• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

원격장기 전이를 동반한 식도암 환자에서 아직까지 정립 된 효과적인 치료는 없는 실정이며, 환자의 전신수행능력에 따라 전신 항암화학요법 또는 대증 요법이 시행되고 있다. 저자들은 진단 당시 고립성 골 전이를 동반한 식도암 환자에서 항암화학방사선 요법으로 완전관해를 이룬 드문 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 57세 남자가 약 2개월 전부터 시작된 진행하는 연하곤란 및 체중감소를 주소로 내원하였다. 환자는 상부 위장관 내시경 검사 및 영상의학적 검사를 통해 5번째 흉추에 고립성 전이를 동반한 식도편평세포암으로 진단되었다. 연하곤란의 완화를 위하여 2달간 항암화학방사선 요법을 계획하였으며, 원발성 식도암 병변에 대한 방사선 조사 범위에 흉추의 골전이 병변이 포함되어 원발성 병변과 함께 흉추에 대해서도 항암화학방사선 요법을 시행하였다. 동시 항암화학요법이 끝난 뒤에 4주기의 추가 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 추적관찰 전산화 단층촬영 및 양전자방출단층촬영에서 이전에 관찰되었던 원발성 식도암, 식도주변의 림프절 병변 및 흉추의 골 전이 병변은 더 이상 관찰되지 않았으며, 추적 내시경 조직 검사상암세포는 관찰되지 않았다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2011

사이모신 베타 4와 관련 단백질인 HIF-$1{\alpha}$ 및 VEGF의 발현을 여러 인간 암 조직에서 tissue microarray를 사용하여 조사하였다. 사이모신 베타 4는 골육중, 대장 선암, 식도 편평세포암, 신장 및 방광의 이행세포암, 폐암 및 간암에서 많이 발현되었으며 HIF-$1{\alpha}$은 비강 역위성 유두종, 폐암 및 식도 편평세포암에서 강한 발현을 보였으며 대체로 발현되는 양상이나 위치가 사이모신 베타 4와 일치하는 것으로 관찰되었다. VEGF는 암 조직에서보다 암조직에 분포된 혈관내피에서 강하게 발현되는 양상을 나타내었으며 암세포에서는 사이모신 베타 4나 HIF-$1{\alpha}$에 비해 강하게 발현되지 않았다. 위암, 간 혈관육종, 담낭 선암과 자궁 내막 선암에서 적당 수준의 VEGF 발현이 관찰되었으며 VEGF의 발현 양상 및 위치는 위암, 골육종, 지방종, 폐암, 간암, 담낭 선암, 식도 편평세포암, 대장 및 직장암, 신세포암을 포함하는 특정 암에서 사이모신 베타 4 및 HIF-$1{\alpha}$와 일치하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1392-1397
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• 1996

지난 2년동안 식도암 환자 6례, 식도협착 환자 1례에서 식도절제술후 유리공장 이식수술을 시행하였다. 환자들은 부분 식도절제술과 함께 기능적 경부청소술 또는 종격동 임파절 절개을 시행하였다. 유리공장이식술은 대개 경부식도 질환에서 경부혈관을 이용하여 시행되어 왔으나, 저자들은 늑간동정맥을 이용하여 3례 에서 공장이식을 하였다. 수술후유증은 이식괴사 1례, 문합부 누출 1례 였다. 유리공장이식술은7명의 환자중6명의 환자에서 성공하였가. 늑간동정 맥을 이용하면 흉부 식도 질환에서도 유리공장이식술을 할수 있으며, 5명의 환자는 현재 추적관찰 중이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2012

