• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2023

The aviation industry has continued to grow despite the influence of external environmental factors such as SARS and MERS. However, this growth has led to a sharp decrease in air traffic and a crisis of flight suspension due to the collapse of the global value chain and the decline of the world economy as the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the decrease in the number of international flights, aviation workers such as pilots and cabin crew were exposed to high psychological stress and fatigue, such as large-scale layoffs, job instability, decrease in income, and increased risk of infection during. Recently, the international community has eased immigration restrictions through quarantine activities, and airlines are taking a step further to recover existing air demand. However, during the crisis period, a significant number of professional workers have been turned off or fired, and the physical and mental fatigue of those who can perform their duties is increasing. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the direction of policy improvement and the identification of problems in aviation safety and fatigue management after the pandemic.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2023

Climate change is a global emergency. Consequently, current global targets to combat the climate crisis include reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and keeping global temperature increases below 1.5 ℃. In 2014, the healthcare carbon footprint was 5.5% of the total national footprint. Gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) has a large carbon footprint compared to other procedures performed in healthcare facilities. GIE was identified as the third largest generator of medical waste in healthcare facilities for the following reasons: (1) GIE is associated with high case volumes, (2) GIE patients and relatives travel frequently, (3) GIE involves the use of many nonrenewable wastes, (4) single-use devices are used during GIE, and (5) GIE is frequently reprocessed. Immediate actions to reduce the environmental impact of GIE include: (1) adhering to guidelines, (2) implementing audit strategies to determine the appropriateness of GIE, (3) avoiding unnecessary procedures, (4) using medication rationally, (4) digitalization, (5) telemedicine, (6) critical pathways, (7) outpatient procedures, (8) adequate waste management, and (9) minimizing single-use devices. In addition, sustainable infrastructure for endoscopy units, using renewable energy, and 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) programs are necessary to reduce the impact of GIE on the climate crisis. Consequently, healthcare providers need to work together to achieve a more sustainable future. Therefore, strategies must be implemented to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in the healthcare field, especially from GIE, by 2050.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elementary school parents' environmental literacy varied according to independent variables, to verify specific variables that affected their environmental literacy, and to analyze the correlation between elementary school students' and their parents' environmental literacy. Twelve elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do were chosen for purposive sampling. 342 questionnaires were used for analysis among the 350 questionnaires collected during the study, and their environmental literacy was measured through 55 questions consisted of 12 items for knowledge category, 22 for attitude category, 5 for behavior category, and 3 for skills category with 16 demographic variables. Statistical analysis was conducted on each of the variables that make up environmental literacy through mean t-test, F-distribution, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows. (1) there is the difference according to age and career in parent's actual environmental literacy, but there is no difference in geneder, birthplace, residential type, religion and income. The parents in forties scored significantly higher than parents in thirties in subdomains of environmental skill and environmental interest in environmental literacy. And the parents with bachelor's degree scored significantly higher than parents with at least a high school diploma in subdomains of ecological knowledge, knowledge on environmental problems & issue, environmental skill and environmental behavior. (2) the most influential media on parents' environmental literacy is TV, then newspaper, internet and book follow. (3) the correlation between environmental crisis and environmental interest is the highest, but the mainly negative correlation is analysed between knowledge subdomains and other subdomains. (4) there is the correlation between elementary school students' and their parents' environmental literacy.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

Recently, various efforts for the extended utilization of woody biomass has been attempted due to the fact that global warming, energy and environmental problems are urgent ones to be solved. Development of new energy sources at our national security level is desperately needed as we depend on almost all of energies supplied from other countries, let alone the economic crisis caused by oil price hike. Woody biomass can be converted to energy by means of thermochemical, biological, or direct combustion processes. Many processes are available for producing bioenergy, such as bioethanol, wood pellet, wood chip, combined heat, and power system. Political support and R&D investment should be provided that can boost the utilization of the wood biomass, the eco-environment, and recyclable and alternative energy resources for national power security. In addition, a long-term strategy that can utilize unused and low efficient woody biomass resources, and systematically collect and manage them in a national level should be set up. Even though the possibility in total exchange of fossil oil with woody biomass is quite low, technology developments of woody biomass for the solution to global warming and environmental problem through its commercialization are expected to grow steadily.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

The Philippine government enacted the National Water Crisis Act in 1995, as a response to the burgeoning situation of water supply systems in the country. This act led to the privatization of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), sector having jurisdiction and control over all waterworks and sewerage systems in a service area including Metro Manila. Nowadays, the region's supply of water is still facing a lot of difficulties, both in quality and quantity. The unabated migration of people to the metro which increases its population, tapping from the aged pipelines, lack of water facilities and infrastructure, excessive groundwater withdrawal, environmental degradation, and surface and groundwater pollution are some of the issues that Metro Manila have to deal with. These situations lead to two primary water supply issues suffered by Metro Manila: water shortage and flooding. The purpose of this paper was to present water supply in Metro Manila with respect to the problems in its distribution, environmental implications and quality. In this paper, several technical reports, published literature, and news articles were consulted and became the major basis for identifying gaps and suggesting remedial measures.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.213-216
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• 2015

