• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2013

In order to improve oyster farming condition, estimation of food availability (CC) was carried out in Garorim Bay, Seosan, Korea. The primary production of the waters were ranged from 0.07 to $0.26gC/m^2/day$. A strong tendency was observed that the inner side of the bay was higher at primary production. Estimated food availability was ranged from 0.0424 to 1.655. Temporal shortage in food supply was observed at April with about 15% less than the oysters' requirement, which may be causative of spat mortality after introducing into the farms. Food availability was met the food demand during summer but significant shortage was also observed at after August, which may main causative of retarded oyster fattening in the waters. This study suggested that adjustment of cultural density may be necessary for the improved harvesting of the oyster.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2009

To develop a sustainable management model for oyster farming in Pukman Bay, Korea, we estimated the carrying capacity for oyster farming using food availability data. Optimal culture densities were calculated to be 124-133 individuals per unit flux area ($m^2$) and 310-330 individuals per string. The present annual production is approximately 1,038 tons/year, which is 87% of the estimated maximum yield of 1,193 tons/year. Therefore, considering annual fluctuations and a critical buffer to reduce ecological impacts, the current level is within optimal conditions. During periods of increased water temperature, energy demand was largely met by high primary production. The food supply significantly decreased as the harvest season approached, and 10 out of 21 oyster farms had a deficient food supply for at least 1 month. Therefore, these farms (39% of the farms within the bay) exceeded optimal densities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This paper reveals both the operational situation and the cause of the error occurred in wind turbine generator system of Hangwon wind farm in Jeju island. The four wind turbines were selected for this work, and the monitored period was for six months. Wind resource in the wind farm was analyzed, and the estimated energy production was compared with the actual energy production. As a result, with a decrease of system error, the estimated energy production was in good agreement with the actual energy production. The errors occurring in components such as gearbox and hydraulic motor affected the Availability of the wind turbine. Also, poor external conditions such as a strong wind, lightning and gust caused a standstill of wind turbines.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is one of high price medical equipment wished to grasp propriety factor about the MRI introduction, analyzing payability through cost accounting into compensation. It was investigated from January 1 to December 31, 2007 about the MRI of a General Hospital. Expectation availability was 23.2 cases, but actual availability did achievement more than 196.1% with 45.5 items. It is estimated that there are a lot of occurrence cases because great reasons that actual availability increases more than expectation availability is excellent resolving power than a CT, and is device that prefer to reason back that radiation damage is less in person body. The followings show the main results of this study. 1. The MRI was construed in order of cost accounting, wave and personnel expenses 45.4%, administrative expenses 53.0%, and material costs 1.6%. 2. According to CVP (Cost-volume-profit) analysis, BEP (Break Even Point) profit is 173,931,428 won for 11 months, and break even usage number of items are 37.5 cases, and separation usage number of items were confirmed by 1.4 cases. Therefore, was construed that can achieve BEP within 11 months though usage number of items keeps 1.4 items day to create the MRI's hospital operation profit. 3. Estimated limit profitability appears high by 96.7%, exceed fixed charges even if when is non-benefit and when it is benefit consider variable, is judged that the MRI's addition induction helps in hospital management enhancing earning rates.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07f
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• pp.2129-2131
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• 1997

A sensorless controller of induction motor has several advantage: availability in a harsh environment. In this paper, the speed information is driving from the currents and the estimated stator flux. To obtain the estimated stator flux, this study is using The Estimator. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has activity over a wide speed range and good response to load variations

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.509-511
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• 1997

A sensorless controller of induction motor has several advantage availability in a harsh environment. In this paper, the speed information is driving from the currents and the estimated stator flux. To obtain the estimated stator flux, this study is using the Estimator. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has activity over a wide speed range and good response to load variations.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1473-1480
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• 2008

This article deals with a case study on evaluating RAM(Reliability, Availability and Maintainability) performance of the door systems. The RAM performance is analysed based on the field data. The definition and category of failures of the door systems are presented and reliability for each categories is predicted with field data. MTTR(Mean Time To Repair) is estimated through the replacement time of line replaceable units(LRU). The availability is predicted based on the estimated reliability and maintainability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1078-1082
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• 2010

