• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_2호
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• pp.531-539
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• 1998

This study was carried in Mt. Paektu on the border between North Korea and China. The dominant communities of evergreen broad-leaved trees were Rhododendron aureum community, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica community, Rhododendron redowskianum community and Phyllodoce coerulea community. The evergreen broad-leaved trees investigated consist of a total 34 taxa : 4 forms, 16 varieties, 14 species, 10 genera, 5 families in Mt Paektu and North Korea(in literature). The soil organic matter and available phosphorus were different according to plant community and altitude.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2017

To maintain a rich biological diversity is important to develop for biomaterial resources such as Korean evergreen broad-leaved tree species, the distribution of which is restricted to the southern part of Korean peninsula. We assessed photosynthetic characteristics of Quercus acuta and Castanopsis sieboldii, the representative evergreen broad-leaved trees in Korea, in order to establish a basis for conservation strategy related to distributional change in evergreen broad-leaved tree species according to climate change. Photosynthetic characteristics were evaluated in the sun and shade leaves of the two species. Sun leaves in both species revealed higher light compensation point and maximum photosynthetic rate compared to the shade leaves. In addition, photosynthetic rate was higher in Q. acuta than C. sieboldii, which was supported by a higher leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area. Water use efficiency was also higher in Q. acuta as compared to that in C. sieboldii. Similar photosynthetic rate, however, was shown in photosynthetic response to $CO_2$ concentration in the intercellular space. These results suggest that both species could respond differently to the changing environmental factors including climate change, suggesting the possibility of distributional changes resulting from a differential growth rate.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2006

월출산국립공원 전 지역을 대상으로 146개의 조사구를 설치하여 상록활엽수 개체군 동태를조사한 결과, 월출산국립공원내 자생하는 것으로 확인한 상록활엽수종은 총 13종이었고, 주요 곡간부를 중심으로 최대 해발 450m까지 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 월출산국립공원에 자생하는 상록활엽수중 동백나무, 사스레피나무, 붉가시나무는 식물군락을 이루며 분포하였으나, 참식나무, 모새나무, 차나무, 보리밥나무, 광나무, 자금우는 반상이나 단독 형태로 분포하였다. 지피식물인 마삭줄, 백화등, 송악은 국지적으로 희소하게 출현하였다. 월출산국립공원의 일부 지역에서 소규모 형태로 붉가시나무림이 분포하였고, 상록활엽수들은 소나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락의 임상층에서 주로 분포하고 있었다. 붉가시나무군락은 그 세력이 확장될 것으로 생각되며, 붉가시나무가 생육하고 있는 소나무군락과 낙엽활엽수림군락들은 붉가시나무군락으로 식생천이가 예상된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal sound absorption conditions by comparing the sound absorption characteristics of fresh and air-dried leaves of Quercus glauca, the main species of evergreen broadleaf trees (EBLT) in southern Korea. The sound absorption coefficients (SACs) obtained under 18 conditions were comparatively analyzed. The SAC of air-dried leaves improved significantly with increasing leaf layer thickness. The highest average SAC in the fresh leaf group was 0.617, which was observed under the condition of a leaf specimen size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm² and a leaf layer thickness of 1.75 cm. In a group of air-dried leaves, this was 0.615 under the condition of a leaf specimen size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm² and a leaf layer thickness of 2.50 cm. The maximum value of SAC for each wavelength was observed under the condition of a leaf layer thickness of 2.50 cm consisting of 0.5 × 0.5 cm² leaf specimens, ranging from 1,400 Hz to 1,500 Hz.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2021

This research was conducted to analyze the sound absorption effect of air-dried leaves from two evergreen tree species found in Korea's warm-temperate and subtropical regions. As eco-friendly sound absorption materials, Dendropanax morbiferusa, and Fatsia japonica leaves were prepared in three specimen units sizes 0.5 × 0.5 cm², 1.0 × 1.0 cm², and 2.0 × 2.0 cm², and each of them was formed at a thickness of 1.00 cm, 1.75 cm, and 2.50 cm. The measured sound absorption coefficients (SAC) for 18 conditions were comparatively analyzed in this study. The SAC of both tree species was significantly improved by increasing the dried leaf layer thickness. These results showed a more consistent and distinct trend for both tree species under the condition of 0.5 cm² in dried leaf size compared to other leaf specimen sizes. However, as the thickness increased, the difference in sound absorption effect according to the leaf size tends to decrease overall. In the case of D. morbiferus, there was no significant difference in SAC based on leaf size under the condition of 2.5 cm thickness (p < 0.05). The highest mean SAC was found in a 2.5 cm thick condition with a leaf size of 0.5 × 0.5 cm², 0.549 for D. morbiferusa, and 0.594 for F. japonica, respectively.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2009

