• 보존과학연구
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• s.31
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

Cultural heritages are damaged by surrounding several environmental factors. Main factors are temperature, humidity, light, atmosphere and indoor pollutant, organism, etc. Therefore, to prevent damage of cultural heritage from such environmental factor, conservation environment monitoring becomes more important. Indicator is one of the simple method for environment monitoring. It can be used without expensive and complex equipments. However, it should be performed scientific examination for application to cultural heritage. In this study, some Temperature Indicators were chosen and reliability assessment was carried out for application to cultural heritage. Brightness($L^*$) is selected for reliability assessment factor. As a result of lab test, Temperature Indicators were not influenced greatly in humidity change. When they were exposed to setting temperature, the color was changed in setting temperature area and ${\pm}2^{\circ}C$ part of setting temperature. Especially brightness value was high in setting temperature area. Also, Temperature Indicators were stabilized after about 16 minutes when were exposed to temperature difference of $10^{\circ}C$ and when temperature difference with exposure environment is smaller, stabilization time shortened. Therefore, it is a possible to confirm that selected Temperature Indicator is reliable product through measurement of color difference value and naked eye observation.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.30
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• pp.47-61
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• 2009

Cultural heritages are affected by various environmental factors. Main factors are temperature, humidity, light and indoor air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides. Especially humidity condition is very important. Low humidity condition can cause contraction and high humidity condition can lead to growth of microorganism. This study is conducted to appraise an applicability of the Humidity Indicator which is one of the simple method for humidity control. The Humidity Indicator shows the humidity conditions through color change. Therefore, photometer was used to correctly measure the color change of Humidity Indicator. As a result of lab test, Humidity Indicators was stabilized after one hour from en exposure in a certain humidity condition and the indicators indicated clear correlations between color changes of Humidity Indicators and humidity conditions. Some Humidity Indicators which had been selected through the lab tests were applied to preservation facilities of cultural heritages and the indicators indicated closed correlations with humidity conditions in indoor of facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

This study analyzed the status of climate-change indicator plants native to the main islands of the Korean peninsula, while elucidating their distribution characteristics. Information on flora from over 129 island locations, comprising more than 100 species of native plants, was collected, compiled into a database, and utilized as raw data. The distribution of 193 climate-change indicator plants was confirmed. The distribution area of broadleaf evergreen trees and ferns, including Mallotus japonicus and Cyrtomium falcatum, was relatively wide. In contrast, the distribution of common northern plants such as Corydalis turtschaninovii and Malus baccata was limited. If global warming persists, northern plant distribution is expected to decrease rapidly in the Korean Peninsula island region, while the northern limit line of the southern plants is expected to migrate further northward. During this process, it is likely that the plant congregation structure and species diversity within the island region will change dynamically. In this study, comparative analyses between species and regions were conducted by assessing the relative frequency of their occurrence, and six types of botanical geographic distribution patterns were noted.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

Investigation of carabid beetles as on ecological indicator species for wetland characterization and monitoring was conducted in three types of wetlands such as emergent wetland, forested wetland, and estuary, During the investigation period, twenty-eight species belonging to twenty-two genera and three families(Carabidae, Harpalidae, Brachinidae) were identified. The diversity of carabid beetles at riverine wetland such as Woopo (H'=1.18) and Hwapo-neup (H'=1.08) were higher than in the forested wetland (H'=1.03) and estuarine (H'=0.91). Species compositions in each wetland were significantly different(${\chi}^2=1716.8$, P<0.01). Riverine wetlands differed significantly from the forested wetland. Indicator species for the wetland chose with indicator species analysis were reacted sensitively on the parameter such as soil composition, moisture of soil, and environmental change. Thus, it was consequently suggested that these indicator species may be applied for wetland characterization and monitoring of the wetland ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

Data mining is the method to find useful information for large amounts of data in database It is used to find hidden knowledge by massive data, unexpectedly pattern, relation to new rule. The methods of data mining are decision tree, association rules, clustering, neural network and so on. We analyze Gyeongnam social indicator survey data by 2001 using association rule technique for environment information. Association rule mining searches for interesting relationships among items in a given large data set. Association rules are frequently used by retail stores to assist in marketing, advertising, floor placement, and inventory control. There are three primary quality measures for association rule, support and confidence and lift. We can use to environmental preservation and environmental improvement by association rule outputs

