• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2013

In this paper, the design concept of a low-temperature vacuum blackbody was described, and thermophysical model of the blackbody was numerically evaluated. Also the working performance of low-temperature vacuum blackbody was evaluated using infrared camera system. The blackbody system was constructed to operate under high-vacuum conditions ($2.67{\times}10^{-2}$ Pa) to reduce temperature uncertainty, which is caused by vapor condensation at low temperatures usually below 273 K. In addition, both heat sink and heat shield including cold shield were installed around radiator to prevent heat loss from the blackbody. Simplified mathematical model of blackbody radiator was analyzed using modified Stefan-Boltzmann's rule. The infrared radiant performance of the blackbody was evaluated using infrared camera. Based on the results of measurements, and simulation, temperature stability of the low-temperature vacuum blackbody demonstrated that the blackbody system can serve as a highly stable reference source for the calibration of an infrared optical system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.134-140
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• 1989

A clinical evaluation was made on total 207 cases of corrosive esophageal stricture after ingestion of various corrosive substances and 173 cases of neoplasms in the esophagus and the cardia. The various complications associated with esophageal corrosion were observed on 28 cases [13.5%] in a total of 207 cases. Pathoanatomic findings of complication may be classified to the five category as follow; [1] stenosis in the pharynx due to adhesion of the epiglottis, [2] esophagobronchial fistula, [3] esophageal perforation with bougienation, [4] necrotic rupture of the esophagus and the stomach, and [5] so-called chronic corrosive gastritis. The comparative studies were done on a total of 165 cases of the various procedures of esophagoplasty to the reconstruction of the esophagus, which consists of antethoracal esophagoplasty with jejunum, retrosternal esophagoplasty with jejunum, retrosternal esophagoplasty with right colon, and retrosternal esophagoplasty with left colon. There is no hard and fast rule in selection of jejunum, right colon or left colon as the transplanting bowel and an operative method either antethoracal or retrosternal approach. When there was no possibility of the complication and no any defect of the anatomical states, one stage retrosternal esophagoplasty using right colon was better in various points of view. The 173 patients of the neoplasm of the esophagus consist of 28 cases of benign tumors and 145 cases of malignant tumors in the esophagus and cardia. 28 cases of benign tumors in the esophagus received the surgical treatment and they obtained with excellent results postoperatively. Of the 145 patients of esophageal carcinoma who received surgical managements, 101 cases [69.6%] were found to be operable and 44 cases [30.3%] were inoperable. Due to the various level of carcinoma in the esophagus, the following different surgical procedure was properly used case by case to get the best results in each case. Esophageal carcinoma in the upper and middle third segment received the total esophagectomy and the reconstruction of the esophagus using right colon by substernal procedure. Esophageal carcinoma in the lower third segment received an esophagojejunostomy in the mediastinum after the resection of lower third segment of the esophagus. Carcinoma in the esophago cardia and the stomach received also an esophagojejunostomy after the resection of the lower third segment of the esophagus and subtotal gastrectomy. For the 44 patients with inoperable carcinoma, the several palliative surgical managements such as gastrostomy or jejunostomy for feeding and esophagojejunostomy for bypass of the lower esophagus and the stomach were properly performed case by case for their maximum improvement.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.63
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

From the beginning of the construction stage, the fire protection regulation for the nuclear power plants conforms to the design requirements for the acquisition of the license permit. This regulation is based on the plant status of the normal operation, but it is not enough to be used as an application standard for fire protection at the transient mode of the plant and the outage time for refueling as well as for the plant decommissioning. While the advanced fire protection requirement that has been developed in America recently suggests the performance-based requirement and management rule applicable to the overall life time of the plant, it simply represents the conceptual application. It means that it can not be treated as appropriate standards because it does not deal with the qualitative and quantitative approach in specific ways. By the way, with the use of the performance-based fire risk analysis, the dynamic behavior of the heat and smoke at the fire compartment of the nuclear power plants can be analyzed and the thermal effect to the safety-related equipment and cables can be evaluated as well. At this paper, it suggests the ways to change the applicable fire protection regulations and the required evaluation items for the fire risk resulted from the plant configuration change with an intent to introduce the state-of-the-art quantitative fire risk analysis technology at the domestic nuclear power plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.108-116
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• 2002

