• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extract (SCE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SCE (300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW) or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days. On day 14, each animal, except those belonging to the normal control group, were injected with t-BHP (0.8 mmol/kg BW/i.p.), and all of the rats were sacrificed 16 h after t-BHP injection. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in AST and ALT levels were observed among the TC and SCE groups, the high-dose SCE group showed a decreasing tendency compared to the TC group. However, erythrocyte SOD activity showed a significant increase in the low-dose SCE group compared with the TC group. On the other hand, no significant differences in hepatic total glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed among the TC and SCE groups. Hepatic histopathological evaluation revealed that pretreatment with SCE resulted in reduced t-BHP-induced incidence of lesions, such as neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In particular, treatment with a high dose of SCE resulted in induction of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzyme expression, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we conclude that SCE exerts protective effects against t-BHP induced oxidative hepatic damage through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration, swelling of liver cells, and necrosis. In addition, SCE regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes independent of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2008

We located a group of healthy young males (aged $20{\sim}30$) who had been taking a high dose (more than 5 g) of vitamin C daily for more than one year. We observed that this vitamin C group had plasma levels of vitamin C that were more than three times that of the control group. The control group had not taken any additional vitamin C except for that included in their diets. But the vitamin C group showed significantly lower amounts of Cu/ZnSOD, catalase and glutathione-s-transferase and lower activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocyte lysates than the control group. However, there was no difference in the plasma levels of lipid peroxides between the two groups. These results suggest that vitamin C offsets its own contribution to anti-oxidant activity by repressing the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and also excludes the possibility that vitamin C acts as a pro-oxidant in vivo.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1244-1252
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin and minerals in the patients with alcoholic liver disease and to obtain the materials for nutritional education for alcoholics. The subjects consist of 80 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC) and 12 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL). The control group included 57 alcoholics without liver disease(A), 32 patients with viral liver cirrhosis(VLC) and 194 normal men(NL). Biochemical evaluation of nutritional status was investigated by the analysis of blood samples. The frequency of vitamin B1 deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups as indicated by the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient were 46.0%, 66.7% and 57.9% respectively. The frequency of vitamin B2 deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups as indicated by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient were 9.8%, 8.3% and 38.6% respectively. Vitamin A deficiency was not detected in the alcoholic subjects. The frequency of vi tamin E deficiency in ALC, AFL and A were 96.3%, 66.7% and 86.0% respectively. The levels of plasma lipid peroxidation products were significantly higher in the alcoholic subjects than in the normal subjects. The frequency of subjects below normal range of hemoglobin were 85.0% in ALC, 50.0% in AFL and 31.6% in A. The frequency of copper deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups were 48.4%, 16.7% and 17.5% respectively. The frequency of zinc deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups were 83.8%, 41.7% and 66.7% respectively. Overall, the vitamin and minerals status of the alcoholic subjects in this study was evaluated to be very poor on the basis of biochemical assessments. The results suggest that alcohol abuse and poor dietary intake could cause malnutrition and may be important risk factors in causing alcoholic liver disease in alcoholics. In addition, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, Cu, Fe and antioxidant supplementation may be effective in nutritional therapy for chronic alcoholics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.1003-1012
• /
• 1996

We examined the relationship among riboflavin intake, work activity, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient(EGR AC)and urinary riboflavin excretion. We also attempted to determine factors affecting seasonal riboflavin status of rural women. All information about nutrient intake, work activity and riboflavin biochemical status was repeatly collected in three seasons ; farming season(June), harvest season(October), nonfarming season(February). EGR AC was negatively correlated with riboflavin intake(P<0.005) and positively correlated with the duration(min) of farming activity(P<0.005) and the percentage of lean body mass(LBM) (%) representing long term physical activity(P<0.05) in harvestseason. Urinary riboflavin excretion was positively correlated with the ratio of riboflavin intake to 1,000kcal of energy expenditure (P<0.05) in farming season and negatively correlated with the duration(min) of farming activity (P<0.05) and crude nitrogen balance(P<0.005) in harvest season. It appeared that EGR AC seems to increase and urinary riboflavin excretion seems to decrease as work activity increase. Therefore work activity would be expected to deteriorate riboflavin status. Multiple regression analysis of variables showed that in general EGR AC was affected by riboflavin and energy intakes, energy expenditure, energy balance, the duration(min) of farming activity, LBM (%). Urinary riboflavin excretion was affected by riboflavin and protein intakes, LBM(kg) and crude nitrogen balance. Crude nitrogen balance affected urinary riboflavin excretion in all seasons. The result indicated that work activity as well as nutrient intake seemed to affect riboflavin status, especially EGR AC was affected preferentially be work activity in all seasons.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제2권5호
• /
• pp.701-710
• /
• 1997

this study was undertaken to compare the riboflavin status of rural women with different physical activity intensity and to determine factors influencing biochemical fiboflavin status. The study was carried out over three different farming seasons : planting (June), harvest(October) and interim(February) in two rural regions of Korea. One was a traditional farming region, the other a commercial farming region with heavier work intensity. Twenty women in the traditional region and eighteen women in the commercial region were involved. The intensity of physical activity was determined by a daily activity record. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedence. Dietary riboflavin intake was measured by the food frequency method. Riboflavin biochemical status was assessed by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) and ruinary riboflavin excretion. The results from the EGR AC and urinary riboflavin excretion during the period showed the overall riboflavin status of the commercial farming women was significantly worse than that of the traditional farming women(EGR AC p<0.0001, urinary riboflavin excretion p<0.05). The traditional farming group had about 40% with risk of riboflavin deficiency, whereas the commercial farming group had about 70%. Overall mean nutrient intake was not significantly different between the two groups, however, overall mean percent lean body mass representing long term physical activity was significantly higher in the commercial farming group ( <0.005). It appears that the biochemical riboflavin status of traditional farming women was significantly influenced by riboflavin intake and crude nitrogen balance while the biochemical riboflavin status of the commercial farming women was significantly influenced by riboflavin intake and percent of lean body mass over the three seasons. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 701∼710, 1997)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.272-282
• /
• 1985

