• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.119-166
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• 2019

The risk of electromagnetic field(EMF) from power lines has been heavily disputed whenever high-voltage power line towers were built in South Korea. Local communities and civic groups had regarded burying the lines in the ground as an alternative to building power line towers. In 2014, however, when an elementary school science teacher reported the results of EMF measurements over the underground power lines to the Asian Citizens' Center for Environment and Health (ACCEH), the risk controversy over underground power lines took a whole new turn. The level of EMF from underground power lines turned out to be higher, and therefore more harmful than that from power line towers. In the debates that took place from then on over the EMF risk, ACCEH and NIER(National Institute of Environmental Research) presented conflicting topographies of EMF risk. This paper examines measuring practices of ACCEH and NIER by analyzing the measuring sites, measuring devices, and measuring heights chosen by each organization. This paper further examines how ACCEH and NIER mobilized various standards(EMF exposure limit, measurement guideline, categorization of carcinogens) differently. This controversy on the EMF from underground power lines of Seoul has raised concerns on the non-thermal effects of EMF in the long-term exposure and has led people to question whether burying the power lines is the safe alternative to building power line towers. Furthermore, this suggests conflicting answers on whether Seoul, where 90 % of transmission lines were already buried, is a safely managed place or not.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

This study was carried out to provide basic information for standard cultivation guideline of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng). Environmental conditions, soil properties, growth process, cultivation methods and sowing timing were investigated in cultivations of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng in Korea (18 region in 9 province). Most of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng was cultivated to north, north-east, east or north-west direction in broad-leaved forest, IV age group, and 500~1,000 trees/ha. Elevation was below 500 m and slope was below $25^{\circ}$ in cultivation. There were significant differences in soil properties by region and cultivation based on organic matter (3.43~24.07%) and pH level (3.8~5.7). Sprouting, leaf unfolding, flowering, fruiting, red ripening, fruit drop and leaf drop of Korean mountain cultivated ginseng was investigated in cultivation. The results show that it took 98 days on average for the whole growth process. There were two methods, sowing and transplant for cultivation. Sowing methods were classified in sowing after opening-testa treatment and direct sowing. and it was 70% and 30%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed worldwide through the recombinant DNA technology and commercialized by global agricultural companies. Until now, GM crops have not been cultivated commercially in Korea. Commercialization of GM crops requires a compulsory assessment of environmental risk associated with the release of GM crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of pollen mediated gene flow from Bt transgenic rice (Agb0101) to japonica non-GM rice (Nakdongbyeo), indica non-GM rice (IR36), and weedy rice (R55). A total of 729,917, 596,318 and 230,635 seeds were collected from Nakdongbyeo, IR36, and R55, respectively, which were planted around Agb0101. Selection of the hybrids was determined by repeated spraying of herbicide and Cry1Ac1 immunostrip assay. Finally, the hybrids were confirmed by PCR analysis using specific primer. The hybrids were found in all non-GM rice and out-crossing ranged from 0.0005% at IR36 to 0.0027% at Nakdongbyeo. All of hybrids were located within 1.2 m distance from the Agb0101 rice plot. The meteorological elements including rainfall and temperature during rice flowering time were found to be important factors to determine rice out-crossing rate. Consideration should be taken for many factors like the meteorological elements of field and physiological condition of crop to set up the safety management guideline to prevention of GM crops gene flow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-156
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the Sinseo Innovation City of Daegu has been eco-friendly developed by analyzing changes in NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature) and conducting field surveys. Using Landsat satellite images, it compares NDVI and LST changes between the years of 2008 and 2018. The results of the study are as follows. First, the NDVI has decreased by 0.07 and the zLST has increased by $0.85^{\circ}C$ over the past 10 years. Second, districts with lower NDVI and higher zLST were concentrated with infrastructure with impermeable materials. Districts with higher NDVI and lower zLST were utilized urban design techniques such as permeable parking lot, green roof, and permeable pavement. Third, districts with higher NDVI and lower zLST were applied eco-friendly planning items properly by district unit plan guideline. It is meaningful to suggest planing directions and urban planning elements considering the environmental friendly development.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This study has purpose to minimize the impact of climate change of Siheung. Vulnerability assessment was carried out for establishing the Siheung Climate Change Master Plan. Climate change vulnerability assessment analyzed using climate exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity indicators. A proxy variable is selected from each indicator. Meteorological data uses the RCP scenarios provided by the Meteorological Administration, and this study assumes that the same trend will continues in the future. Siheung are vulnerable to heavy rains in the flooded roads and farmland. Also, it is necessary to be careful heat wave in summer. The size and scale of the damage depends on the city's ability to respond to the impacts of climate change. It is necessary to make a adaptation plan for climate change impact assessment and vulnerability analysis. This study will be used to make Siheung Climate Change Master Plan and to determine the priority of the policy as guideline. It is expected that this study is helpful to pursue climate change vulnerability assessment of other local governments.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.991-999
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• 2018

In urban areas, the proportion of railway traffic in public transport is increasing. The congestion situation is repeated as the passengers concentrate on station and transfer facilities and the inconvenience of the passengers is increasing in terms of safety and convenience. Therefore, the importance of estimating the appropriate area of the station has been emphasized. The area estimation formula used in the metropolitan railway stations currently is a partial modification of the area estimation formula of Japan in the 1970s. It does not reflect changes in the social and cultural environment and patterns of passengers. The technical basis for major decision variables is insufficient. Therefore, the theoretical basis of the area estimation formula and the pedestrian environment satisfaction of the design guideline of metropolitan railway stations were analyzed in order to suggest improvement formula. The improved area estimation formula was verified by conducting field surveys on 5 stations of metropolitan railways and 15 stations of urban railways. The existing area estimation formula is LOS E grade for the main space. However, the LOS D grade is implemented when the improved area estimation formula is applied. Based on the results, the design factors for the area estimation formula are suggested.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.9-20
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• 2018