본 연구는 공동주택 단지에 온실 형태의 EVERGREEN PARK를 도입하기 위하여 진행하였으며, 단순한 관상을 위한 온실이 아닌, 주민의 적극적인 참여와 활용을 목표로, 사계절 내내 이용 가능한 외부 공간의 구심점으로서 주민의 편의와 유익한 서비스를 제공하고자 하였다. 계획의 주안점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아열대 식물들은 상록활엽성 식물들로 사계절 녹음을 유지하고, 잎의 육질이 두껍고 윤택이 많다. 이런 상록활엽수들이 주 수종인 아열대 식물용 온실을 온대지방에 도입하여 독특하고 고급스런 상록수림을 온대지방 사람들이 이용할 수 있도록 계획하였으며, 최고급의 상록식물상을 매우 저렴한 유지관리 비용으로 이용자들에게 제공할 수 있도록 계획하였다. 둘째, 공동주택단지 내에 도입한 아열대 식물용 온실은 지하연계구조형과 독립 구조형으로서 가온설비 없이 조성하여 지열을 이용하며, 차광 등의 방법을 이용하도록 제시하였다. 셋째, 활용방안으로서 (1) 건강과 휴식(Evergreens, 허브가든, 수 공간), (2) Community와 교육(식물벼룩시장 및 식물병원, 식물관련강좌(전시회), 체험학습프로그램), (3) Vine Garden 등의 운영프로그램을 제시하였으며, 나비축제, Aroma festival, Smile Oak Nuts, 촛불축제, Christmas! Photo Site 등의 4계절 이용방안을 제시하였다. 넷째, 온실의 운영 유지관리는 주민이 중심이 되는 주민차치회 중심 운영관리와 외부전문업체 중심 운영관리의 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2017

Background: Some researchers have attempted to evaluate the ecological function of various additional services, away from the main point of view on the timber production of Korean forests. However, basic data, evaluation models, or studies on the absorption of air pollutants related to major plant communities in Korea are very rare. Therefore, we evaluated the functional value of the forest ecosystem in Gongju-city. Plantation manual for air purification, supplied from the Ministry of Environment in Japan, was referred to process and method for assessment of air pollutant absorption. Results: Gross primary production was calculated about average 18.2 t/ha/year. It was a relatively low value in forests mixed with deciduous broad and evergreen coniferous compared to pure coniferous forest. Net primary production was the highest value in deciduous coniferous and was the lowest value in mixed forest with deciduous broad and evergreen broad. And the mean sequestration amount of each air pollutant per unit area per year assessed from gross primary production and concentration of gas was the highest with 75.81 kg/ha/year in $O_3$ and was 16.87 and 6.04 kg/ha/year in $NO_2$ and $SO_2$, respectively. In addition, total amounts of $CO_2$ absorption and $O_2$ production were 716,045 t $CO_2$/year and 520,760 t $O_2$/year in all forest vegetation in Gongju-city. Conclusions: In this study, we evaluated the absorption ability of air pollutant in 2014 on forest in Gongju-city area. Gongju-city has the broad mountain area about 70.3%, and area of deciduous broad leaves forest was established the broadest with 47.4% of genus Quercus. Pg was calculated about average 18.2 t/ha/year. The mean sequestration amount of each air pollutant per unit area per year assessed from Pg and $C_{gas}$ was the highest with 75.81 kg/ha/year in $O_3$ and were 16.87 and 6.04 kg/ha/year in $NO_2$ and $SO_2$, respectively. Absorption rates of $O_3$, $NO_2$, and $SO_2$ were the highest in evergreen coniferous forest about $14.87kgO_3/ha/year$, $3.30kgNO_2/ha/year$, $1.18kgSO_2/ha/year$, and the lowest were $5.95kgO_3/ha/year$, $1.32kgNO_2/ha/year$, and $0.47kgSO_2/ha/year$ in deciduous broad forest. In conclusion, it was evaluated that Japanese model is suitable for estimating air pollutants in Japan to Korean vegetation. However, in Korea, there is a very limited basic data needed to assess the ability of forests to absorption of air pollutants. In this study, the accuracy of a calculated value is not high because the basic data of trees with similar life form are used in evaluation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1972