The substantial trace mineral usabilities of seven seaweeds for nutrient evaluation have been studied. As the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) bound trace minerals have been known to be indigestible, these contents were excluded in the digestible trace mineral contents evaluation. Therefore, those four trace mineral contents in seven seaweeds and their NDF-bound contents were estimated. Consequently, the NDF-bound Zn, Cu and Mn contents, except Fe, in seven seaweeds were between 10 and 20% of total trace mineral contents, thus 80~90% of seaweeds trace minerals were observed to be substantially digestible. Although the average estimated availability of Fe in the seaweeds were relatively low, those Zn, Cu and Mn were high in relative to those total contents. Thus, even with consideration of their digestibility, seaweeds could be one of good sources of trace minerals for human nutrition because of their high availabilities of Zn, Cu and Mn.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 1999

The effects of dry roasting whole faba beans (WFB) and whole lupin seeds (WLS) at 110, 130 or $150{^{\circ}C}$ for 15, 30 or 45 min on rumen (RDCP%), estimated intestinal (IDCP%) and total tract disappearance of CP (TDCP%) and intestinal availability (IARUCP%) of rumen undegraded CP (RUCP%) were determined. The RDCP values were estimated by in sacco technique by incubating nylon bags for 8, 12 and 24 h in the rumen of dairy cows. The IDCP and IARUCP values were estimated using a sequence of ruminal incubation, in vitro incubation in acid-pepsin for 1 h and then in pancreatin for 24 h of three-step in vitro procedure technique. Dry roasting at 130 and $150^{\circ}C$ decreased RDCP with correspondingly increasing IDCP. The IDCP value generally increased from 12.3(raw) to 8.6, 14.8 and 39.6% (WFB) and from 28.3 (raw) to 33.7, 36.2 and 56.2% (WLS) at 8 h rumen incubation; from 2.9 (raw) to 2.9, 4.6 and 23.3% (WFB) and from 19.6 (raw) to 19.0, 24.0 and 46.6% (WLS) at 12 h rumen incubation; from 1.3 (raw) to 1.9, 1.7 and 11.0% (WFB) and from 4.4 (raw) to 4.2, 10.7 and 36.7% (WLS) at 12 h rumen incubation as the temperatures rose to 110, 130 and $150{^{\circ}C}$ respectively. The TDCP values were always high and increased by time in the rumen, the average values of which were 97.9, 96.6; 99.2, 96.9 and 99.6, 98.7% for WFB and WLS, respectively, at 8, 12 and 24 h rumen incubation. But within the same retention time, TDCP was generally unchanged. The average IARUCP increased from 87.3 (raw) to 87.4, 88.7 and 92.0% (WFB); from 87.6 (raw) to 88.9, 91.5 and 93.0% (WLS) at roasting temperatures of 110, 130 and $150{^{\circ}C}$, respectively. It was concluded that dry roasting can shift the digestion of CP from rumen to the lower gastrointestinal tract without depressing the digestion of RUCP. The best processing condition in this study was dry roasting at $150{^{\circ}C}$ for 45 min in terms of effects on the disappearances and availability of CP. Research data on intestinal availability of individual amino acids need to be further investigated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 1997

Ruminal degradation characteristics and intestinal availability of crude protein (CP) in four animal-origin feeds (fish meal, meat meal, viscera meal, feather meal) were estimated by mobile nylon bag technique. Three ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein dairy cows (average body wt. 550kg) fed a diet containing 40% concentrate and 60% orchard grass hay on a dry matter (DM) basis. Assuming that the outflow rate of diet in rumen is 5% per hour (k =0.05), contents of quickly degradable CP (QDP), slowly degradable CP (SDP), and undegradable CP (UDP) in the rumen were 27.6%, 9.4%, 63.0% for fish meal, 34.3% 28.1%, 37,6% for meat meal, 43.9%, 12.5%, 43.6% for viscera meal, and 14.4%, 15.8%, 69.8% for feather meal, respectively. Intestinal CP degradability was 51.0% for fish meal, 27.2% for meat meal, 37.9% for viscera meal and 56.2% for feather meal. Available UDP in the intestinal tract was contained 288 g, 217 g, 246 g and 423 g per kilogram DM of diet in fish meal, meat meal, viscera meal and feather meal, respectively.