Objective: This study aimed to explore the differences in the curative and side effects of chemoradiotherapy on esophageal cancer (EC) among Xinjiang Han, Uigur and Kazakh patients. Methods: 170 patients with IIA stage-IV of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Based on different nationalities, they were divided into the Han, Uigur and Kazakh groups. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates, incidence of the side effects (including hematological toxicities, radioactive esophagitis and percutaneous reactions) and application of antibiotics and harmonics were compared among the groups. There was no significant difference in the short-term curative effects among the Han, Uigur and Kazakh groups. The 1- 2- and 3-year survival rates of the three groups were 84%, 40%, 26%; 78%, 27%, 18%; and 60%, 21%, 12% ($x^2$=14.497, P<0.05). The incidence rate of hamatological toxicity ${\geq}$Grade 2 in the Kazakh group was significantly lower than that in the Han or Uigur group. Results: The incidence rates of radioactive esophagitis and percutaneous reactions Grade 2 in the Han group were significantly higher than those in the Uigur or Kazakh group. There was no significant difference in the types of applied antibiotics among the groups, but there were significant differences in the days of antibiotic application and proportion of patients receiving harmonics between the Hans and either of other groups. Conclusion: Chemoradiotherapy shows a better effect in the long-term survival rate among Han EC patients compared with Uigur or Kazakh EC patients. Uigur and Kazakh patients show a better tolerance to the side effects of chemoradiotherapy compared with Hans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.797-802
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of perfusion computed tomography (CT) for response of local advanced esophageal carcinoma to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Before any treatment, forty-three local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were prospectively evaluated by perfusion scan with 16-row CT from June 2009 to January 2012. Perfusion parameters, including perfusion (BF), peak enhanced density (PED), blood volume (BV), and time to peak (TTP) were measured using Philips perfusion software. Seventeen cases received definitive radiotherapy and 26 received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The response was evaluated by CT scan and esophagography. Differences in perfusion parameters between responders and non-responders were analyzed, and ROCs were used to assess predictive value of the baseline parameters for treatment response. Results: There were 25 responders (R) and 18 non-responders (NR). Responders showed significantly higher BF (R:34.1 ml/100g/min vs NR: 25.0 ml/100g/min, p=0.001), BV (23.2 ml/100g vs 18.3 ml/100g, p=0.009) and PED (32.5 HU vs 28.32HU, P=0.003) than non-responders. But the baseline TTP (R: 38.2s vs NR: 44.10s, p=0.172) had no difference in the two groups. For baseline BF, a threshold of 36.1 ml/100g/min achieved a sensitivity of 56%, and a specificity of 94.4% for detection of clinical responders from non-responders. Conclusions: The results suggest that the perfusion CT can provide some helpful information for identifying tumors that may respond to radio-chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3015-3023
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• 2012

The mitochondrial antioxidant protein manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may represent a new type of tumor suppressor protein. Overexpression of the cDNA of this gene by plasmid or recombinant lentiviral transfection in various types of cancer leads to growth suppression both in vitro and in vivo. We previously determined that changes in MnSOD expression had bidirectional effects on adriamycin (ADR) when combined with nitric oxide (NO). Radiation induces free radicals in a manner similar to ADR, so we speculated that MnSOD combined with NO would also have a bidirectional effect on cellular radiosensitivity. To examine this hypothesis, TE-1 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells were stably transfected using lipofectamine with a pLenti6-DEST plasmid containing human MnSOD cDNA at moderate to high overexpression levels or with no MnSOD insert. Blastidicin-resistant colonies were isolated, grown, and maintained in culture. We found that moderate overexpression of MnSOD decreased growth rates, plating efficiency, and increased apoptosis. However, high overexpression increased growth rates, plating efficiency, and decreased apoptosis. When combined with NO, moderate overexpression of MnSOD increased the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells, whereas high MnSOD overexpression had the opposite effect. This finding suggests a potential new method to kill certain radioresistant tumors and to provide radioresistance to normal cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3519-3524
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• 2014

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It has been hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence, we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrent tumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and the observations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: All patients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients had intake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than the other better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showing low grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likely to show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showed Oct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissue samples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05). Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinical background or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifying putative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivo existence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties by tumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatment failure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3183-3186
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• 2013