This paper presents the measurements and evaluation of voltage waveforms due to human electrostatic discharge(ESD). The principle of operation and design rule of a new device for measuring the ESD fast transient voltages with very fast rise time were described. Peak values and rise time of ESD voltages derived from a charged human body under a variety of experimental conditions were examined. The frequency bandwidth of the proposed voltage measuring system ranges from DC to 400[㎒]. The ESD voltage waveform is nearly equal to the ESD current waveform and the peak amplitude of ESD current waveform is roughly proportional to the ESD voltage in each experimental conditions. A rapid approach results in a discharge voltage with a faster initial rise time than for a slow approach. The voltages caused by direct finger ESDs have an initial slope with a relatively long, 10∼30[ns] rise time, but the amplitude is small. On the other hand, the voltages caused by direct hand/metal ESDs have a steep initial s1ope with 1 ∼3[ns] rise time, but an initial spike is very big. As a consequence, it was found that the ESD voltage and current waveforms strongly depend on the approach speed and material of intruder. These measurement results would be useful to design the ESD protective devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2014

There are many image processing based algorithms and applications that fail when illumination change occurs. Therefore, the illumination change has to be detected then the illumination change occurred images need to be enhanced in order to keep the appropriate algorithm processing in a reality. In this paper, a new method for detecting illumination changes efficiently in a real time by using local region information and fuzzy logic is introduced. The effective way for detecting illumination changes in lighting area and the edge of the area was selected to analyze the mean and variance of the histogram of each area and to reflect the changing trends on previous frame's mean and variance for each area of the histogram. The ways are used as an input. The changes of mean and variance make different patterns w hen illumination change occurs. Fuzzy rules were defined based on the patterns of the input for detecting illumination changes. Proposed method was tested with different dataset through the evaluation metrics; in particular, the specificity, recall and precision showed high rates. An automatic parameter selection method was proposed for contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization method by using entropy of image through adaptive neural fuzzy inference system. The results showed that the contrast of images could be enhanced. The proposed algorithm is robust to detect global illumination change, and it is also computationally efficient in real applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1992

The digital map database is often produced for multiple purposes, including mapping at multiple scales; it is increasingly rare that a base map is digitized for mapping at a single scale. The most important problems in process of line simplification in map generalization and multiple representation is that tolerance value selected for simplifying base map information must be modified as feature geometry varies within the digital file to ensure both accuracy and recognizability of graphic details on a generalized map. In this study, we explored various algorithms regarding to line simplication at many scales from a single digital file, and presents a rule by which to determine those scale at which line feature geometry might be expected to change in map representation. By applying two measured of displacement between a digitized line and its simplification, five algorithms have been evaluated. The results indicate that, of the five, the Douglas-Peucker routine produced less displacement between a line and its simplification. The research has proved to automating map simplification, incorporating numeric guidelines into digital environment about what magnitude and variation in geometric detail should be preserved as the digital data is simplified for representation at reduced map scales.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.336-340
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• 2007

국내 산업 및 기능적 측면에서 중추역할을 수행하고 있는 부산 울산 인천 등 전체 도시의 40%를 이루고 있는 해안도시들이 하천범람과 같은 홍수피해, 해일피해 등에 대한 체계적인 대비가 전무한 실정으로서 본 연구는 모형화 기법을 이용하여 해안도시홍수 경보발령 기준안을 도출하고 이를 실 수문관측 자료를 이용한 검정을 통해 경보발령 기준안의 문제점을 파악하여 그 개선방향을 제시하였다. 대상유역은 대표적 해안도시하천의 특성을 지니고 있는 부산시 온천천유역으로 강우-수위 관측 모니터링 시스템을 구축, 운영을 통해 10분 간격 강우 및 수위 자료를 구축하였으며, 수위 자료는 수위 유량 관계곡선을 이용하여 유량으로 환산하였다. 미계측 상태에서의 수리 수문 모형화를 통해 도출된 경보발령기준안에 대한 평가 및 문제점 도출을 위해 본 연구는 유역내 실시간 수문관측을 통해 얻은 강우 및 유출 특성 자료를 이용하였다. 대상 유역내 경보발령 지점인 세병교 지점의 20분 누가기준 경보발령 기준우량은 한계수위 $H_{c1},\;H_{c2},\;H_{c4}$인 경우 각각 4mm, 5mm, 6mm로서 20개월 동안 이러한 기준을 이용하여 관측된 강우사상 중 경보발령 기준안의 평가가 가능한 26개의 강우사상을 분류할 수 있었다. 그 결과 약 60%의 강우사상(case_1)이 성공한 경보발령 기준우량 임을 관측할 수 있었으며 이러한 발생강우에 대해 $20{\sim}150$분의 대피여유시간을 확보할 수 있었다. 그러나. 경보발령에 실패한 40%의 강우사상은 발생 강우의 총강우량이 대체적으로 적은 경우 및 지속기간 동안 경보발령기준에 준하는 강우를 발생하였으나 수위에 영향이 미비하여 한계수위에 도달하지 못한 경우(case_2), 20분 누가강우는 기준에 도달하지 않았으나 강우 지속시간이 길어 이미 선행강우로 인해 경보발령 이전에 한계수위를 넘어서는 경우(case_3)로서 분석되었다. 이러한 실패한 경보발령의 경우에 대한 원인분석 결과, 기존의 모형화를 통해 고려되지 못하였던 해안도시 홍수의 특성 중 총강우량에 대한 고려, 선행강우 여부 및 강우 지속시간, 지속시간 내 강우집중도 그리고 선정지점 내 조위의 영향과 유역내 합류식 하수관거 시스템의 영향 등 자연유역과는 다른 다소 복잡한 요소를 고려한 해안도시홍수 경보발령 기준에 대한 개선이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