본 연구는 우리나라 여대생들의 riboflavin (RF) 영양상태를 평가하기 위하여 서울거주 여대생 48명 (정상식이를 하는 학생 31명과 lacto-ovo vegetarian 인 학생 17명)을 대상으로 식이섭취조사, 임상검사, EGRAC 검사 및 소변검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 본 조사 대상 학생들은 동연령층에 대한 한국인 영양권장량에 비하여 열량섭취량은 낮고, 단백질 섭취량은 비슷하나 리보플라빈 섭취량은 높았다. 채식군의 학생들은 정상식이군에 비하여 열량과 단백질 섭취량은 낮았으나 리보플라빈 섭취량은 정상식이군과 비슷하였다. 2. 전 대상자들의 평균 EGRAC 값은 $1.24{\pm}0.03$이었으며, 정상식이군은 $1.19{\pm}0.04$, 채식군은 $1.32{\pm}0.06$으로 두 군의 평균값은 0.05수준에서 유의적 차이가 없었다. ERGAC값이 1.2이상인 대상자는 전 대상자 중 65%이었는데 정상식이군은 55%, 채식군은 82%이었다. 3. EGRAC값이 1.2이상인 대상자 중 18명에게 1일 5mg의 리보플라빈을 1주일간 투여한 후 재검사한 결과 모두 1.2이하로 감소하였다. 4. 상관분석 결과, 대상자들의 EGRAC값과 리보플라빈식이 섭취량 사이에는 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 이와 같은 결과가 나온 가능한 이유들에 대하여 고찰하였다. 이러한 결과들로 부터 본 조사 대상자들은 리보플라빈 섭취량은 한국인 영양권장량보다 높으나 생화학적 기능의 손상이 비교적 높은 비율로 존재함을 알 수 있다. 따라서 리보플라빈 식이섭취량이 낮은것으로 보고된 다른 집단들에 대하여 좀 더 집중적인 연구가 요청된다. 아직 우리나라 사람들을 대상으로 리보플라빈 식이섭취와 생화학적 결핍에 대하여 연구된 바가 적으므로 리보플라빈의 생화학적 결핍판정과 한국인의 RDA수준에 대하여 더 많은 연구가 요청된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 1991

우리나라 젊은 여성의 리보플라빈 영양상태를 평가하기 위하여 광주시에 거주하는 젊은 여성 8명을 대상으로 3주간의 식이섭취조사와 임상검사를 실시하고 EGRAC를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 실험 대상자의 평균연령은 22.1세였으며 신장은 154.4cm, 체중은 49.2kg, 흉위는 81.2cm, 상완 하부, 견갑골 하부 및 복부 피부두께의 합은 79.5mm, BMI는 20.6이었다. Hb함량은 13.0g/100ml, Hct 치는 44.0%, A/G ration는 1.4, GOT, GPT 및 alkaline phosphatase활성은 각각 14, 11.0 및 6.5로서 혈액학적 및 임상적으로 이상이 없었다. 에너지, 단백질 및 리보플라빈의 1일 평균 섭취량은 각각 1745kcal, 56.1g 및 1.14mg으로 한국인 영양 권장량에 비해 낮았다. 리보플라빈의 주요 급원 식품은 우유로서 27.7%의 리보플라빈의 주요 급원 식품은 우유로서 27.7%의 리보플라빈이 우유로부터 공급되었고, 기타 달걀, 배추, 쌀, 쇠고기 등의 순으로 기여도가 높았다. ERGAC는 평균 1.2784이었으며 ERGAC는 1.20이상으로 생화학적인 리보플라빈 결핍상태인 대상자는 62.5%이었다. 이들에게 1일 6mg의 리보플라빈을 1주간 투여한 결과 ERGAC는 모두 1.20이하로 감소되었다. 에너지, 단백질 리보플라빈 섭취량은 상호간에 고도의 유의적인 정상관을 보였고, 이들은 모두 EGRAC와 유의적인 부적상관을 보였다. 그러나 에너지 섭취량 1,000kcal를 단위로 나타낸 리보플라빈 섭취량은 에너지 섭취량과는 유의적인 부적상관을 보인 반면 단백질 섭취량과는 상관을 보이지 않았고 EGRAC와도 유의적인 상관을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 한국인 은 여성의 리보프랄빈 영양상태를 생화학적 방법으로 평가한 결과 상당수가 결핍상태에 있음을 보여주었다. 또한 리보플라빈 섭취량은 에너지 및 단백질 섭취량과 고도의 유의적인 정상관을 가지므로 리보플라빈 섭취량을 늘리기 위해서는 에너지 또는 단백질섭취량을 증가시켜야 한다는 점이 시사되었다. 한편 에너지 섭취가 낮은 경우에 리보플라빈 섭취량에 특히 유의해야 한다는 점도 시사되었다. 시사되었다.