situation, the ordinary symptoms are more important than the pulse diagnosis, because it is useful to know the condition of the ingestive food metabolism and the Qi-yack metabolism

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2014

Many reports have shown that the access pattern for geospatial tiles follows Zipf's law and that its parameter ${\alpha}$ represents the access characteristics. However, visits to geospatial tiles have temporal and spatial popularities, and the ${\alpha}$-value changes as they change. We construct a mathematical model to simulate the user's access behavior by studying the attributes of frequently visited tile objects to determine parameter estimation algorithms. Because the least squares (LS) method in common use cannot obtain an exact ${\alpha}$-value and does not provide a suitable fit to data for frequently visited tiles, we present a new approach, which uses a moment method of estimation to obtain the value of ${\alpha}$ when ${\alpha}$ is close to 1. When ${\alpha}$ is further away from 1, the method uses the associated cache hit ratio for tile access and uses an LS method based on a critical cache size to estimate the value of ${\alpha}$. The decrease in the estimation error is presented and discussed in the section on experiment results. This new method, which provides a more accurate estimate of ${\alpha}$ than earlier methods, promises more effective prediction of requests for frequently accessed tiles for better caching and load balancing.