Lately, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV), Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS) or also often known as drones, as a data acquisition platform and as a measurement instrument are becoming attractive for many photogrammetric surveying applications, especially generation of the high density point clouds(HDPC). This paper presents the performance evaluation of a low-cost rotary wing quadrocopter UAS for generation of the HDPC in a test bed environment. Its performance was assessed by comparing the coordinates of UAS based HDPC to the results of Network RTK GNSS surveying with 62 ground check points. The results indicate that the position RMSE of the check points are ${\sigma}_H={\pm}0.102m$ in Horizonatal plane, and ${\sigma}_V={\pm}0.209m$ in vertical, and the maxium deviation of Elevation was 0.570m within block area of ortho-photo mosaic. Therefore the required level of accuracy at NGII for production of ortho-images mosaic at a scale of 1:1000 was reached, UAS based imagery was found to make use of it to update scale 1:1000 map. And also, since this results are less than or equal to the required level in working rule agreement for airborne laser scanning surveying of NGII for Digital Elevation Model generation of grids $1m{\times}1m$ and 1:1000 scale, could be applied with production of topographic map and ortho-image mosaic at a scale of 1:1000~1:2500 over small-scale areas.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two zolpidem tartrate tablets, Stilnox tablet(Sanofi-aventis Korea, reference product) and Zanilo tablet(ChoDang Pharm Co., Ltd., Korea, test product), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). After adding an internal standard(cimetropium), 250 ${\mu}L$ plasma samples were extracted using 1.3 mL of ethyl acetate. Extracted compounds were analyzed by HPLC with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. This method for determination of zolpidem is proved accurate and reproducible with the limit of quantitation of 1 ng/mL in human plasma. Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the zolpidem tartrate dose of 10 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was one-week washout period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of zolpidem were monitored for over a period of 8 hr after the administration. $AUC_{0-t}$(the area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. $C_{max}$(maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$(time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{0-t}$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bio-availability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptable range of log 0.8 to log 1.25(e.g., log 0.92-log 1.06 for $AUC_{0-t}$, log 0.96-log 1.13 for $C_{max}$). The major parameters, $AUC_{0-t}$ and $C_{max}$ met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that Zanilo tablet is bioequivalent to Stilnox tablet.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.260-274
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to reveal the backgrounds, process, and evaluation of the "Forest Survey Project(1910)" and to determine the influence of the "Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea(1910)", which was based upon the results of the project, on forest policy in the early period of the General-Government of Korea. The forest survey project was conducted by two Japanese, Kiuchi and Saito, to understand the forest distribution in the Korean Peninsula by ownership and stand. However, the accuracy of the project was very low due to the lack of budget and time. Especially, village forests and special easement forests in the northern peninsula were classified into the Nation Forest without Administration caused by the informality and arbitrariness of the survey. Nevertheless, the General-Government of Korea used the results of the survey for establishing the forest policy on the classification of the forest land ownership in Korea at that time. The "Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea(1910)" was based upon the results of the survey as mentioned above. The comments was realized as colonial forest policy through the Forest Ordinance in 1911 and a series of policies consolidating the modern forest ownership. To conclude, the "Forest Survey Project" was used to establish colonial forest policy in the early of the General-Government of Korea while its accuracy was truly low. Moreover, the "Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea" had a great influence on the formulating the directions and details of colonial forest policy in Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism.