• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Prophylactic and curative behaviors of Panax ginseng components (95%, 50% ethanol ext., ginsenoside Re and Ginsana G 115) on the hepatomegaly, lipid peroxidation of the thioacetamide-intoxicated animals in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Ginsenoside Re and Ginsana G 115 significantly decreased in the lipid peroxide formation : the 95% ethanol extract and ginsenoside Re, in the zinc sulfate turbidity test. Besides these investigations, the preventive effect of ginseng components on the degranulation of mast calls in the guinea pig mesentery by compound 48/80 and venom toxin (Agkistrodon piscivourus) was also examined. All ginseng components subjected to this experiment were affected significantly at the different degrees.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1987

The effects of ethanol extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis, Polggonatum officinale, Poria cocos, Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax sessiliflorum on the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were examined and following results were obtained. By the administration of these extracts, PCBs intoxicated rats showed the normalizing tendency in body weights and various hematological parameters-counts of red blood cell and white blood cell, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value. These extracts ameliorated the elevated levels of serum cholesterol, total lipids, $_{8}-GOT-,\;_{8}-GPT$ and s-alkaline phosphatase activities of PCBs intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 1984

A ginseng preparation consisting of ginseng ext., lycii fructus ext., four vitamins and caffeine was chosen and its efficacy was evaluated with respect to nutritional supplement, antifatigue activity and liver protective action. Animals administered orally in both one-third and three fold doses of the preparation showed no significant increments of their body weights when compared with those of the normal animals, suggesting no supplemental activity. However, the preparation in the above two doses significantly prolonged swimming time to 53 and 63%, respectively. Ginseng and lycii fructus ext. were found to be responsible for the antifatigue activity. And also the preparation significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation of mouse liver after ethanol-induced acute intoxication.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1978.09a
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• pp.13-17
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• 1978

This paper is concerned with the studies on the effective components of anti-oxidant activity, with a view to demonstrate the anti-aging activity of Korean ginseng. Feeding the extract of Korean ginseng or its effective component to mice inhibited strongly the induction of lipid peroxidation produced by ethanol intoxication. From the extract of Korean red ginseng, one effective component Compound A, mp.143, $C_6H_6O_3$ was isolated by chromatographic purification and its chemical structure was determined as 2-meth-y1-3-hydroxy-${\gamma}-pyrone(maltol).$

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.500-505
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• 2001

Puerariae Radix is one of the medicinal plants used in oriental medicine for hangover, It has been claimed for several pharmacological effects including anti-alcohol abuse, antidipsotropic activity and anti-alcohol intoxication. In connection with Puerariae Radix effects, an activity-guided purification of active substance on alcohol dehydrogenase (hnH) was carried-out. The most active compound was isolated as puerarin (C$_{21}$H$_{20}$ O$_{9}$ ), molecular weight 416. Puerarin inhibited ADH noncompetitively against ethanol or NAD$^{+}$./.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

Objectives : Alcohol-related liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture(GLP) could protect against chronic liver injury induced by ethanol intoxication in rats. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, control, normal saline pharmacopuncture(NP), and GLP, with 8 animals in each. Each group, except normal, received ethanol orally. The NP and GLP groups were treated daily with NP and GLP respectively. The control group was not treated. All rats except the normal group were intoxicated for 4 weeks by oral administration of EtOH(6 g/kg BW). Two acupuncture points were used: Qimen($LR_{14}$) and Taechung($LR_3$). Body weight, histopathological analysis, liver function, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and immunohistochemistry were assessed. Results : GLP reduced the histological changes due to chronic liver injury induced by EtOH and significantly reduced the increase in the alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) enzymes. It significantly reversed the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the catalase activities(CAT). It also significantly decreased BAX and increased Bcl-2 immunoreactivity expression. Conclusions : This study showed the protective efficacy of GLP against EtOH-induced chronic liver injury in SD rats by modulating ethanol metabolizing enzymes activity, attenuating oxidative stress, and inhibiting mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.117-119
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• 1984

To find toxic components in Korean higher fungi, the carpophores of Naematoloma fasciculare which had caused several cases of lethal intoxication were examined for toxicity. The components of high molecular weight were separated by ethanol precipitation and dialysis from the aqueous extract of the carpophores. After the components were freeze-dried, a brown powder was obtained. When a dose of 60mg/kg of this macromolecular fraction was intraperitoneally injected into mice, the mice began to die in six days and a half of them died within seven days. This toxic component was named nematoxin after the genus name of the mushroom.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.674-679
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• 2002

