• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 1995

CVD-Si3N4/CVD-SiC/pack-SiC/pyro-carbon/(3-D C/C composite) multilayer coating was performed to improve the oxdiation resistance and erosion resistance properteis of the 3-D carbon/carbon composite, and the plasma test was performed to measure the oxidation resistance and erosion resistance properties. The thicknesses of each film layer were about 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for pack-SiC, 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for CVD-SiC and 40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for CVD-Si3N4. When the multilayer coated specimen was exposed to the plasma flame with temperature of 500$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds, it showed the weight loss five times less than that of the only pyro-carbon coated specimen.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 2019

In this study, $C_f/SiC$, $SiC_f/SiC$ and $C_f-SiC_f/SiC$ ceramic composites reinforcing carbon fiber, SiC fiber and hybrid fiber were fabricated by hybrid TGCVI and PIP process. After the thermal shock cycle, 3-point bending and Oxy-Acetylene torch test, their mechanical behavior, oxidation and erosion resistance were evaluated. The $C_f/SiC$ composite showed a decrease in mechanical property along with increasing temperature, a pseudo-ductile fracture mode and a large quantity of erosion. The $SiC_f/SiC$ composite exhibited stronger mechanical property and lower erosion rate compared to the $C_f/SiC$, but brittle fracture mode. On the other hand, hybrid type of $C_f-SiC_f/SiC$ composite gave the best mechanical property, more ductile failure mode than the $SiC_f/SiC$, and lower erosion rate than the $C_f/SiC$. During the Oxy-Acetylene torch test, the $SiO_2$ formed by reaction of the SiC matrix with oxygen prevented further oxidation or erosion of the fibers for $C_f-SiC_f/SiC$ and $SiC_f/SiC$ composites particularly. In conclusion, if a hybrid composite with low porosity is prepared, this material is expected to have high applicability as a high temperature thermo-structural composite under high temperature oxidation atmosphere by improving low mechanical property due to the oxidation of $C_f/SiC$ and brittle fracture mode of $SiC_f/SiC$ composite.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.42-49
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• 2017

The solid rocket motor(SRM) consists of a motor case, igniter, propellants, nozzle, insulation, controller, and driving device. The liquid rocket propulsion systems(LRPSs) cools the nozzle by the fuel and oxidizer but SRM does not cool the nozzle. The nozzle of SRM is high temperature condition and high velocity condition so occurs the erosion by combustion gas. This erosion occurs the change of nozzle throat and reduces thrust performance of rocket. The material of Rocket nozzle is minimization of erosion and insulation effect and endure the shear force, high temperature and high pressure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the erosion characteristics of solid rocket nozzles by each combustion time. Through the structure inspection of Graphite and C-C composite, identify the characteristics of the microstructure before and after erosion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

The major objective of this study was to quantify the effects of substrate depth and substrate composition on the development of sedum etc., in a sloped rooftop (6 : 12 pitch) environment during a 4-year period. The experiment was conducted from 2006 October to 2010 December under several conditions without soil erosion control : two substrate depth (5cm, 10cm), four substrate composition (A5N3C2, A3N3C4, A6C4, G5L3C2: A: artificial lightweight soil, N : natural soil, G : granite decomposed soil, C : leave composite, L : loess), four sloped roof direction ($E40^{\circ}W$, $W40^{\circ}N$, $S40^{\circ}W$, $N40^{\circ}E$). In this experiment 4 sedum etc., were used: Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum rupestre, Sedum telephium, flowering herbs (mixed seed : Taraxacum platycarpum, Lotus corniculatus, Aster yomena, Aster koraiensis), western grasses (mixed seed : Tall fescue, Creeping redfescue, Bermuda grass, Perennial ryegrass). The establishment factor had two levels : succulent shoot establishment (sedum), seeding (flowering herbs, western grasses). 1. Enkamat, as it bring about top soil exfoliation, was unsuitable material for soil erosion control. 2. Sedum species exhibited greater growth at a substrate depth of 10cm relative to 5cm. All flowering herbs and western grasses established only at a substrate depth of 5cm were died. A substrate depth of 5cm was not suited in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. If additional soil erosion control will be supplemented, a substrate depth of 10cm in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance was considered suitable. 3. For all substrate depth and composition, the most abundant species was Sedum kamtschaticum. The percentage of surviving Sedum kamtschaticum was 73.4% at a substrate depth of 10cm in autumn 2007 one year after the roof vegetation had been established. But the percentage of surviving other sedum were 33.3%~51.9%, therefor mulching for soil erosion control was essential after rooftop establishment in extensive sloped roof greening was proved. To raise the ratio of plant survival, complete establishment of plant root at substrate was considered essential before rooftop establishment. 4. There was a significant interaction between biomass and substrate moisture content. There were also a significant difference of substrate moisture and erosion among substrate composition. The moisture content of A6C4 was highest, the resistance to erosion of A5N3C2 was highest among substrate composition. The biomass of plants were not significantly higher in A5N3C2 and A6C4 relative to A3N3C4 and G5L3C2, For substrate moisture and erosion resistance, A5N3C2 and A6C4 were considered suitable in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. 5. There were significant difference among roof slope direction on the substrate moisture. Especially, the substrate moisture content of $S40^{\circ}W$ was lower relative to that of $N40^{\circ}E$, that guessed by solar radiation and erosion.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

