• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.685-688
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• 2001

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of benzidine (BZ), N-acetyl benzidine (ABZ) and N,N-diacetyl benzidine (DABZ) in rat urine. BZ, ABZ and DABZ were extracted from urine at pH 8 with ethyl ether. Conjugated urinary metabolites were extracted at pH 8 after hydrolysis with 1 M HCl for 30 min at 100 $^{\circ}C.$ The dried extract was dissolved in 100 ${\mu}{\ell}$ of ethylacetate and then injected in gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) system without further purification or modification. BZ, ABZ and DABZ have good chromatographic properties and offer very sensitive response for the EI-MS (SIM) without any derivatization. The recoveries for BZ, ABZ and DABZ were about 98.0, 81.8 and 71.4%, respectively, at pH 8.0 and the concentration of 5.0 ng/mL. The coefficients of variation of BZ and ABZ were less than 9.5% from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL and that of DABZ was less than 13% in the same concentration range. The detection limits of the assay were 0.01 ng/mL for both BZ and ABZ, and 0.05 ng/mL for DABZ in urine or plasma 1.0 mL.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2010

A foliage contact herbicidal substance was separated from ethyl ether fraction in n-hexane extract of Saussurea lappa roots and identified as dehydrocostus lactone [(3aS,6aR,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[5,4-d]furan-2-one](DHCL). When DHCL at 4,000 ppm was foliage-applied to two grasses and two broadleaf plants, greater than 85% necrotic injury was obtained from large crabgrass, maize and soybean, whereas only about 40% necrotic injury appeared in black nightshade, indicating that DHCL has no gross morphological selectivity, but shows difference in contact response among the plant species tested. Conductivity in incubation medium of the leaf disks treated with DHCL increased as the incubation time continued. Relatively low contact injury in black nightshade as compared with the other three plant species tested was attributed to decrease in absorption of DHCL due to relatively high amount of cuticle. DHCL did not require light in the herbicidal action and there were no inhibitory effects on seed germination and cell elongation. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity was inhibited by 30% and 58% at $100\;{\mu}M$ and $1000\;{\mu}M$ DHCL, respectively. These results suggested that the herbicidal action of DHCL was related with inhibition of fatty acid synthesis which in turn caused to weaken cell membrane integrity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.462-468
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• 1994

Extraction yields of Hizikia fusiforme with four kinds of solvents and $0{\sim}90\%$ ethanol solutions, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Alternaria sp. were investigated. Determination of extraction yield with several solvents showed the highest value, $33\%$ (wt/wt), when distilled water was used. However, the extraction yields by hexane, ethyl ether and ethanol were less than $1\%$ (wt/wt). When dried Hizikia fusiforme was extracted at various concentrations of ethanol, 0 to $50\%$ solution gave similar yields and the extraction yields decreased rapidly as the ethanol concentrations increased above $70\%$, Ethanol-extract demonstrated antimicrobial activities against E. coli and B. subtilis, and ethyl ether- and hexane-extracts against E. coli. 70 and $90\%$ ethanol-extracts had potent antimicrobial activities against E. coli, and B. subtilis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.295-304
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• 2005

Recently, arbutin, oil soluble licorice extact (GLY), ascorbyl glucoside (AA2G), and ethyl ascorbyl ether (EAE) have been widely used as functional whitening ingredients. To Investigate which combination between the above agents could be more effective for whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 melanoma cells were investigated. Both GLY and arbutin dose-dependently inhibited purified tyrosinase activity. The inhibitory effects of GLY with AA2A or EAE on Drosinase activity were more potent than those of GLY alone, whereas that of arbutin with other ingreadients did not show those effects. In MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 melanoma cells, the mixture of Gly and EAE more significantly reduced melanin formation than Gly alone. Stability of mixture of GLY, arbutin, AA2A and EAE exposed at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C\;or\;45^{\circ}C$ for 30 days were also investigated. All of the combinations of whitening agents did not show any critical changes in their composition stability. These data suggest that the combination of GLY and vitamin C derivatives such as AA2G and EAE may be useful for the promotion of whitening effect.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

