• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2024

Background Hyaluronic acid fillers can be manufactured using various processes. They have multiple properties, including their concentration, degree of modification, and rheological data. Cohesion is one such property to evaluate gel integrity; however, there is no standardized method for calculating this parameter. This study aimed to evaluate different tests for calculating hyaluronic acid cohesion and discuss the importance of hyaluronic acid cohesion as a consideration when selecting fillers. Methods The cohesion levels of five different hyaluronic acid fillers with different rheological properties were evaluated and compared using the drop weight, compression, tack, and dispersion time tests. Results The cohesion tests yielded different results in the samples. Samples 2 and 4 showed approximately two times the number of droplets when compared with Sample 5 in drop weight test. Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were superior to Sample 5 in tack test. Samples 1, 2, and 3 showed cohesive appearances at 95 seconds in most cases in dispersion test. Rheological test results did not reflect the measures of cohesion. Conclusion Although there are no definite standardized tests to evaluate the cohesion of hyaluronic acid fillers, our proposed tests showed similar results for different hyaluronic acid filler products. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cohesion of hyaluronic acid fillers and determine the clinical use of this distinguishing characteristic for clinicians selecting the product of choice. Level of evidence statement: These data are Level IV evidence.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4D호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2006

경부고속철도가 2004년 4월에 개통되어 운행되고 있으며, 이로 인해 교통체계의 변화와 함께 그에 따른 광역교통 네트워크의 변화를 초래하고 있다. 하지만 고속철도가 개통되어 정착단계인 현시점에서 고속철도 이용수요가 당초 목표치의 60%정도밖에 되지 않아 경부고속철도의 도입효과에 의구심을 던지는 견해도 만만치 않다. 고속철도 이용수요가 기대치에 못 미치는 이유로 고속철도의 값비싼 운임 등을 들 수 있으나 그에 못지않게 연계교통체계의 중요성을 지적할 수 있다. 문전수송(door-to-door) 서비스를 갖춘 승용차와는 달리 고속철도와 같은 대중교통은 출발지에서 역까지의 혹은 역에서 목적지까지의 연계교통서비스에 따라 그 이용정도가 크게 달라질 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고속철도 시대에 부응하여 지방대도시 정차역, 특히 동대구역을 중심으로 연계교통시스템의 현황을 분석하고, 다항로짓모형을 이용한 고속철도 연계교통수단 선택모형을 구축하는 것이 목적이다. 고속철도 연게교통수단으로 버스, 지하철, 택시, 승용차, 도보 및 기타로 구분하였고, 모형의 추정결과는 모든 변수들의 파라메타 값이 논리적으로 합당한 부호를 나타내었다. 특히 접근통행시간, 접근통행비용 등이 모두 음(-)의 부호를 가지면서 통계적 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타나 접근통행시간과 접근통행비용이 연계교통수단 선택에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2016

Objectives To investigate the accuracy and scientific validity of the current very low risk factor for hereditary diseases in humans following exposures to ionizing radiation adopted by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The value is based on experiments on mice due to reportedly absent effects in the Japanese atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors. Methods To review the published evidence for heritable effects after ionising radiation exposures particularly, but not restricted to, populations exposed to contamination from the Chernobyl accident and from atmospheric nuclear test fallout. To make a compilation of findings about early deaths, congenital malformations, Down's syndrome, cancer and other genetic effects observed in humans after the exposure of the parents. To also examine more closely the evidence from the Japanese A-bomb epidemiology and discuss its scientific validity. Results Nearly all types of hereditary defects were found at doses as low as one to 10 mSv. We discuss the clash between the current risk model and these observations on the basis of biological mechanism and assumptions about linear relationships between dose and effect in neonatal and foetal epidemiology. The evidence supports a dose response relationship which is non-linear and is either biphasic or supralinear (hogs-back) and largely either saturates or falls above 10 mSv. Conclusions We conclude that the current risk model for heritable effects of radiation is unsafe. The dose response relationship is non-linear with the greatest effects at the lowest doses. Using Chernobyl data we derive an excess relative risk for all malformations of 1.0 per 10 mSv cumulative dose. The safety of the Japanese A-bomb epidemiology is argued to be both scientifically and philosophically questionable owing to errors in the choice of control groups, omission of internal exposure effects and assumptions about linear dose response.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.7011-7016
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• 2013

