• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2017

This paper assessed environmental sanitation behaviour of market operators in selected markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. The two largest markets in the study area (Aleshinloye and Bodija markets) were selected for sampling. The selected markets represented the two types of markets; modern and traditional markets. The modern market comprises 3803 shops while the traditional market comprises 5943 shops. Multistage sampling technique was adopted in questionnaire administration. The selected markets were stratified into zones based on the goods sold. Systematic sampling was used in the selection of traders across the markets. 2% of traders were selected for sampling in each category of goods sold making a total of 189 respondents. This comprises 77 of traders from modern market and 112 traders from traditional markets. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used in analysing the data. Findings revealed poor access to environmental sanitation facilities especially at the traditional market. The study also established poor environmental sanitation behaviour in terms of utilisation of available amenities across both markets. It recommended a synergy of efforts by all environmentally concerned institutions in managing the market environment. It also advocated for the provision of environmental sanitation facilities in markets by, government, market management authorities, traders, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs). In addition environmental education is imperative while enforcement of environmental regulations in the market and others with similar setting is strongly encouraged.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.77-91
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• 2013

The researcher noted the fact that wetland users are more and more diversified while people are more conscious of their ecological importance. Wetlands tend to be very sensitive in ecological terms, and therefore, they can hardly accommodate their users' needs indefinitely. With such basic perception in mind, the purpose of this study was to survey wetland users' eco-consciousness, determine their traits, analyze the corelation between their traits and preferences of wetland amenities, and thereby, provide the data useful to planning of an effective wetland management policy. To this end, the researcher sampled nation's largest wetland, Upo Marsh located in Changnyeong for a questionnaire survey. Wetland users' eco-consciousness was measured, using Dunlap's NEP (New Ecological Paradigm) approved by many researchers. Wetland users' preferences of the wetland amenities were measured, centered around 11 amenity types observed commonly at the domestic wetlands. As a result of the survey conducted in October, 2012, a total of 228 effective samples were acquired. Wetland users' eco-consciousness was higher than normal, scoring 3.45 on the 5-point scale consisting of 5 sub-scales. In particular, users were more conscious of 'the possibility of an eco-crisis,' while being less conscious of 'ejection of exemptionalism.' As a result of classifying the users into 3 sub-groups in reference to their eco-consciousness and analyzing their preferences of amenities comparatively, significant differences were found in all 3 sub-areas. In particular, the sub-group most eco-conscious tended to prefer the learning amenities, but the least eco-conscious sub-group tended to prefer the utilities. As a result of the post-hoc test, it was found that most and normal eco-conscious sub-groups were more or less homogeneous, while the least eco-conscious sub-group was significantly different from the former 2 sub-groups in terms of eco-consciousness. As the wetland users were found to be diversified in terms of their eco-consciousness, it is necessary to plan the wetland management policies in consideration of such differences. However, it is perceived that the wetland amenities need to be built to meet the more eco-conscious users.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-21
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between residential environmental satisfaction and quality of life, and how the relationship between variables differed depending on housing type. Residential environments can affect a person's life in a variety of ways. However, there have not been many studies on the relationship between quality of life and residential environments, which increases the importance of this study. In this study, residential environments were categorized according to amenities, safety, and neighborhood relationships, which enabled the comparison of influence between these elements. In addition, this study analyzed the moderating effect of housing type to look for improvements for low-rise housing residents. For testing the hypotheses, moderating regression analysis was conducted with data from the 1^st Gyeonggi Province quality of life survey that had 18,953 subjects. Results showed that residential environmental satisfaction had a positive effect on quality of life, with amenities having the largest influence. Furthermore, housing type had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between safety and quality of life. In other words, safety was proven relatively important in improving quality of life for low-rise housing residents. Today, with the limits to quantitative growth, qualitative development has become more important. In this respect, this study provides important implications for many developing countries undergoing urbanization.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

This research aimed to assess nursing homes for the elderly with geriatric diseases in Japan, and to prepare the knowledge basis to develop nursing home for the elderly with geriatric diseases in Korea. For this, researcher visited 5 facilities in Tokyo from October 3 to October 9 in 2002, collected data by observations, interviews, and visual materials by taking photographs. Visual materials were analyzed according to the environmental assessment matrix consisted of supportiveness, flexibility, efficiency in perception, accessibility, safety, amenity, and social Interaction that were assorted and were given a name by these researchers in the process of this research. Among the characteristics of environmental design of the analysis cases, 992 items picked out from 722 visual materials were used in the analysis. The data were analyzed using the frequency and percentage with SPSS 11 program. The analysis results were the fellowing. The characteristics of recent nursing home design in Japan tended to focus on supportiveness, amenity, and efficiency in perception but to leave much desired in flexibility and safety. In each space, space to support outdoor activities tended to focus on efficiency in perception, space to support living activities tended to focus on amenities, space to support treatment and living tended to focus on supportiveness, space to support administration and operation tended to focus on supportiveness, and space to support movement tended to focus on amenities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2010