A comparison between the productivity of the evergreen needle pine(Pinus densiflora) and of the deciduous broad leaved oak(Quercus mongolica) stands, which is located near Choon-Chun city, Kangwon dist. have been established. The pine stand had a stand density of 938 trees per ha and oak stand had of 638 trees per ha. The diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) of each tree were measured in sample plot of 800$m^2$. Twelve standard sample trees chose from the sample area felled down, and then weighed the stem, branches and leaves separately, according to both the stratified clip technique and the stem analysis. The vertical distribution of photosynthetic system was arranged effectively for high productivity in the productive structure of both trees. The allometric relation between D2H and dry weight of stem (Ws), branches (Wb) and leaves (Wl) of pine were approximated by log Ws=0.6212 log D2H-0.5383 log Wb=0.4681 log D2H-0.7236 log Wl=0.2582 log D2H-5.1567 and those of oak were approximated by log Ws=0.5125 log D2H＋0.0231 log Wb=0.5125 log D2H-0.3755 log Wl=0.8721 log D2H-2.9710 From the above, the standing crops of pine and oak in the sample area were estimated to be as much as 38.83ton and 48.11 ton of dry matter, above ground, per ha, respectively. Annual net production as the sum of the biomass newly formed during one year was appraised at 12.66ton/ha.yr in pine stand and at 8.74 ton/ha.yr in oak. The reason of high productivity of pine stand compared with oak might be resulted from much more about 4 times of the amount of the photosynthetic system, but less non-photosynthetic one of pine than those of oak. To increase the productivity of the forest stands investigated it was necessary to make densly a stand density, to be abundant in the inorganic nutrients and to preserve much water in soil to conserve the litters.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

Seasonal changes in the CO₂ fixation rate and water-use efficiency in the leaves of six evergreen and two deciduous broad-leaved tree species on Jeju Island, Korea, were measured using a portable photosynthesis analyzer, to identify which species are most efficient in taking up CO₂ from the air. The CO₂ fixation rate was high in the deciduous species in spring and summer and decreased in fall, whereas it was high in the evergreen species in summer and fall and decreased in winter. The rate remained high in the deciduous tree Prunus yedoensis from spring to fall (> 7.1 μmol CO₂/m₂/s) and in two evergreen trees, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Cinnamomum camphora, in summer and fall (7.0 9.9 μmol CO₂/㎡/s). Therefore, these tree species fix atmospheric CO₂ effectively. The water-use efficiency was higher in evergreen species than in deciduous species regardless of the season. Exceptionally, it was high in the deciduous species Zelkova serrata in spring and summer (> 100 μmol CO₂/mol H₂O), suggesting that Z. serrata is a useful tree for dry conditions due to its tolerance of water stress. The regressions of the CO₂ fixation rate versus the evaporation rate and stomatal conductance were linear and non-linear, respectively. This suggests that the stomatal activity of leaves plays an important part in CO₂ fixation of plants. In conclusion, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, C. camphora, and P. yedoensis should be planted along roads or in urban spaces for the greening of cities and mitigation of CO₂ concentrations in the air.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

우리나라에 서식하는 오미자과 2속 3종의 종간 및 종내 변리정도와 생장 특성을 구명하기 위하여, 낙엽 활엽성인 Schisandra속의 오미자와 흑미자(자웅동주, 숫그루, 암그루), 상록활엽성인 Kadsura속 남오미자의 엽형질과 생리적 특성을 조사하였다. 잎의 길이 및 폭은 변이의 폭이 커서 종간의 큰 차이를 볼 수 없었으나, Schisandra속이 Kadsura속보다 짧고 넓은 형태를 하였다. 엽병의 길이는 Schisandra속이 Kadsura속보다 길었으며, 특히 흑오미자의 암그루는 남오미자에 비교하여 2배 이상 길었다. 그러나 엽병의 직경은 Kadsura속이 Schisandru속보다 두꺼웠다. 기공의 크기(폭, 길이)는 Schisandra속이 Kadsura속에 비하여 켰으며, 기공밀도는 Kadsura속이 Schisandra속보다 높은 밀도를 나타냈다. 생육환경에 따른 잎의 형태적 변화는 크게 두드러지지 않았으나, 표고가 높아짐에 따라서 흑오미자의 잎이 길어지는 경향을 나타냈다. 엽록소 함량은 종간 및 종내의 변이 폭이 켰으며, 흑오미자가 남오미자 또는 오미자보다 높았다. 광합성 특성은 Schisandra속이 Kadsura속보다 광보상점 및 광포화점이 낮고, 광포화점에서의 광합성속도도 낮았다. 그러나 Schisandra속은 Kadsura속보다 낮은 호흡률을 나타내어 낮은 광도조건에서 더욱 효율적인 생장활동을 영위함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 임내의 어두운 곳에서 생장한 개체는 높의 광도에서 생장한 개체에 비교하여 낮은 광도조건에서 더욱 효율적인 광합성작용을 하고 수행하였다.