• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.576-581
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• 2021

In the post-epidemic era, COVID-19 has not yet been fully controlled. Wearing masks is still the main means of epidemic prevention, and the negative effects brought by masks continue to continue. Wearing a mask for a long time can cause two problems. The first problem is hypoxia, and the other is an increase in psychological stress. To reduce the negative impact of masks, this paper proposes a new breathing mode. It is the "Umm~" vocal breathing mode, which simultaneously solves the two problems of hypoxia and increased stress. This paper explores the reasons why new breathing patterns can relieve stress. Explains the relationship between HRV and stress index and uses SDNN as an indicator to detect stress index to confirm the effectiveness of this breathing pattern. Experimental results prove that the "Umm~" vocal breathing mode can not only relieve the stress induced by wearing a mask. And when not wearing a mask, it can also be used to relieve daily stress. This method that anyone can easily implement should be more popularized.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.73-86
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• 2007

Numerous types of models have been developed in recent years in response to the cyber threat posed by worms in order to analyze their propagation and predict their spread. Some of the most important ones involve mathematical modeling techniques such as Epidemic, AAWP (Analytical Active Worm Propagation Modeling) and LAAWP (Local AAWP). However, most models have several inherent limitations. For instance, they target worms that employ random scanning in the entire nv4 network and fail to consider the effects of countermeasures, making it difficult to analyze the extent of damage done by them and the effects of countermeasures in a specific network. This paper extends the equations and parameters of AAWP and LAAWP and suggests ALAAWP (Advanced LAAWP), a new worm simulation technique that rectifies the drawbacks of existing models.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57.1-57.9
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• 2022

Background: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), the causative agent of classical swine fever (CFS), is a highly contagious disease that poses a serious threat to Chinese pig populations. Objectives: Many provinces of China, such as Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, and Liaoning provinces, have reported epidemics of CSFV, while the references to the epidemic of CSFV in Yunnan province are rare. This study examined the epidemic characteristics of the CSFV in Yunnan province. Methods: In this study, 326 tissue samples were collected from different regions in Yunnan province from 2015 to 2021. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequences analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the pathogenic detection and analysis of these 326 clinical specimens. Results: Approximately 3.37% (11/326) of specimens tested positive for the CSFV by RT-PCR, which is lower than that of other regions of China. Sequence analysis of the partial E2 sequences of eleven CSFV strains showed that they shared 89.0-100.0% nucleotide (nt) and 95.0-100.0% amino acid (aa) homology, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel isolates belonged to the subgenotypes 2.1c and 2.1d, with subgenotype 2.1c being predominant. Conclusions: The CSFV was sporadic in China's Yunnan province from 2015 to 2021. Both 2.1c and 2.1d subgenotypes were found in this region, but 2.1c was dominant.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.816-827
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between fear and anger emotions in the discourse produced by the media during the period of major emerging infectious diseases (SARS, Swine Flu, MERS, and COVID-19) that occurred since 2000 in Korea. The researcher collected editorial articles of the major daily newspaper after a significant epidemic of new infectious diseases and analyzed them using the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM) and text mining techniques. In all epidemic times, fear appears stronger than anger, but the smaller the fear, the greater the risk control message is produced. In detail, fear emerges strongly in the discourse of the risk of infectious diseases or the economic crisis. Anger appears strong when the government's quarantine failures, groups where group infections occurred, and concealing information about infectious diseases. In this process, anger is strongly expressed against the factors that threaten the safety of society. Anger is also an emotion that can justify strong quarantine, but it can be the basis for discourse on minority hate. In this respect, anger is a two-sided emotion, so it must be handled carefully in the media.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24.1-24.11
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• 2020

The pandemic of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in Asia has caused enormous economic loss in poultry industry and human health threat, especially clade 2.3.4.4 H5 and H7 subtypes in recent years. The endemic chicken H6 virus in Taiwan has also brought about human and dog infections. Since wild waterfowls is the major AIV reservoir, it is important to monitor the diversified subtypes in wildfowl flocks in early stage to prevent viral reassortment and transmission. To develop a more efficient and sensitive approach is a key issue in epidemic control. In this study, we integrate multiplex reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for high-throughput detection and differentiation of AIVs in wild waterfowls in Taiwan. Four viral genes were detected simultaneously, including nucleoprotein (NP) gene of all AIVs, hemagglutinin (HA) gene of clade 2.3.4.4 H5, H6 and H7 subtypes. The detection limit of the developed detection system could achieve as low as one copy number for each of the four viral gene targets. Sixty wild waterfowl field samples were tested and all of the four gene signals were unambiguously identified within 6 h, including the initial sample processing and the final CE data analysis. The results indicated that multiplex RT-RPA combined with CE was an excellent alternative for instant simultaneous AIV detection and subtype differentiation. The high efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed method could greatly assist in wild bird monitoring and epidemic control of poultry.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.3
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• pp.21-25
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• 1964