An ultra-high temperature ceramic, tantalum carbide, has received much attention for its favorable characteristics: a superior melting point and chemical compatibility with carbon and other carbides. One drawback is the high temperature erosion of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. To address this drawback, we deposited TaC on C/C with silicon carbide as an intermediate layer. Prior to the TaC deposition, the $TaCl_5-C_3H_6-H_2$ system was thermodynamically analyzed with FactSage 6.2 and compared with the $TaCl_5-CH_4-H_2$ system. The results confirmed that the $TaCl_5-C_3H_6-H_2$ system had a more realistic cost and deposition efficiency than $TaCl_5-CH_4-H_2$. A dense and uniform TaC layer was successfully deposited under conditions of Ta/C = 0.5, $1200^{\circ}C$ and 100 torr. This study verified that the thermodynamic analysis is appropriate as a guide and prerequisite for carbide deposition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.291-297
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• 2008

The solid particle erosion behaviour of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites was investigated. The erosive wear of these composites was evaluated at different impingement angles ($30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$), different impact velocities (40, 55, 60, 70m/s) and at three different fiber orientations ($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$). The erodent was SiC sand with the size $50-100{\mu}m$ of irregula. shapes. The result showed ductile erosion behaviour with maximum erosion rate at $30^{\circ}$ impingement angle. The fiber orientations had a significant influence on erosion. The erosion rate was strongly dependent on impact velocity which followed power law $E{\propto}\;V^n$. Based on impact velocity (V), impact angle (${\alpha}$) and fiber orientation angle (${\beta}$), a method was proposed to predict the erosion rate of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.631-632
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• 2006

Cr-C-Ni composites were synthesized in situ from elemental powders of Cr, Ni and C by high energy milling followed by reactive sintering. The milled powders with the grain size in nano-scale were pressed to compacts and sintered. During the following thermal treatment at first the chromium carbide was formed and then the $Cr_3C_2-Ni$ cermets were sintered in one cycle. The interface between the binder phase and the carbide grains of the in situ composite has a good bonding strength as it is not contaminated with oxidation films or other detrimental surface reactions.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.627-632
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• 1995

W-Cu composites utilize the high electrical conductivity of copper and arc erosion resistance of tungsten to provide properties better suited to electrical contact applications than either tungsten or copper alone. W-Cu composite materials were milled in an attritor with an impeller speed of 300rpm for various milling times. The milled powders were compacted at 300MPa into cylinders, 16m in diameter, and approximately 4m high. Sintering was performed in dry H$_2$at temperature ranging from 1200$^{\circ}C$ to 1400$^{\circ}C$. Samples were sectioned and were polished for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of microstructures. Homogeneous W-Cu composites were formed after 10 hours mechanical alloying and could be attained 99% density at 1330$^{\circ}C$. As mechanical alloying time increased, Fe-concentration was increased linearly. Intermetallic compound formation interupted the growth of W particles Increased hardness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.144-147
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• 2000

The effect of accelerated aging test on ethylene-propylene-diene monomer(EPDM) rubber used for outdoor insulation was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscope(SEM), FFT spectrum alalysis, and electrical pulse counts using PC by oscilloscope(300 MHz). In electrical alalysis, FFT spectrum analysis indicated arcing caused a significant increase in the third harmonic content of the leakage current of polluted insulator. Also, pulse counts increased as aging time. The surface oxygen and aluminum content were found to increase and that of carbon and nitrogen were found to decrease with time. The detailed XPS analysis indicated that the concentration of carbon in C-C decreased and concentration of highly oxidized carbons increased with time, which was due to the oxidation of EPDM rubber polymer SEM analysis indicated that crack and erosion of EPDM rubber occurred with time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05c
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• pp.92-95
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• 2001

고분자 복합체 절연재료는 porcelain 이나 glass 같은 세라믹 소재의 재료와 비교하여 옥외사용 시간의 관점에서 더 뛰어난 특정을 발휘한다. 그러나 노화되었을 때, 이들 옥외용 절연재료의 성질은 발수성이나 흡수성등과 같은 절연재료의 표면특성에 의해 변화한다. 이러한 표면특성의 변화는 누설전류에 의한 트래킹 (tracking), 침식 (erosion) 및 섬락현상(flashover) 등의 유전체 파괴에 이르게 한다. 본 연구에서는 고분자 복합체 절연재료로 널리 이용되고 있는 EPDM의 발수특성을 향상시키기 위해 기존에 이용되던 무기물 첨가제인 alumina hydrate(ATH)이외에 발수성이 뛰어난 실리콘 고무를 상용화제를 이용하여 블렌드하고, 각종 유기 첨가제 및 무기물 보강제를 이용하여 EPDM/Silicone 복합체를 제조하였다. EPDM/Silicone 복합체의 인장강도 및 유전강도는 실리콘의 함량이 증가할수록 낮아졌으며, 촉진 노화시험을 실시한 결과 $120^{\circ}C$까지 인장강도 및 신율을 유지하였다. 유전강도의 측정결과 복합체의 접촉각과 표면에너지 측정결과 Silicone 고무의 함량이 증가할수록 접촉각은 증가하고, 표면에너지는 낮아졌다. 경사평판법에의한 내트래킹성 측정결과 실리콘 함량이 증가할수록 내트래킹성은 우수하였으며, 실리콘 함량이 30%인 복합체에서는 트래킹 및 침식이 진행되지 않았다.