• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.548-555
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• 1992

The biological activities of fruits of Poncirus trifoliata have been studied. 70% Ethanol extract of Ponciri Fructus was fractionated with ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol by turns. The ether fraction showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and inhibited the contractability of the isolated mice ileum. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed the anti-edematous effect on the carrageenin-induced edema of rat hindpaw. From the n-butanol fraction, one of the flavonoid glycoside was isolated and identified as poncirin. Ponciri Fructus contained about 6% poncirin which was 5,7-dihydroxy-4´-methoxy flavanone rhamnoglucoside and poncirin showed antiinflammatory activities. Poncirin was considered as the major effective component of Ponciri Fructus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 1996

4-year-old fresh ginseng was stored for 12 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$ under the CA storage and samples were withdrawn after every 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks for processing of red ginseng. Antloxidative and cytotoxic activities of steamed red ginseng for the quality evaluation are summarized as follows: Reducible activity of water extract to 1, 1-dipenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl increased with increasing storage period. Antioxldative activity of red ginseng did not change in petroleum ether fraction, while it had a tendency to increase In the fractions of ethyl ether and ethyl acetate with increasing storage period. in contrast to fresh ginseng, malonaldehyde formation In heparin mlcrosome of red ginseng processed from fresh ginseng stored In CO2:O2:Nl (6:4:90) with a 0.5% DF-100 immersion condition decreased but was not changed significantly by the period of storage. Cytotoxic activity against cancer cell at a 40 mg/ml concentration of red ginseng slightly increased with an increase in storage period but no effect was observed at the concentration less than 10 mg/ml.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 1994

The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts isolated from barley leaves was investigated by measuring peroxide value. The fractions of methanol extract obtained from preparative TLC was also studies, with UV-Visible spectrum, total phenol contents and hydrogen donating ability(HDA) The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts was, in decreasing order, methanol> ethyl ether> methylene chloride $\geq$ ethyl acetate $\geq$acetone> hexane. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract was, in decreasing order, fraction 2> fraction 3> fraction 1 and their activity was all superior to that of tocopherol at 500 ppm level. All fraction(1, 2 and 3) exhibited a strong UV absorption at 280 m which would be specifically produced by phenolic compound. UV absorption at 280 m of fraction 2 was greater than those of fraction 1 and 3. In the visible spectrum of these fractions, the maximum .absorption wavelengths of fraction 1, 2 and 3 were 660, 460 and 460 m, respectively. Antioxidant activity of barley leaves seemed to be due to the flavonoids containing phenolic group by UV spectrum and total phenol content.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Cutellaria baicalensis George extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Cutellaria baicalensis George was extracted with methanol at room temperatures, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Cutellaria baicalensis George was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Cutellaria baicalensis George extracts was determined using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The synergistic effect has been found in combined extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George and Portulaca oleracea as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The ethyl acetate extract of Cutellaria baicalensis George showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. The 4,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Cutellaria baicalensis George retarded the growth of S. aureus more than 24 hours and Shigella dysenteriae up to 36 hours. The ethyl acetate extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George has been shown the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.277-281
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Fraxinus rhynchophylla extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Fraxinus rhynchophylla was extracted with methanol at room temperatures, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Fraxinus rhynchophylla was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Fraxinus rhynchophylla extracts was determined using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The synergistic effect has been found in combined extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Portulaca aleracea as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The ethyl acetate extract of Fraxinus rhynchophylla showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. The 4,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Fraxinus rhynchophylla retarded the growth of S. aureus more than 24 hours and Shigella dysenteriae up to 36 hours. The ethyl acetate extracts of Fraxinus rhynchophylla has been shown the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2014

Ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii; Korean name, pijogae) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed shellfishes in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of ark shell. After preparing the methanol extract of ark shell powder, the extract was subsequently fractionated by hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water. The antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power was relatively higher in the water fraction; however, the activity was spread out in all fractions. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was the highest in the diethyl ether fraction. Taken together with the results of both antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, it can be suggested that different kinds of physiological compounds were contained in the ark shell.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.215-220
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• 2017

Xanthium strumarium L. is an annual plant belongs to the family Asteraceae which is is called a 'Cocklebur' that is used for medicinal purposes. Convergent phyto-activity of various extracts of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was examined. We estimated antioxidant activity from ground part and fruit extract of X. strumarium using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ABTS assay. The extract of X. strumarium was separated each fraction that of ethanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. It showed potent radical scavenging effect against the DPPH radical and ABTS. The study revealed that X. strumarium could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.333-337
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• 2002

To develope food preservative, antimicrobial activities of Pinus densiflora (PD) ethanol extract against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Listeria monocytogenes Brie I and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 were investigated. The ethanol extracts of PD showed strong antimicrobial activities on Listeria monocytogenes. The crude ethanol extracts of PD were further fractionated by ether, ethyl acetate and butanol. The ether fraction from ethanol extract showed the strongest antimicrobial effects on Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth containing 40 mg/mL ether fractions compared with other fractions. The effect of ethanol extract of pinus densiflora against Listeria monocytogenes culture for growth stage in tryptic soy broth at 35$^{\circ}C$ showed the strongest antimicrobial activites for lag phase. The morphological changes of the cells were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the cells were injured by treatment of 40 mg/mL ethanol extract of Pinus densiflora.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

The antimicrobial substances from Rhodiola sachalinensis were extncted, isolated and identified. The highest level of antimicrobial activity and its yield were obtained in methanol extract. The minimum inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract were 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL on agar plate and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL in broth media for four gram positive and four gram negative microbials. The methanol extract was fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol, orderly. The separate was developed on the TLC plate with different solvent system ratio of chloroform and methanol. Nine substances were isolated from chloroform and methanol mixture(9:1, v/v). Among them, three isolates showed antimicrobial activity. Three substances separated by HPLC were identified by GC/MS(EI) spectrum and $^1$H, /sup13/C-NMR spectrum. They were gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activities of each substances were shown gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol orderly.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 1998

Previously, the methanolic extract of Paeonia moutan seeds was found to potently inhibit soybean lipoxy-genase (SLO). Hence to isolate SLO inhibitor, the defattd methaniolic extract of the seeds was consecutively partitioned wiht ether, ethyl acetate,n-butanol ,adn water. The ether souble fraction showing strong inhibitory activity against SLO was further fractionated into a strongly acidic, a weakly acidic, and a neutral fractions. The strongly acidic components of the ether extract were successively subjected to chromatography on a silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Four phenolic compounds were isolated , and twio of them showing a strong SLO inhibition activity were identified as luteolin (IC50=2.32$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'- dimethoxylflavone (IC50=0.31$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) by UV, IR, 1H-& 13C-NMR, and MS spectroscopy. In addition, two flavonoids showed significantly antioxidative activity as strong as that of of $\alpha$-tocopherol (p<0.05) in the autoxidation system of linoleic acid. These results suggest that luteolin and 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy-flavone may be used as a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents with antioxidative activity.