• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

A water treatment utility in South Korea operates a large system of pressurized hollow fiber membrane (PHFM) modules. The optimal selection of membrane module for the full scale plant was critical issue and carried out using Risk-based Life Cycle Cost (RbLCC) analysis based on the historical data of operation and maintenance. The RbLCC analysis was used in the process of decision-making for replacing aged modules. The initial purchasing cost and the value at risk during operation were considered together. The failure of modules occurs stochastically depending on the physical deterioration with usage over time. The life span of module was used as a factor for the failure of Poisson's probability model, which was used to obtain the probability of failure during the operation. The RbLCC was calculated by combining the initial cost and the value at risk without its warranty term. Additionally, the properties of membrane were considered to select the optimum product. Results showed that the module's life span in the system was ten years (120 month) with safety factor. The optimum product was selected from six candidates membrane for a full scale water treatment facility. This method could be used to make the optimum and rational decision for the operation of membrane water purification facility.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2011

국내 TCE에 의해 오염된 산업 공단내의 지하수 정화 방법으로 양수 및 처리(pump and treatment) 공법이 제안되었다. TCE 농도 0.6 mg/L 오염 지하수를 30년 동안 이 공법에 의해 처리하여 0.005 mg/L 이하 농도로 방류할 경우 그 과정에서 발생하는 환경 비용과 환경 편익을 전과정평가에 의해 산출하였으며 그에 따른 환경 영향 및 환경 효과를 분석하였다. 방류 지하수의 총량은 $2.96{\times}10^7m^3$이며 제거된 TCE의 총량은 최대 17.6 kg이었다. 환경 비용은 에너지의 소비, 자원의 소비, 대기, 수질 및 고형 폐기물 형태의 오염 물질의 배출량 등으로 산출되었으며 환경 편익은 정화된 지하수의 사용으로 얻어졌다. 환경 비용에 따른 환경 영향은 30년 동안 구동하는 pump에 의한 전력 사용, 발전을 위해 소모되는 석유, 석탄 등의 원자재의 소모, 방출되는 지구 온난화 및 산성 가스, 부영양화, 폐기물의 발생을 포함하며 토양/지하수 정화 공정 전과정평가 모델의 사용으로 정량화하고 전세계 일인당 소모 또는 배출하는 표준량으로 나누어 표준화하여 비교한 결과 산성비 원인 오염물 배출이 가장 심각하였다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2015

With 12 environmental basic facilities (EBF) in Busan, each business place's present situation of the operation of new and renewable energy as well as the feasibility to establish additional systems of utilizing solar energy (photovoltaic power generation system [PPGS] and solar heating system [SHS]) were investigated. Currently, with the environmental basic facilities, the new and renewable energies (such as, waste heat, biogas, PPGS, SHS, and small hydro power) can produce 195 GWh per year as electric power unit. Among the energy sources, except waste heat, biogas (154 GWh/yr) appears as the highest. Next, PPGS is the second most widely used system and produces 5,560 MWh/yr at 11 business places. Through a field survey, it appears that 19 business places of total 27 places at 12 EBFs have good locational conditions and they need an introduction of PPGS. Through it, it is investigated that it would be possible to produce 5,311 MWh/yr and to reduce $2,348tCO_2/yr$. And, it is identified that SHS can be additionally introduced in only 4 EBFs. This can reduce energy cost as much as one ten million won/yr and green-house gas as much as $28tCO_2/yr$. A cost-benefic analysis shows that the use of governmental support or private investment can be the most efficient way, when PPGS and SHS are introduced in EBFs.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.163-166
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• 2003

Hull form designers have to design a ship with satisfying an economical, technical and environmental demand. When it is concerned by a technical and environmental demand, there will be a economical demand left to criticize optimization. In this case, there were used to be requirements which needs to meet only a best performance not concerning about input of Human resource. Life cycle's cost contains building cost and operation cost so that now we need to check Man Hour cost in building a ship. This research shows a correlation between hull form information, i.e. curvature, length, breadth and thickness of surface and Man Hour of the Shell plating manufacture with using Artificial Neural Network and Gentic Programming. This study will support to classify initial work, to have a high assumption possible through predicting a Man Hour and to provide a guide book to infer a building cost and a economical optimization hull form.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

