• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

On account of increasing interest of substantiality in these day, it is needed to make an effort to establish an environmentally sustainable production system for the construction works. Although practical affairs and researches are in progress to reduce and recycle construction wastes, as a result of a research, there are still obstructive factors on waste reduction and recycling which they don't interact efficiently between waste disposal process of the construction area and waste disposal company. As a plan to revitalize reduction and recycling of construction wastes, this research focuses on finding obstructive factors and giving solutions to reduce and recycle construction wastes which comes from construction process and construction industries. To meet the needs of the research, firstly relatively significant construction wastes (concrete, soil, brick, block, asphalt, plastic, lumber) were identified. On site level interviews with management of disposal companies and construction sites were conducted as well, focusing on typical waste disposal process. Throughout this interviews, obstructive factors were conducted. A result of the research, the authors suggest an improved approach on disposal and recycling for construction waste by prioritizing the identified factors and ranking the importance level of each factor. And, by identifying factors obstructing reduction and recycle of construction wastes, this research suggests improved disposal process of construction waste.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

This study presented politic proposals and diverse utilization-type in coastal areas by analyzing results of reviewed related-statements of marine environment during the one year period of 2007 by Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center. Total of 358 cases were reviewed, which was a significant increase from 270 in 2006. Consultation on the utilization of sea areas (CUSA) accounted for the largest number of 165 (46.1%) and it was followed by 104 cases of environmental impact assessment (EIA) (29.0%) and 89 cases of prior environmental review (PER) (24.9%). As such, evaluation statements (EIA+PER) related to consultations of the Ministry of Environment accounted for approximately 54% of the entire cases reviewed. To analyze the overall results of reviewing marine-related evaluation statements, utilization and planning were conducted by 47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7% in the South Sea, West Sea and East Sea of Korea, respectively. In evaluation statements (EIA+PER), port construction, industrial complex construction, urban management plan and road construction took up most of the part by 40.9%, 20.2%, 10.4% and 7.3%, respectively. In terms of CUSA-statement, it was evaluated that consultations were mostly carried out on use and reclamation of public water surface in coastal areas and on sea aggregate extraction process in EEZ. The largest number of plans for coastal use were established for Jeollanam-do, followed by Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeonggi-do. In particular, development plans were concentrated on Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do with stable marine environment and outstanding view of the nature. In most cases, these regions are adjacent to the areas designated as a sea area for environmental management and fisheries resources protection zone. Therefore, conflicts exist between development and preservation. Also, rather than random development, more detailed marine environmental impact assessment, gathering of public opinions and politic harmony are essentially required. For efficient coastal management and environmentally sound and sustainable development, fulfilling consistent and transparent coastal policies as well as active and reliable decision making to center on coastal environment by management bodies will be important.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2012

In the new changing scenario, the goal of agriculture is shifting from traditional to sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture. Therefore, in this experiment, we analyzed economic efficiency of two methods of rice cultivation i.e. new cultural method and conventional method, at farmers' fields. In the new cultural method, cost of materials and machines (rice-transplanting and sowing machine) was found 245% higher than the conventional method. Depreciation of cost and working hours were also higher in the new cultural method by 1.9 and 1.1 time, respectively. However, cost of seeds and seedbed soil were 44.0% and 49.2% lower and total material cost was 4.4% lower than the conventional method. In the new cultural method, overall working cost of nursery raising and transplanting per 10a was 229.8% higher than the conventional method. However, in spite of high input cost, yield of rice in new cultural method was higher by 6.7% than the conventional method. Our results showed that new cultural method was better than the conventional method except the input cost. If government provide 80% subsidy for machine cost then its input cost will be reduced by 45.4% than the conventional method.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

