• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2018

Due to the recent economic development, the diet style has become more and more westernized in Korea, which increased the concern of our well-beings. Our well-beings are also associated with the gut microbiota which vary depending on the dietary intake. In this study, we compared gut microbiome shifted by two diets: high-fat diets (HFD) and low-fiber diet (LFD) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using MiSeq. Compared to the control diet, LFD and HFD treatments significantly decreased species richness, while there was no difference in species evenness. Both diet treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria (p<0.05), especially the genus Sutterella. Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in HFD groups, where the family S24-7 was decreased most. On the other hand, significant difference between HFD and LFD was seen among Firmicutes, where the abundance of family Lachnospiraceae was lower in LFD groups (p<0.05). PICRUSt-based metabolic difference analyses showed LFD treatment significantly decreased metabolisms of amino acid, carbohydrate and methane (p<0.01). In contrast, HFD significantly increased amino acid metabolism (p<0.05). Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly increased in both treatment groups (p<0.01). Our results suggest that long-term unbalanced dietary intakes induce gut dysbiosis, leading to metabolic and colonic disorders.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2015

The insect community structures between a plantation of Pinus rigida and a secondary forest of Quercus monglica were compared to find out one of the ecological roles of a forest planted in 1960s in a suburban area of Seoul, Korea. We collected the insect samples biweekly from September to November in 2014 by using 5 pitfall traps in both forests. The results of analyzing the community structure index of insects in both forests of P. rigida and Q. Mongolica showed that the species richness was a little higher and species evenness was a little lower in P. rigida plantation, and species diversity and dominance were similar in the two forests. The analysis results of insect community structure at the two forests did not show any significant difference. We conclude that the plantation of P. rigida over 40-50 years could sufficiently perform an ecological function as an insect habitat.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2014

Cotton plants were sampled and ranked according to their resistance to Verticillium wilt. In total, 642 endophytic fungi isolates representing 27 genera were recovered from Gossypium hirsutum root, stem, and leaf tissues, but were not uniformly distributed. More endophytic fungi appeared in the leaf (391) compared with the root (140) and stem (111) sections. However, no significant difference in the abundance of isolated endophytes was found among resistant cotton varieties. Alternaria exhibited the highest colonization frequency (7.9%), followed by Acremonium (6.6%) and Penicillium (4.8%). Unlike tolerant varieties, resistant and susceptible ones had similar endophytic fungal population compositions. In three Verticillium-wilt-resistant cotton varieties, fungal endophytes from the genus Alternaria were most frequently isolated, followed by Gibberella and Penicillium. The maximum concentration of dominant endophytic fungi was observed in leaf tissues (0.1797). The evenness of stem tissue endophytic communities (0.702) was comparatively more uniform than the other two tissues. Eighty endophytic fungi selected from 27 genera were evaluated for their inhibition activity against highly virulent Verticillium dahliae isolate Vd080 in vitro. Thirty-nine isolates exhibited fungistasis against the pathogen at varying degrees. Seven species, having high growth inhibition rates (${\geq}75%$), exhibited strong antifungal activity against V. dahliae. The antifungal activity of both volatile and nonvolatile metabolites was also investigated. The nonvolatile substances produced by CEF-818 (Penicillium simplicissimum), CEF-325 (Fusarium solani), CEF-714 (Leptosphaeria sp.), and CEF-642 (Talaromyces flavus) completely inhibited V. dahliae growth. These findings deepen our understanding of cotton-endophyte interactions and provide a platform for screening G. hirsutum endophytes with biocontrol potential.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.561-572
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• 2017

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 1992

This study was conducted to clarify the distribution pattern of macrobenthic soft-bottom dwelling animals near the shellfish farming ground in Chinhae Bay, Korea Sampling was seasonally performed with van Veen grab$(0.1m^2)$ from October 1990 to July 1991. Benthic animals collected during the study comprised 107 species which amounted to 6,978 individuals: 52 species from polychaetes$(48.6\%)$, 34 species from crustaceans$(31.8\%),$ 14 species from molluscs$(13.1\%)$ and 7 species from other faunal groups$(6.5\%)$. The dominant species were four polychaetes and one amphipod: Lumbrineis longifolia, Capitella capitate, Mediomastus sp., Sigambra tentaculata and Erictonius pugnax. The study area could be divided into 3 regions based on the faunal similarity which was closely related to the content of organic matter in the surface sediment. The benthic community located near the shellfish farming ground showed large spatial and seasonal variations in species diversity and evenness in contrast to the stable values off the farming area. The oxygen deficient water mass below 2 ml/l In thi bottom layer during the summer stressed and depauperated the benthic community in the autumn of 1990. However, the benthic community did recover during the winter. It is postulated that the cyclic phenomenon of summer mortality followed by winter recovery may be a common characteristic in benthic communities subjected to a high level of organic pollution.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-246
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• 2011

This study was performed to know and compare the community structures of macrobenthic invertebrates of eight fishing grounds in the coastal waters of Jeju Island from September to October 2008. A total of 166 species was identified. Mollusks comprised 77 species (46.4%); Arthropods 24 (14.5%), Cnidarians 18 (10.8%); Poriferans 16 (9.6%); and the others including Echinoderms 33 (17.7%). Density and biomass were estimated to be 6,905 ind./$m^2$ and 113,100.7 gwwt/$m^2$, respectively. Gastropods was the most dominant taxon in terms of abundance (3,311 ind./$m^2$) and number of species as well, and Gastropods was predominant in biomass (55,789.2 gwwt/$m^2$). The dominant species were Omphalius pfeifferi, Astralium haematragum, Turbo cornutus, Ergalatax contraacta, Lithophaga cura, Anthocidaris crassispina, Herdmania monus in 5-15 m. Based on the cluster analysis, the study area could be divided into two station groups. The biodiversity, evenness and richness index appeared as follows: H' = 1.59-2.95, E' = 0.38-0.87, R = 3.3-10.4. The dominance index were highest in Daepo and lowest in Woljeong.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.695-707
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• 2019

This study was intended to suggest the appropriate vegetation management methodology by analyzing phytosociology for ecotourism resources. We carried out the classification and interpretation of the vegetation structure and the analysis of the relationship between communities and environmental conditions in Pocheon valley, Mt. Gaya. The vegetation in Pocheon valley was composed of 5 communities: Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community, Larix kaempferi-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora-Castanea crenata community, and Salix gracilistyla-Phragmites japonica community. The Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community was further segmented into two types according to the differences of composition species and location of habitats. The methodologies that satisfy both the use of nature for ecotourism resources and the sustentation of natural vegetation are as follows: - maintenance the present vegetation (dominance species) by strictly avoiding artificial management in the tree layer; - maintenance of the existing vegetation structure through the artificial management of the usual vigorous tree species when the species in the shrub layer grow up to the subtree layer; and - continued artificial management to maintain high balanced diversity and evenness of various species in shrub and herb layers.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.202-225
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• 2017