In this study, the chemical constituents of bulb from Lilium lancifolium and Lilium tsingtauense were investigated. The content of moisture, crude protein and fiber of bulb from L. tsingtauense was higher than that of L. lancifolium, whereas the content of crude ash and nitrogen free extract of bulb from L. lancifolium was higher than that of L. tsingtauense. HPLC analysis revealed that total free sugar and amino acid content of bulb from L. tsingtauense was higher than that of L. lancifolium. There was no remarkable difference in proximate composition between the two species. The content of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid was 1.93 mg% and 0.25 mg% in ethyl acetate fraction of L. lancifolium, on the other hand, 2.94 mg% and 0.46 mg% in ether fraction of L. tsingtauense. These results suggest that the bulb of L. tsingtauense can be considered as promising oriental medicine resource likewise L. lancifolium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.458-463
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dandelion leaf (Taraxacum officinale) extracts on hepatic antioxidative system in high cholesterol-fed rats. Four groups of rats were given high cholesterol diets containing 10 g cholesterol/kg and 2.5 g sodium cholate/kg for 6 weeks. The control group received a diet without dandelion leaf extract and the other three groups received dandelion leaf extracts, ie, water, ethyl acetate and ether extracts, respectively. There were no significant difference in cytochrome P-450 contents among four groups. Hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was significantly lower in water extract group than the other three groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in three dandelion leaf extract groups, but catalase activity was significantly higher in three dandelion leaf extract groups than control group. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly increased in water extract group than control group. Lipid peroxide content was decreased in water extract group than control group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.450-455
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• 1998

Pine has been known as a traditional medicinal plant and as showing a physically beneficial function to a human being. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the physiological activities of main pine neddles. Ethanol extracts from pinus needles did net exhibit any mutagenicity. On the contrary, inhibitory effects of ethanol extract were observed on mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-1) and benzo(a)pyrene $(B({\alpha})P)$ using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. On direct-acting mutagen (MNNG, 4NQO) and indirect-acting mutagen (Trp-P-1, $(B({\alpha})P)$, we observed higher inhibitory effect. Stepwise fractionation of the ethanol extract was done by using ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water to obtain effective fraction. Among them, water fractions $(100\;{\mu}g/plate)$ of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis showed high inhibition of 91.65%, 94.7%, 84.22% and 79.02%, respectively, on the mutagenicity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3795-3802
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• 2012

Cochinchina momordica seeds (CMS) have been widely used due to antitumor activity by Mongolian tribes of China. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we found that an EtOAc (ethyl ester) extract of CMS (CMSEE) induced differentiation and caused growth inhibition of melanoma B16 F1 cells. CMSEE at the concentration of $5-200{\mu}g/ml$ exhibited strongest anti-proliferative effects on B16 F1 cells among other CMS fractions (water or petroleum ether). Moreover, CMSEE induced melanoma B16 F1 cell differentiation, characterized by dendrite-like outgrowth, increasing melanogenesis production, as well as enhancing tyrosinase activity. Western blot analysis showed that sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAP accompanied by decrease in ERK1/2 and JNK dephosphorylation were involved in CMSEE-induced B16 F1 cell differentiation. Notably, 6 compounds that were isolated and identified may be responsible for inducing differentiation of CMSEE. These results indicated that CMSEE contributes to the differentiation of B16 F1 cells through modulating MAPKs activity, which may throw some light on the development of potentially therapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.989-993
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• 2006

The antimicrobial substance from Pyrola japonica were extracted and isolated. Eighty percent ethanol extract of dried Pyrola japonica was fractionated to hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and aqueous layer. The hexane-soluble fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis. Moreover the hexane layer was fractionated into 5 groups by silica gel column chromatography. From the results, group No. 2 ($18{\sim}40$ fractions) showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The group was re-separated to 10 fractions by preparative thin layer chromatography and the peak I as active fraction was isolated by HPLC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1099-1105
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• 2007

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the anticancer activity of Styela plicata. Freeze-dried S. plicata was extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water, and then anticancer effect of the extracts was measured by the MTT reduction assay and phase-contrast microscopy on the HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Among the extracts, acetone extract showed the highest anticancer activity. The cell proliferation rates markedly decreased by 94.0% at the concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ of acetone extract compared with control cells. The acetone extract was further fractionated with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The HT-29 cells with hexane layer extract (250 ${\mu}g/mL$) decreased the cell viability to 5.1% of untreated control. The growth of SW620, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells was decreased to about 10%, by the treatment of hexane layer extract 250 ${\mu}g/mL$. Theses results suggest extracts from S. plicata as possible natural cancer therapeutic material.