Purpose: The 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual for esophageal cancer (EC) categorizes N stage according to the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), irrespective of the site. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of subcarinal LN metastasis in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 507 consecutive patients with ESCC was conducted. Potential clinicopathological factors that could influence subcarinal LN metastasis were statistically analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also performed to evaluate the prognostic parameters for survival. Results: The frequency of subcarinal LN metastasis was 22.9% (116/507). Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor length (>3cm vs ${\leq}3cm$; P=0.027), tumor location (lower vs upper/middle; P=0.009), vessel involvement (Yes vs No; P=0.001) and depth of invasion (T3-4a vs T1-2; P=0.012) were associated with 2.085-, 1.810-, 2.535- and 2.201- fold increases, respectively, for risk of subcarinal LN metastasis. Multivariate analyses showed that differentiation (poor vs well/moderate; P=0.001), subcarinal LN metastasis (yes vs no; P=0.033), depth of invasion (T3-4a vs T1-2; P=0.014) and N staging (N1-3 vs N0; P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors. In addition, patients with subcarinal LN metastasis had a significantly lower 5-year cumulative survival rate than those without (26.7% vs 60.9%; P<0.001). Conclusions: Subcarinal LN metastasis is a predictive factor for long-term survival in patients with ESCC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2021

Background: Major intraoperative hemorrhage reportedly predicts unfavorable survival outcomes following surgical resection for esophageal carcinoma (EC). However, the factors predicting the amount of blood lost during thoracoscopic esophagectomy have yet to be sufficiently studied. We sought to identify risk factors for excessive blood loss during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for EC. Methods: Using simple and multiple linear regression models, we performed retrospective analyses of the associations between clinicopathological/surgical factors and estimated hemorrhagic volume in 168 consecutive patients who underwent VATS-type esophagectomy for EC. Results: The median blood loss amount was 225 mL (interquartile range, 126-380 mL). Abdominal laparotomy (p<0.001), thoracic duct resection (p=0.014), and division of the azygos arch (p<0.001) were significantly related to high volumes of blood loss. Body mass index and operative duration, as continuous variables, were also correlated positively with blood loss volume in simple linear regression. The multiple linear regression analysis identified prolonged operative duration (p<0.001), open laparotomy approach (p=0.003), azygos arch division (p=0.005), and high body mass index (p=0.014) as independent predictors of higher hemorrhage amounts during VATS esophagectomy. Conclusion: As well as body mass index, operation-related factors such as operative duration, open laparotomy, and division of the azygos arch were independently predictive of estimated blood loss during VATS esophagectomy for EC. Laparoscopic abdominal procedures and azygos arch preservation might be minimally invasive options that would potentially reduce intraoperative hemorrhage, although oncological radicality remains an important consideration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.647-651
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• 2012

Aim: An epidemiological study was conducted based on an esophageal cancer patient's cohort to investigate the association of folate intake and MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the prognosis of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: 167 patients aged 37-75 years who had histological confirmed diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer were collected from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2008. MTHFR genotypes at the C677T site were analyzed by PCR-based RFLP methods, and the folate intake was computed by multiplying the food intake (in grams) and the folate content (per gram) of food in our questionnaire. Results: We found associations between the prognosis of esophageal cancer and smoking status, T and N stages. Individuals carrying the MTHFR 677CT and TT genotypes showed a shorter survival time than with the CC genotype, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.20 (0.56-2.15) and 2.29 (1.30-4.28), respectively. Similarly, those carrying MTHFR 677T allele had a 1.86-fold risk of death. A higher folate concentration showed a significant decreased risk of death, with an HR (95% CI) of 0.45 (0.18-0.87). Individuals with high folate intake and the MTHFR 677CC genotype showed a significant decreased risk of esophageal cancer (0.43, 0.25-0.89).Conclusion: Our findings supports the hypothesis that high folate intake and active MTHFR C677T polymorphism may exert protective roles in the prognosis of esophageal cancer in the Chinese population.