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has gained a lot of significance over the years as a means of income generation. Forests are playing a vital role in the supply of these products, however, due to their continuous extraction, the population of many species might have depleted. Very little information is known about community structure and population status of NTFPs. No specific studies have been made to find out the occurrence, availability of species and population status in the forests, supplying the resources. The present study has been carried out in community forests of the naturally occurring NTFPs in the temperate forest of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. The main aim is to determine community structure, species composition and population status of NTFPs. Three forest stands viz., Nyilii, Dura and Gyachi were selected which are used by the Apatani tribe for extraction of the NTFPs. For evaluation of species composition and community characteristics, the sampling of the vegetation was done using the quadrat method. A total 137 species representing 68 families and 116 genera were recorded. Herbs represent the maximum diversity with 71 species followed by 35 shrub species and 31 tree species. The families Asteraceae and Rosaceaeae exhibited maximum representation followed by Urticaceae. The species under Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were found to be important NTFP yielding species. Highest species richness was recorded in Nyilii having 124 species, while lowest in Dura with 102 species. Density of tree, shrub and herb ranged between 376 to $456\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$, 2848 to $3696\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$ and 31.44 to $36.64\;individuals\;m^{-2}$, respectively. The total basal area was found to be highest ($51.64m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in Dura followed by Nyilii ($25.32m^2\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in Gyachi ($22.82m^2\;ha^{-1}$). In all the three study stands the species diversity indices showed the trend, herbs > shrubs > trees while the evenness index showed the trend as shrubs > herbs > trees. The overall species similarity index was highest (82.35%) between Dura and Gyachi. About 80% of the total recorded species showed clumped distribution while, no regular distribution was shown by any species. The three selected stands harbor about 50 important NTFP yielding species which are being used commonly by the Apatani people in their day to day life. Among the three study sites, overall diversity of NTFP was found highest in the Nyilii stand while the density of population was found better in Dura and Gyachi stands. The population of many species was found to be low due to continue harvesting without any sustainable management by the communities. All the selected forest stands have the potentiality to grow the high value NTFP yielding species and if managed properly, they can support the livelihood and economy of the local communities.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2001

The ichthyofauna and the structure of fish community were surveyed from June to August in 2000 at four stations of the Wondong marsh, Yangsan city in Kyungnam province. During the study period, 24 species belonging to eight families were collected. Cyprinid fish occupied 62.5% (15 species) and cobitid and centrarchid fish 8.3% (each 2 species). According to relative abundance in the whole marsh, Z. platypus (23.2%) was dominant species and S. gracilis majimae (14.2%) was subdominant species. M. salmoides (9.6%), C. auratus (8.3%), P. herzi (8.3%), M. yaluensis (6.5%), M. anguillicaudatus (4.0%), L. macrochirus (3.4%), P. parva (2.8%), R. ocellatus (2.5%), C. brevicauda (2.5%), C. sinensis (2.5%) and O. platycephala (2.2%) were common species and C. carpio, A. rhombeus, H. labeo, S. variegatus wakiyae, S. chankaensis tsuchigae, Z. temmincki, O. bidens, S. asotus, C. herzi, R. brunneus, C. argus were rare specieswhich occupied less than 2.0% in relative abundance. Six species of S. variegatus wakiyae, S. chankaensis tsuchigae, S. gracilis majimae, M. yaluensis, C. herzi and O. platycephala in observed species were known as endemic species. By analyzing of fish community in the surveyed area, the species diversity and evenness of the fishes were high but dominance was low. And the similarity of the fish species among the sites was mid-grade as more than 0.55 in index.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2009

This study conducted a comparative analysis between Koreans and foreigners on how they feel of the 'Oreum' so that the data could be used to conserve and utilize 'Oreum' as a brand of Jeju, which is one of the natural and original sceneries of the island along with Halla Mountain. Four aerial photo slides were selected to be assessed among 18 overlooked views of 'Oreums' through quasi-preliminary and preliminary surveys. The assessment group was divided into native and foreigner groups. Image and preference were measured based on 7 step categorization on 26 adjectives, and factor analysis was implemented. The selected factors from factor analysis reflected that calmness was recognized as common image identification variable to natives and foreigners. However, foreigners choose 'dynamics', 'peculiarity' and 'grandeur' in order to explain the image while Koreans selected words in the order of 'attractiveness', 'grandeur', 'dynamics' and 'peculiarity'. This means Koreans identify the image of 'Oreum' as absolute beauty while foreigners see the dynamics and relative peculiarity as its attractive point. As a result of factor score, preference and multiple regression analysis, Koreans selected 'calmness', 'attractiveness' and 'dynamics' as important variables to explain preference. On the other hand, foreigners choose 'dynamics' and 'calmness' as well as 'evenness', 'peculiarity' and 'simplicity'. This represents that foreigners are highly influenced by the structural peculiarity and simplicity on the image preference.