Financial service industry has introduced and operated management systems such as information security management system (ISMS), personal information security management system, business continuity management system to protect and maintain suitably customer's financial information and financial service. This study started that it's desirable financial industry takes consideration of ISMS and it can be different types among various organizations taking consideration of culture, practical work, and guideline of information security. The study derives primary control areas of ISMS through analyzing non-conformity trends and control factors according to certification audit for finance-related organizations introduced international ISMS of ISO27001 which is well known and commonly applicable irrespective of areas in financial service industry. Through case analyses for five finance-related organizations operating ISMS, this study analyzed improvement effects of ISMS. It has a meaning as an initial research though it was difficulty in acquiring data for empirical study because of rare organizations maintaining certification in financial sector. As a result, number of non-confirmity from the first audit to three years' elapse was decreased every year. Physical and environmental security, communication and operations management, and access control having the highest frequency of non-conformity each presented 23%, 19%, and 17%, which reached 59% in total and they are derived into primary control areas. ISMS can fulfill technical, managerial, physical security issues, which have not been treated importantly in financial industry. In addition, this study presented that ISMS can be an effective management system applicable for financial service industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated the skin permeability of lawsone in henna hair dyes to understand the exposure characteristics of henna hair dyes in the human body. It examined the protective effects of protectants by applying protectants A, B, and C to test skin. Methods: Skin absorption tests were conducted using Franz diffusion cells according to OECD test guideline 428. After applying one kind of natural henna hair dye and chemical henna hair dye, respectively, to a standardized pig skin model, samples of receptor fluid were collected at 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h. The skin permeation of lawsone was determined using HPLC. After the skin absorption experiment, the skin to which hair dye was applied was analyzed to determine the residual amount of lawsone in the skin. Results: The cumulative permeation of both natural and chemical henna hair dyes increased over time, and the natural henna hair dye had a flux value (t=3.194, p<.05) high both in the K_p value (t=3.207, p<.05) and the residual amount (t=22.701, p<.001). For skin treated with a protectant, the cumulative permeation of natural henna hair dye 24h control and the cumulative permeation of protectant A, B, and C increased over time. Flux and K_p values were in the order control > protectant A > protectant C > protectant B. The residual amount (F=4.469, p<.05) was in the order of protectant C > protectant A > protectant B > control. At 3h, the dye application time of natural henna hair dye, the lawsone flux value (F=4.454, p<.05) and K_p value (F=4.455, p<.05) were higher in the control group than in the protectant groups. The 24h cumulative permeation of the chemical henna hair dye increased with time in both the control and the protectant groups, and the flux and K_p values were in the order of protectant A > protectant C > protectant B > control. The residual amount (F=7.901, p<.01) was in the order of protectant B > protectant A> protectant C > control. Conclusions: Within the normal dyeing time for henna hair dye (three hours for natural henna hair dyes and 30 minutes for chemical henna hair dyes) lawsone skin penetration was not observed even when no protective agent was applied. After that time, however, evidence of skin penetration and retention of lawsone and the protective effect of protective agents were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-188
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• 2019

Recently, citizens are feeling anxious as 'Motiveless Crime' increases. The quality of citizens life is degraded and the degree of crime fear is increasing. In this study, based on various variables related to crime other than actual crime occurrence status, crime occurrence points (point line polygon) felt by citizens are created by using mental map methodology. And the purpose of this study is to derive the area of concern for crime through spatial overlap analysis using kernel density estimation analysis. It also uses spatial overlay analysis using kernel density estimation to derive areas of concern for crime occurrence. As a result, the local residents' request point and the areas of concern for crime were overlapped. In addition, the mental map indicating the fear of crime was constructed by mapping mainly the areas between the facilities, the non-construction area such as the narrow area, the security CCTV, the streetlight. This study is meaningful in that it tried to derive a crime occurrence concern area by using mental map method unlike the previous study related to crime. The results of this study, such as mental map, could be used in various fields such as construction of fragile crime map, guideline of crime prevention through environment design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 2021

This study surveyed residents and public officials for the projects to make smart-city plans of Geumsan-gun. First, domestic and foreign cases related to smart city projects were reviewed. The local status of Geumsan-gun was investigated regarding various aspects of the natural, social, urban environment, and smart-city facilities. The survey results were as follows. Overall, more than half of the survey respondents said they were satisfied with their housing quality. Several problems in their areas, such as inefficient welfare system, shortage of parking space, and industrial infrastructure, were reported. On the other hand, tourism and leisure facilities, health care support systems, industries to boost the economy, and the job market were also important issues. The problem was that the regional problems mentioned above were not in line with their preferences for smart-city services. The implications of the survey results could be summed up as follows. The groupware surveys of Geumsan-gun should be used as survey tools, whereas IT survey tools (Google, Survey Monkey, etc.) should be used for locals. In particular, a survey targeting residents should ask plain and compact questions taking advantage of local gatherings. It is also important to have a pilot-survey with relevant public officials and select related projects and regional issues. The survey of local residents and public officials is a prerequisite for promoting smart city projects. The smart city project shall reflect the needs of residents while solving community problems by considering the survey results and local conditions.