To improve environmental problem as globally climate changes, domestic and foreign government have been trying to reduce green gas emitted by all industries. With making the green building certification system that assess the substantiality and energy performance of building, a governments have been using by a way for reducing green gas emitted in building industry. G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design) developed in Korea have been reinforcing, and a number of projects certifying the G-SEED have been increasing continuously. As a demand of G-SEED certification is rising, a question on the additional cost data as certifying G-SEED is rising. It is because additional cost as getting the certification is important fact for G-SEED level decision and whether getting the certification or not. Therefore, this study analyzed additional construction cost as certifying G-SEED through performance improvement and design change of general office building not to get G-SEED. In conclusion, an additional construction cost ratio of G-SEED projects to the reference building is drawn as certified level; +0.26%, silver level; +2.29%, gold level; +3.89%, and platinum level; +5.48%.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2011

Han-ok has a long history and cultural traditions. It has green and healthy and culture but high construction costs, thermal insulation performance of residential and vulnerable to fires and have a weakness for maintenance. However, modernized resident housing, Han-ok is required to improve in terms of environmental aspect due to its weakness for insulating and inconvenience for modem era. Also Han-Ok's building is criticized as a huge dependence on subjective building experiences. This is pointed to be the biggest problem, Han-ok has. Traditionally it does not have a scientific and specific manual for construction. In this research, process simulation was adopted to develop Han-Ok's environmental improvements. In terms of LCC (Life Cycle Cost) aspect, however, Han-Ok's environmental characteristics are examined to suggest an appropriate Han-Ok construction method. Also the result of this research would be utilized to base the information database for efficient constructing and its management in new Han-Ok constructing industry.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This article examines the impact of electronic commerce on environmental welfare. In particular, we analyze a game model of price competition between offline and online firms when consumption taxes are imposed on both offline and online transactions that produce environmental pollution. We investigate the properties of optimal taxation between offline and online markets and demonstrate that there is an optimal difference between the two taxes, depending upon not only the transaction cost between offline and online consumption, but also the environmental damage cost. We also investigate the effect of tax-free online transactions on tax revenues, and the financial feasibility of the optimal taxation.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

This paper evaluates potential environmental impacts and external costs on rice production of Korea. The investigation is based on LCA in agricultural area which estimates inputs and outputs of rice production system in quantitative way. The results show that environmental impacts on organic rice(4.49E-08 DALY/kg) is level on 4.5% out of conventional rice(9.97E-07 DALY/kg). The external costs of organic and conventional rice are 4.04won/kg and 89.52won/kg respectively. The balance of both organic and conventional rice which is 85.48won/kg represents monetary value on improvement of environmental effects as producing organic rice.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

Industrial wastewater management guideline and evaluation model of Best Available Technologies for the leather tanning and finishing industry was developed as an economical evaluation model using evaluation of BAT including economical evaluation combined with cost analysis model and cost annualization model in considering of economical factors and non-water environmental factors. It was verified that approximately 10% will be increased annually to modify conventional treatment process ($3,700m^3/d$) of J leather wastewater treatment plant to advanced process of K leather wastewater treatment plant.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-76
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• 2009

LCA is nowadays getting popular as a tool to assess the environmental impacts. We can assess the environmental impacts of products and also compare the environmental performance between products with LCA. Furthermore, the LCA results can be used for designing eco-friendly products. But LCA needs an enormous amount of data collection, calculations of energy and material balance. which required to spend pretty much time and cost. However, If we use Input-Output Analysis, There is a lot of advantages that we can save time and cost to calculate and also analyze energy-material balance more comprehensively. Therefore, we implemented the fundamental research of the environmental impact assessment on railway system using life cycle inventory analysis and Input-Output Analysis method.