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-107
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• 1998

In this study, the indicator is established by the human activities which cause the load of the environment, the effect of the human activities on the environment, the state of the natural environment in the city, and the effort on improving this state. And this indicator is based on the DPSR(Driving Force, Pressure, State, Response)framework which combines the PSR framework of GECD with the DSR framework of UNCSD. Coexistent indicators between men and nature among the established environmental indicators apply to the case cities such as Suwon, Songnam, Bucheon, Ansan and the results are analyzed in detail. The environmental indicators established in this study will be the concrete and persuasive means which can evaluate the possibility of the sustainability that is the paradigm of the new city development when the environmental quality or state of the existing cities is evaluated.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.384-401
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• 2016

The vegetation assessment indicator has been developed recently as a biological part of the integrated assessment system for river environment to improve the efficiency of river restoration projects. This study carried out to test the vegetation assessment indicator and to reset its grade criteria on experimental streams. We classified and mapped vegetation communities at the level of physiognomic-floristic composition by each assessment unit. A total of 204 sampling quadrats were set up on the 68 assessment units at 5 experimental streams. By analyzing the vegetation data collected, we examined the appropriate numbers of sampling quadrats, the criteria of vegetation index score, classification of vegetation community, and grade criteria for vegetation assessment. The developed vegetation assessment indicator composed with the vegetation complexity index (VCI), the vegetation diversity index (VDI), and the vegetation naturalness index (VNI) was proved to reflect the current conditions of the streams sufficiently. The contribution of vegetation naturalness index to grading by vegetation assessment indicator was larger, but three indexes were closely correlated to each other. Also there was more clearer discrimination of grading with the application of adjusted criteria of vegetation assessment indicator and the standardized classification of vegetation community, but the stream segment type did not influence the vegetation assessment grade significantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.850-853
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• 2011

The position indicator for cryogenic valves used in space launch vehicle should have high reliability and accuracy. Because the valves operate in cryogenic environment, the position indicator has to measure the valve status independently of the environmental factor, such as moisture and external contamination. We have developed the position indicator using a permanent magnet and reed switches to satisfy these requirements. We analyzed the characteristics of a permanent magnet and reed switches, then selected the appropriate components for cryogenic temperature. The shape and position of components were also considered to measure the open/close information of valve accurately Finally, the position indicator was applied to the valve prototype model, and verified the feasibility of design parameters.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Life Cycle Assessment for the pulp, which is mainly used as the raw material of fine paper, base paper for food packaging and paper cup, has been carried out in this study to consider environmental aspects by quantifying the environmental emission and to evaluate its environmental impact potential. The system boundary was selected from cradle to gate stage(raw material acquisition, transportation of raw material and product manufacturing) of the product. Environmental impact was divided into 8 categories considering Korean situation: abiotic resource depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidant creation, ecotoxicity and human toxicity. In Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA) methodology phase, Ecopoint, Eco-indicator 95 and Korean eco-indicator were used and the results carried out by each methodology were compared. The results from this study were also compared with those of foreign study to verify the reliability of the results. The results of the study could be utilized as the basic data for Environmental Management System(EMS), Design for Environment(DfE) and Type III eco-labeling in the paper and paper-related industry.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.345-353
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• 2024

As biodiversity loss has been highlighted as a global risk, biodiversity activities are gaining attention as a part of companies' Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) related management. This study evaluates various biodiversity activities of corporations based on domestic and international indicators. We present the role of corporations expressly in afforestation activities and suggest additional information that should be disclosed for the accurate verification of environmental values by third parties. KT&G was selected as the subject of the evaluation. The 4th National Biodiversity Strategy was used as a domestic indicator, and GRI Standard 304 as an international indicator. Companies can play a leading role in planning, implementing, and monitoring afforestation activities and should further disclose the species composition of the forests created and the age of the seedlings to enhance the credibility of the environmental values stated in their sustainability reports.