본 연구는 지속 가능한 친환경 축산업의 직접지불제를 도입하는데 농가이행 프로그램 개발과 시범사업의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 전국단위 4대 축종(한우, 젖소, 돼지, 닭)에 대한 2003년도에는 프로그램 개발과 2004년$\sim$2005년(2년간) 시범사업 시행 효과를 분석하기 위하여 각 시 군에 참여한 농가의 현황과 담당 공무원 및 농가에 대한 의향조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 기본프로그램(2003년)으로 소(한육우 젖소)는 조사료포 확보 및 분뇨 경지환원, 돼지 닭(산란계 육계)는 사육밀도 완화 및 분뇨발생량 감축을 위하여 발생되는 경지확보 비용 그리고 사육밀도 완화에 따른 감소두수의 소득감소분을 농가부담 50%로 설정하였다. 인센티브 프로그램으로 축사 및 분뇨처리시설 주변에 악취, 조경 등 환경개선을 위하여 조경수를 구입 식재하면 비용의 50%를 직불하도록 하였다. 2. 시범사업 참여실적은 2004년에 459호에 비하여 2005년에 653호로 42.3% 증가하였으며 참여비율은 한우 24.4%, 젖소 17.4%, 돼지 40.2%, 닭 18.0% 이었으며 친환경축산 직불금 지급액 비율 한우 16.1%, 젖소 22.0%, 돼지 46.4%, 닭 15.5% 이었으며 농가당 지급액은 한우 3,987천원, 젖소 7,627천원, 돼지 6,965천원, 닭 5,212천원이었고, 인센티브(조경수 식재) 참여는 전체농가 중 20.4%, 호당지급액 1,303천원(4.6%) 이었다. 3. 조사료포 확보 실적은 한우 $1,303m^2$/두('04)에 비하여 $1,639m^2$/두('05)로 26% 증가하였고, 젖소 $1,517m^2$/두('04)에 비하여 $1,561m^2$/두('05)로 3% 증가하였다. 4. 돼지 닭의 사육밀도는 돼지 $1.14m^2$/두('04)에 비하여 $1.27m^2$/두('05)로 11% 넓어졌으며 산란계는 $0.059m^2$/수('04)에 비하여 $0.083m^2$/수('05)로 41% 넓어졌고 육계는 $0.078m^2$/수('04)에 비하여 $0.069m^2$/수('05)로 12% 좁아졌다. 5. 축산환경개선사업에 대한 설문조사 결과 환경개선제 사용이 악취 및 파리 감소에 효과가 크며 지원사업을 계속해야 한다고 답하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.232-243
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• 2018

The construction, development and maintenance of an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable campus involves the integration of measuring tools and technical information that invites and encourages the community to know the actual state to generate positive actions for reducing the negative impacts over the local environment. At the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Campus $Bogot{\acute{a}}$, a public area with daily traffic of more than 25000 people, the Environmental Management Bureau has committed with the monitoring of the noise pollution and air quality, as support to the campaigns aiming to reduce the pollutant emissions associated to the student's activities and campus operation. The target of this study is based in the implementation of mobile air quality and sonometry monitoring equipment, the mapping of the actual air quality and noise pollution inside the university campus as a novel methodology for a sub-area inside a megacity. This results and mapping are proposed as planning tool for the institution administrative sections. A mobile Kunak$^{(R)}$ Air & OPC air monitoring station with the capability to measure particulate matter $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, Ozone ($O_3$), Sulfur Oxide ($SO_2$), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide ($NO_2$) as well as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Latitude and Longitude coordinates for the data georeferenciation; and a sonometer Cirrus$^{(R)}$ 162B Class 2 were used to perform the measurements. The measurements took place in conditions of academic activity and without it, with the aim of identify the impacts generated by the campus operation. Using the free code geographical information software QGIS$^{(R)}$ 2.18, the maps of each variable measured were developed, and the impacts generated by the operation of the campus were identified qualitative and quantitively. For the measured variables, an increase of around 21% for the $L_{Aeq}$ noise level and around 80% to 90% for air pollution were detected during the operation period.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

In 2006, the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) plans to undertake (subject to receiving the necessary approvals) a Pilot program for $CO_2$ storage within a depleted gas reservoir. The Otway Basin Pilot Program (OBPP) aims to demonstrate that subsurface $CO_2$ storage is both economically and environmentally sustainable in Australia. This will be the first $CO_2$ storage program in the world to utilise a depleted gas reservoir and, hence, the experience gained will be a valuable addition to the range of international $CO_2$ storage programs that are underway or being planned. A key component of the OBPP is the design of an appropriate geophysical monitoring strategy that will allow the subsurface migration of the $CO_2$ plume to be tracked and to verify that containment has been successful. This paper presents the results from modelling the predicted gravity response to $CO_2$ injection into the Otway Basin reservoir, where the goal was to determine minimum volumes of $CO_2$ that may be detectable using non-seismic geophysical techniques. Modelling results indicate that gravity measurements at 10 m spacing within the existing observation well and the planned $CO_2$ injection well would provide excellent vertical resolution, even for the smallest $CO_2$ volume modelled (10000 tonnes), but resolving the lateral extent of the plume would not be possible without additional wells at closer spacing.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.437-455
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• 2012