Despite the significant increase of Korean contractors in the international construction market, many SMCCs (Small & Medium Construction Companies) have suffered in the global financial crisis, and some of them have been kicked out of the international market after experiencing huge losses on projects. SMCCs face obstacles in the international market, such as an insufficient ability to gather information and inappropriate management of associated risks, which lead to difficulties in establishing effective business strategies. In other words, making immature decisions without an effective business strategy may cause not only the failure of one project but also the bankruptcy of the SMCC. To overcome this, the research presented herein aims to propose a decision support system for SMCCs, which would screen projects and make a go/no-go decision at the early stages of international projects. The proposed system comprises a double axis: (1) a profit prediction model, which evaluates 10 project properties using an objective methodology based on a historical project performance database and roughly suggests expected profit rate, and (2) a feasibility assessment model, which evaluates 17 project environment factors in a subjective and quantitative methodology based on experience and supervision. Finally, a web-based system is established to enhance the practical usability, which is expected to be a good reference for inexperienced SMCCs to make proper decisions and establish effective business strategies.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

This study examined the educational effects of journal writing on environmental literacy of elementary students. Thirty-one 3rd grade students were involved in the journal writing which is considered as one of the most frequently performed writing activities in elementary students. Topics for the journal writing were chosen from a textbook on the environment. Before and after the journal writing, an instrument was used to measure the environmental literacy of the students. The environmental literacy instrument was originally developed by Jin (2004) then were modified by Kim (2005) for elementary students. The results of this study are as follows. The environmental literacy of the students, on average, was improved from 140.84 (74.5%) to 161.84 (85.6%) after the journal writing and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.46, p<.001). The environmental literacy scores were significantly improved in every variable after the journal writing: ecological knowledge(t=3.60, p<.01), environmental sensitivity(t=2.54, p<.05), knowledge of environmental issues(t=3.11, p<.01), environmental attitude(t=5.92, p<.001), environmental concern(t=5.27, p<.001), sense of environmental crisis(t=2.97, p<.01), environmental issue investigation and action strategy knowledge (t=2.34, p<.05), environmental skill(t=4.86, p<.001), locus of control(t=5.63, p<.001), and responsible environmental behavior(t=4.64, p<.001). This study also shows that improvement of the students was statistically significant in each of the four levels of goals in environmental education: EE goal level I (t=4.22, p<.001), level II (t=7.53, p<.001), level III(t=5.01, p<.001), and level IV(t=5.46, p<.001). The results imply that the journal writing on the environment is effective in cultivating elementary students' environmental literacy and in achieving goals in environmental education.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2010

미국발 금융위기 여파로 세계경제가 침체되변서 LME의 base metal 가격이 2008년 4/4, 분기 급락하였으나, 2009년 1-7월 거시경제 회복신호와 함께 base metal 가격이 다시 상승세를 보였다. Base meta1 상승 배경에는 미국 기업들의 개선된 실적 발표로 산업생산 및 제조업지수가 개선된 것 미달러화 약세로 인한 원자재 가격 상승, 그리고 무엇보다도 세계 금융 위기 속에도 경제성장을 위한 중국의 원자재 수요 증가가 주요 원인으로 꼽힌다. 이에 본 논문에서는 base metal 가격상승에 주요 base metal소비국의 수요가 영향을 주었는지를 중국 및 주요국 경제성장률을 가지고 회귀분석 하였다. 분석결과 중국의 경제 성장만이 LME시장의 base metal 가격상승에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이런 결과에도 불구하고, 그동안 중국 상품의 주요 소비시장이었던 미국, 유럽 동 선진국들 경제의 본격적인 회복 없이 중국경제만으로 base metal 가격 상승랠리가 지속될지 여부를 보고자 한다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2021

전 세계적으로 물 위기인 상황에서 깨끗한 물에 대한 수요는 꾸준히 이어지고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 정수를 위한 멤브레인 분리 기술은 중요하다. 멤브레인의 오염 때문에 멤브레인의 분리 효과는 방해되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근에 여러 방법으로 평막에 패턴을 제공하는 연구와 실험이 수행되었다. 멤브레인의 패턴화는 오염을 줄일 뿐 아니라 방법과 재료에 따라 물투과 유속을 증가시켰다. 각각의 적용된 사례에서 증가된 표면적, 높은 물 투과도, 그리고 향상된 여과 사이클 등과 같은 효과를 보여주었다. 본 총설에서는 오염방지에 대한 패턴화 멤브레인의 효과를 소개하고 논의한다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.65-86
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• 2023

Purpose - As globalization progresses, complexity also increases, and various factors that threaten port functions are emerging. Accordingly, the demand for port security to prevent the crisis and resilience that quickly recovers its original function after the crisis is also increasing in port operations. However, few studies have examined how to ensure the port security and how the resilience affects operation performance of port and sustainability performance as well. So the study aims to find out how port security affects port resilience and port operational performance, and consequently, this two factors affect socioeconomic and environmental sustainability performance respectively and synthetically. Design/methodology - Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was first performed to determine the validity of the factors of model and hypothesis test was performed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the Port Performance Model, which show the perception logic among port security level, port resilience, operation performance, and sustainability performance. In order to empirically analyze this model, total 264 respondents from port security operators, shipping companies in South Korea were surveyed. Findings - As result of SEM, First, port security level positively affected the resilience (H1) and cargo operational performance (H2) but not in both of the sustainability performances (H3, H4). Second, resilience positively affected only cargo operational performance (H5) and socio-economic sustainability performance (H7). Last, cargo operation performance positively affects the both of sustainability performances (H8, H9). Originality/value - It was confirmed that port security could improve cargo operational performance through ensuring port resilience and eventually increase the socio-economic sustainability. Therefore the study implies that careful integration and management of port security, port resilience, and sustainability are required, along with compromise on sustainable development goals in the social, economic, and environmental area among all stakeholders.