1. Purpose of this experiment is to investigate the influence of wheat scab fungus(Gibberella zeae) remaining in soil or residues of infected plants to the growth of the seedlings of 14 different crops. 2. Susceptibility of these crops to the infection by G. zeae was investigated by planting these crops both to the artificially inoculated soils and naturally infected soils where both serious and light wheat scab epidemic have occurred previously. 3. In artifical inoculation tests, bailey, wheat, rye, soybean, rice, buckwheat, corn, cotton and greenbean has shown susceptible reaction, while indianbean, sesame, sorghum, chinese cabbage and radish has shown resistant reaction. 4. In artificial inoculation tests, there was significant difference in the germination ratio of the susceptible crops between the plants planted in inoculated soils and uninoculated soils with the exception of rice, com and cotton. Preemergence seedling blight was confined only to barley and corn, whereas postemergence seedling blight was confined to rye, wheat, rice buckwheat, barley and corn. la most of the susceptible crops secondary roots were almost rotted and the primary roots were either partially rotted or discolorated in inoculated soil. There was significant difference in the stem length of the plants grown in inoculated soils and uninoculated soils in susceptible crops. 5. No infection by G. zeae was observed when wheat, barley and rye plants were sown to the soils where both serious and light wheat scab epidemic occurred naturally.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2550-2572
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• 2023

Epidemiological survey is an important means for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Due to the particularity of the epidemic survey, 1) epidemiological survey in epidemic prevention and control has a wide range of people involved, a large number of data collected, strong requirements for information disclosure and high timeliness of data processing; 2) the epidemiological survey data need to be disclosed at different institutions and the use of data has different permission requirements. As a result, it easily causes personal privacy disclosure. Therefore, traditional access control technologies are unsuitable for the privacy protection of epidemiological survey data. In view of these situations, we propose a black box-assisted fine-grained hierarchical access control scheme for epidemiological survey data. Firstly, a black box-assisted multi-attribute authority management mechanism without a trusted center is established to avoid authority deception. Meanwhile, the establishment of a master key-free system not only reduces the storage load but also prevents the risk of master key disclosure. Secondly, a sensitivity classification method is proposed according to the confidentiality degree of the institution to which the data belong and the importance of the data properties to set fine-grained access permission. Thirdly, a hierarchical authorization algorithm combined with data sensitivity and hierarchical attribute-based encryption (ABE) technology is proposed to achieve hierarchical access control of epidemiological survey data. Efficiency analysis and experiments show that the scheme meets the security requirements of privacy protection and key management in epidemiological survey.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the descriptions of the transmission of plague along the Silk Road in Orhan Pamuk's 2022 novel Nights of Plague. Pamuk won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006, the first prize for Turkish literature. Pamuk's vast knowledge of epidemiological history, which has long fascinated him, comes to life in this novel as he describes the characters' battles against the plague in the East and West and how the plague was brought to the islands and spread along the Maritime Silk Road. One of the most important trade routes in human history, the Silk Road was not only a link between East and West trade and cultures but also a route for the transmission of bubonic plague during the medieval period onwards. It was this epidemic that contributed to the decline of the Silk Road. In the novel, a plague originating in China strikes the Ottoman coastal cities of Smyrna and Mingheria on its way to Europe via India. The epidemic is contained in Smyrna but the death toll spirals out of control when the plague reaches the island of Mingheria by sea. The spatial setting of the novel is an island, which means that it communicates with the outside world by sea. The only way the plague could have spread to an isolated island was by ship. Rats from different ports and ships would have traveled to other parts of the world or even countries to spread the plague. In Nights of Plague, the fact that the plague reached Mingheria via the maritime Silk Road is also proven by the route of the ships and various narratives. The novel confirms what many scholars have argued, that the Silk Road brought various goods from the East to the Roman Empire, along with deadly diseases, and that the sea routes were an important way for the plague to travel and spread.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mental health (MH) symptoms and associated factors among medical students who were engaged in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 4 provinces/cities of Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 580 participants was conducted at a medical university in Northern Vietnam. MH was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, which was previously standardized in Vietnam. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the association between MH symptoms and relevant factors. Results: Out of a total of 2703 medical students, 21.5% responded to the questionnaire. Among the 580 respondents, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression included being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Similarly, being female and having a COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with self-reported anxiety. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of MH symptoms, working more than 8 hr/day, and having a COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: COVID-19 has adversely impacted the MH of medical students. Our findings are valuable in their potential to motivate universities, MH professionals, and authorities to offer mental healthcare services to this group. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for training courses designed to equip future healthcare workers with the skills to manage crises effectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1219-1226
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• 2002

Purpose : To assess the clinical characteristics of the 2000-2001 measles outbreak in the Seoul metropolitan area, Korea, the clinical data of measles inpatients were analyzed. Methods : Three hundred and five children diagnosed with measles by clinical manifestation from July, 2000 to February, 2001, in Seoul, Ilsan and Ansan City were grouped according to their age and investigated for clinical manifestations, vaccination history and measles-specific IgM/IgG antibody positivity. Results : Thirty eight point seven percent of the subjects were less than 12 months of age, 27.5 % were 12-47 months of age and 33.8% were 48 months of age or older. There was no significant sexual difference(male : female=1.2 : 1). This epidemic started in June, 2000 and the number of patients increased abruptly in October, peaked in December and finally decreased after February, 2001. It started from the older age group and moved to the younger. Sixty five point two percent had a history of more than 1-dose vaccination and 13.6% of the patients equal or more than 48 months of age had a history of 2-dose vaccination. Primary vaccine failure rate was 59.4%(107/180) and secondary vaccine failure rate was 3.9%(7/180) in 1 dose vaccinees. Sixty one point six percent showed more than one complication and 38.4% had no complication. The most common complication was pneumonia(31.8 %), followed by bronchitis(11.5%) and acute otitis media(4.6%). Vaccination and dose were not related significantly with the occurrence of complications. Conclusion : Compared with previous outbreaks in Korea, clinical features showed no specific change in the 2000-2001 measles epidemic. However, primary vaccine failure rate was so high that the second vaccination at four to six years of age must be emphasized in Korea.