Background: The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, and the associated incidence of subsequent cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still a public health problem in Thailand, and praziquantel (PZQ) remains the antihelminthic drug of choice for treatment. Evidence in hamsters shows that repeated infection and PZQ treatments could increase the risk of CCA. However, the existing evidence in humans is inconclusive regarding increased risk of CCA with frequency of PZQ intake. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between number of repeated PZQ treatments and CCA in patients with O viverrini infection. Materials and Methods: The reviewed studies were searched in EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed and SCOPUS from inception to October, 2012 using prespecified keywords. The risk of bias (ROB) of included studies was independently assessed by two reviewers using a quality scale from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Risk effect of PZQ was estimated as a pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in the random-effects model using DerSimonian and Laird's estimator. Results: Three studies involving 637 patients were included. Based on the random effects model performed in two included studies of 237 patients, the association between PZQ treatments and CCA was not statistical significant with a pooled OR of 1.8 (95%CI; 0.81 to 4.16). Conclusions: The present systematic review and meta-analysis provides inconclusive evidence of risk effect of PZQ on increasing the risk of CCA and significant methodological limitations. Further research is urgently needed to address the shortcomings found in this review, especially the requirement for histological confirmation.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2023

Objective: Bipolar disorder displays a spectrum of manifestations, including manic, hypomanic, depressive, mixed, psychotic, and atypical episodes, contributing to its chronic nature and association with heightened suicide risk. Creating effective pharmacotherapy guidelines is crucial for managing bipolar disorder and reducing its prevalence. Treatment algorithms grounded in science have improved symptom management, but variations in recommended medications arise from research differences, healthcare policies, and cultural nuances globally. Methods: This study compares Korea's bipolar disorder treatment algorithm with guidelines from the UK, Australia, and an international association. The aim is to uncover disparities in key recommended medications and their underlying factors. Differences in CYP450 genotypes affecting drug metabolism contribute to distinct recommended medications. Variances also stem from diverse guideline development approaches-expert consensus versus metaanalysis results-forming the primary differences between Korea and other countries. Results: Discrepancies remain in international guidelines relying on meta-analyses due to timing and utilized studies. Drug approval speeds further impact medication selection. However, limited high-quality research results are the main cause of guideline variations, hampering consistent treatment conclusions. Conclusion: Korea's unique Delphi-based treatment algorithm stands out. To improve evidence-based recommendations, large-scale studies assessing bipolar disorder treatments for the Korean population are necessary. This foundation will ensure future recommendations are rooted in scientific evidence.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2010

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a distinct disease entity in that its clinical course and response to the treatment are quite different from acute low back pain (ALBP). CLBP is also closely related with systemic or preexisting psychosocial factors rather than focal or localized factors. Since there has been little consensus in practice regarding the proper management of CLBP, clinicians tend to approach and manage patients with CLBP in an empirical manner rather than an evidence-based one. In this article, I will review the difficulties of therapeutic choice in CLBP and provide superior aspects of medical treatment over invasive interventional treatments.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1990

Benign neural sheath neoplasms are not common in the maxillofacial region. These lesions can occur as solitary tumors, or they can affect many sites in the form of multiple neurofibromatosis. A solitary neurofibroma is seldom undergo sarcomatous transformation, since solitary neurofibroma is relatively radioresistant and its recurrence rate seems to be low, the treatment of choice is surgical excision. This case showed a solitary neurofibroma in the left side of the floor of mouth which occurred in a 33 - year -old female. The tumor was excised. And there is no evidence of disease. She is satisfied in function and esthetic aspect.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.5-18
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• 1995

The aims of this study is to analyzed determinants of work-trip satisfaction degrees in six major metropolitan areas. and to derive urban policy implications. As is well -known, the main determinant of travel satisfaction degree is travel time. However, other factors such as travel mode, psychological factor, and priority in residential location choice are also significant ones. The findings imply that transportation problems are deeply related with housing problems in urban areas. This results provides an evidence of the nature of urban problems, i.e. inter-connectiveness among urban problems. Therefore, this study emphasizes that all urban problems should be treated with careful consideration of other related-urban problems.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1989

Many Traditional Algebraic Analyses of preference and choice for a finite set of alternatives have been based on binary choices. They have assumed that the binary preference information given by a decision maker is transitive. However, there is considerable evidence that many relations that might occur as preference relations cannot be presented as transitive relations. To construct transitive binary comparisons from intransitive ones, we suggest the notion of superior set, which helps us to understand the structure of intransitive binary comparisons. We also provide a heuristic method to construct transitive binary comparisons. And some merits merits of the suggested method over the existing methods are also discussed.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 1995

Torsion of the wandering spleen is a rare condition especially in children. Unfortunately, splenectomy was the advocated treatment of choice for wandering spleen in many children up to 1985 in spite of the well-known possibility of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. Because of the conclusive evidence of the vital function of the spleen in infection, indication of splenectomy have been revised and more attention has been paid to preserving the spleen where possible. We are presented a girl with splenic torsion, seen as a migratory abdominal mass and intermittent vague abdominal pain. Splenopexy by fixation of the spleen to the diaphragm and posterolateral peritoneum and the use of Avitene in the splenic bed was successfully performed. Complete fixation of the spleen was confirmed by ultrasound a year after this procedure was carried out. The clinical presentation, etiology, diagnostic procedures and management are discussed also.