Korea has recently constructed a number of renewable photovoltaic power plants in Jeolla province as an effort to provide environment-friendly energy. However, several problems appeared in the power plant locations because they were not appropriately chosen ignoring social-environmental perspectives. Consequently, locations of both currently existing photovoltaic power plants require an social and environmental evaluations. This study aims to provide appropriate photovoltaic power plants locations and evaluation of current photovoltaic power plants in Jeolla province. By presenting location analysis of photovoltaic power plants, this study would minimize environmental and social side effects regarding photovoltaic power plants. Kriging and Analytic Network Process (ANP) are applied as methodology. ANP generates correct weights in combining spatial data, so that the result would present optimal locations. In addition environmentally sensitive regions were excluded in the analysis process. The results show that South and West coastal areas have a number of appropriate locations for photovoltaic power plants. In addition, evaluating currently running photovoltaic power plant locations, total 23 out 81 are turned out to be inappropriately located. This study is expected to contribute avoiding social and environmental conflicts in photovoltaic power plant locations and present criteria in evaluating photovoltaic power plants.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.5 s.180
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• pp.615-626
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• 2006

The natural resources and material life-cycle include all human activities related to resources and material extraction, transportation, processing, use, recovery and disposal. Sustainable material management (SMM) is an integrated set of policy approaches targeted on economic agents throughout the material life-cycles and designed to result in economically efficient and environmentally effective material use. The material flows of industrial mineral, ores and fossil fuels have also long been a focal area for environmental policies because of the high environmental pressures associated with extraction, processing, consumption, and final disposal of these materials. OECD work on material flow is to improve the quantitative and analytical knowledge bases about natural resource and material flows within and among countries, so as to better understand the importance of material resources in member countries' economies. In several EU Member States, material flow accounts are part of official statistics. Material flow analysis (MFA) is a valuation method which assesses the efficiency of use of materials using information from material flow accounting. Material flow analysis helps to identify waste of natural resources and other materials in the economy which would otherwise go unnoticed in conventional economic monitoring systems. Resource use and resource efficiency has emerged as a major issue for long-term sustainability and environmental policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to introduce the current status and development strategy for the environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider the methodology which could be effectively applied to the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. 1. We should establish a new paradigm of forest conservation and erosion control which can emphasize the restoration of the stream side ecosystem and reduce soil movement in the areas. Also, in the past, the objective of forest conservation and erosion control was to fix soil by constructing permanent structures. The direction of future forest conservation and erosion control needs to be new forest conservation and erosion control technology to prevent large scale soil movement but allow small scale soil movement to conserve sound ecosystem and biotic habitats. 2. In the past, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planning was to fix the amount of soil movement by constructing permanent facilities. Forest conservation and erosion control planning in the future needs to change the techniques which could prevent soil movement from large scale of soil disasters, but allow soil movement effectively to a small and middle scale's soil movement. Also, it is considered to change erosion control dams from non passing type to passing type. 3. In the point of ecological conservation aspects, we should evaluate the effects of new forest conservation and erosion control methods which are emphasized on the restoration of the stream side ecosystem. Also, forest conservation and erosion control construction projects for restoring stream and river ecosystem should be planned for perfectly restorating their ecosystems by the way of sustainable maintenance and management. 4. The restoration direction of stream and river ecosystems needs to be restoring the diversity of small geographies such as waterway, shoal and puddles rather than flattening stream bed. And the restoration of the stream side ecosystem should provide continuity of the stream side environment which allows desirable biological habitats, and environmentally sound facilities to harmonize with the environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2013

Great efforts have been made worldwide to reduce the Green House Gas (GHG) emission following the "Kyoto Protocol" declared during the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1997. Many industries have restructured to meet the standard set by the Protocol. However, no clear guidance has been established for the purpose of reducing the GHG emission in construction industry. In addition, no significant effort has been made to conserve the energy during construction activities. For more effective energy saving in construction industry, it is essential to collect data about energy consumption, quantity of environmental emissions and costs. However, most studies on sustainable construction have been concentrated on the use of equipment, maintenance and repair works during construction due to the difficulties of collecting such data. This study suggests a method to select the most environmentally friendly equipment combination for earthwork with comparing environmental loads and costs using the database of Life Cycle Inventory in the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Ministry of Environment of Korea.