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continues to be a focus of research in human and various species. The main human exposure is via the dietary route. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Cornu Cervi Parvum extract on clinical parameters and hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat (SD rat) accutely exposured to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Male SD rats received single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of TCDD (40 ㎍/kg), and administered 10 or 20 mg/kg/day of the ethanol extract oral injection for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD treatment. The gain in body weight was less in group treated with TCDD than in CON group, while that of C/H+ TCDD group (Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day) increased. The decrease in spleen and testis weight caused by TCDD was prevented by Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day. The fluctuation in BUN content, WBC and platelet count by TCDD intoxication were significantly attenuated by the ethanol extract treatment (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). Treatments of rats with the extract (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) were significantly reduced AST and ALT levels compared with TCDD-treated group. Moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed in TCDD-treated animals (TCDD group). The administration of EtOH extract 10 or 20 mg/kg along with TCDD significantly alleviated the liver histopathological alteration induced by TCDD. These results suggest that Cornu Cervi Parvum extract can be useful as a protective agent against TCDD, an endocrine disruptor.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1981

Relatively little has been done on the metabolic changes of the lung produced by the excessive alcohol ingestion to the point of the acute alcohol intoxication. In the present study, an effort was made to clarify the possible changes of the pulmonary surfactant system by the acute alcohol ingestion. The dynamic pulmonary compliance and the levels of protein and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) of both lung lavage and extract were chosen as the parameters of the pulmonary surfactant activities. The albino rats of both sexes were used, and 1.5 ml of 50% ethanol per 100 g body weight was given by oral intubation, and the experiment was performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the alcohol ingestion. The rat was sacrificed by cutting the carotid arteries, and blood sample for the determination of hematocrit(Hct) and the blood alcohol concentration was obtained. Both lungs were completely removed without dammage to the lung tissue, and the pulmonary compliance was measured by the changes of pressure-volume(P-V) curves by inflating or deflating the lung with air. Immediately after the P-V curves were recorded, the lung lavage was obtained by washing the lobes with 15ml of isotonic saline 3 times with a syringe. Next, total lungs were homogenized and filtered to obtain the lung extract. The protein and Pi levels were measured using the lung lavage and extract as the samples, and the lung/body weight ratio(L/B ratio) was also calculated. The results thus obtained were compared with the normal values and summarized as follows. The blood alcohol concentration reached the highest level of $0.71{\pm}0.02\;g\;%$ at 1 hr and gradually decreased until 24 hrs$(0.36{\pm}0.02\;g%)$ after the alcohol ingestion, but all the experimental groups showed significant increase comparing with the normal. The highest Hct value was obtained at 1hr$(64.86{\pm}2.45%)$ and significantly elevated value was continued throughout the experiment. The L/B ratio was significantly lowered from 3hrs until 24hrs after the alcohol ingestion but from 6 th hr on, a generally elevated value was observed with a significant value at 12 hrs and gradual recovery to the normal value at 24 hrs after the alcohol ingestion. The pulmonary compliance at inflation and deflation did not change appreciablly from the normal until 3 hrs after the alcohol ingestion but from 6 th hr on, a generally elevated value was observed with a significant value at 12 hrs and gradual recovery to the normal value at 24 hrs after the alcohol ingestion. The protein level of the lung lavage stowed a significantly increased value of $12.36{\pm}0.35\;mg/gm(3rd hr)$, $12.70{\pm}0.74\;mg/gm(12 th hr)$, and $12.65{\pm}0.88\;mg/gm(24 th hr)$, respectively, comparing with the normal value of $10.65{\pm}0.62\;mg/gm$, and the Pi level also showed a similar tendency of significant increase at 12th hr $(7.65{\pm}0.63\;{\mu}mol/gm)$ and 24 th hr$(6.70{\pm}0.36\;{\mu}mol/gm)$ comparing with the normal value of $5.32{\pm}0.20\;{\mu}mol/gm$. The protein level of the lung extract in the alcohol group was generally similar to the normal value with a slight decrease at 1st and 3 rd hr, tut the Pi level of the lung extract was generally increased in the alcohol group, and a significant increase was observed at 6 th hr$(17.77{\pm}1.54\;{\mu}mol/gm)$, 12 th hr$(13.92{\pm}0.78\;{\mu}mol/gm)$ and 24 th hr$(14.57{\pm}0.53\;{\mu}mol/gm)$ of the alcohol ingestion comparing with the normal value of $10.34{\pm}0.37\;{\mu}mol/gm$. From the above, it may be concluded that the acute alcohol intoxication produces the metabolic changes of the lungs by the increased surfactant activities and elevated pulmonary compliance.