This study aims to, first, classify the approach system of utilizing national and local amenities into three groups: evaluation of the level of the amenity, evaluation of the value of amenity resources, and utilization of amenity resources. Secondly, the study aims to derive an evaluation index which is required according to the approach system. As for a strategy of utilizing amenities, the self-diagnosis based on the evaluation of the level of local amenities is required. In this study, three sectors, ten items and 43 detailed items have been derived though specialists, FGIs(Focus Group Interview), and the cases within and outside of the country. In the survey with specialists, a unit-space key index which can be used in accordance with the unit-space characteristics(such as urban and rural area, fishing villages, mountain villages, and littoral areas), environmental area, important index and optional index have been derived. As for the evaluation index which is needed for the development of typical local amenities resources, 14 detailed evaluation indexes from three sectors have been derived. These have been classified again into six key indexes, six important indexes and two optional indexes. In the evaluation index of amenity resources, natural and environmental value-such as ecological value of preservation, uniqueness of aesthetic landscape and ecological value of restoration-historic and cultural value of preservation and individuality of the resources, and aesthetic and cultural values are derived as being important. As for utilization of amenity resources, 15 items from three sectors-such as reservation, restoration, intentional use, and industrial use-have been derived. Also, through a survey with specialists, key indexes and important indexes were derived by unit-space. As a result, in urban areas, seven items-including creative development of space, aesthetic landscape control and development of cultural contents-have been derived as key indexes; in rural areas, mountain villages, fishing villages and littoral areas, eight items-including brand of region, brand of the products, and brand of tourism resources-have been derived. In environmental areas, six items-including reservation of natural resources, historic and cultural heritage, and restoration of ecosystem-have been derived. Indexes derived from this study can be utilized in order to establish a strategy for amenity plans and an implementation strategy, but can be readjusted, allowing for various regional characteristics. It is, thus, advisable that local governments selectively utilize indexes according to regional characteristics or newly develop them for the maximum utilization of regional amenities.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.665-676
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• 2019

The Korean society is currently showing a decrease in the child population and a rapid increase in the elderly population due to low birth rates and aging, but the current park system does not reflect the changing population structure. This study aimed to find ways to plan and promote use of senior-friendly parks for the aging society. The results are as follows. First, the elderly mostly gathered in Tapgol Park and Jongmyo Park which were accessible to subways and close to amenities and traditional markets. The elders usually gathered around buffer zones or green spaces set up to protect cultural heritages. Second, many elderly users were observed in Osolgil Silver Park and Sinteuri Park which were renovated with senior-friendly concept. These parks were recognized as places that the elderly people could visit without minding users of other generations because the elderly users were ensured by words such as 'seniors only' or 'senior-friendly'. Third, the importance of the locational conditions for the senior-friendly parks should be mentioned. A senior-friendly park must be located in an urban center to have convenient access to transportation, secure large green spaces, and make elderly users feel at ease with social connectivity when they use the amenities there. Fourth, the survey results showed that elderly people visited parks to exerciseand take a walk (track),by age, older age groups visited the park to socialize with other elders around their age. Fifth, the most desired facilities for constructing senior-friendly parks were fitness equipment, and sports facilities like a trail, track, and gateball field, and in some cases, vegetable gardens and indoor rest area to avoid wind in cold weather.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1995

The resident attitude for preservation and development of amenity in Eulsuk island and its downstream area at estuary of Nakdong river in Korea were investigated by the questionnaires and the field surveys. Based on the results, the characteristics of this study area are the natural ecological preservation area, natural environmental preservation area and curtural assets for migratory birds. And there are a estuary bank, a Dadae beach and a Molundae park. Special amenities are (1) the light (sunrise, sunset etc), (2) the water(river, sea etc.), (3) the air(fresh wind, beautiful sound etc.), (4) the land space(beautiful view, recreation field, reed area, pine forest etc.) and (5) the stream(dancing of migratory birds, water flow, folk dance, history remains etc.). But at present, the environmental qualities as health, aesthetics safety, amenity and culture are deteriorated by development. So the number of migratory birds are decreasing. The residents desired that in future this area be use for the recreation space, the park and the natural leaning fields etc, as well as the restoration of destroyed resources.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 1993

Evaluation methods are employed in environmental impact assessment to choose between different project site, to determine the required measures to compensate impact and to decide whether the environmental impacts are more important than the social or economic effects of a project. The main obstacles that restrict use of quantitative evaluation method are a Lack of knowledge about the environmental effects (e.g. if impacts on wildlife or landscape amenities are predicted) and the relative importance of economic and social issues compared with nature conservation stability of ecosystem or landscape beauty. In Germany, the most common method for site planning is the "ecological risk analysis". It is a kind of multi-criteria-decision-method based on quantitative and qualitative description and ordinal ranking. The various kinds of "ecological balancing methods" that are more recently developed (within the last decade) to quantify the required amount for compensatory measures instead often use cardinal figures to express the value of ecosystems, the intensity of impacts, the need for additional measures to compensate for long recuperative periods when restoring ecosystems and so on. There are still only a view attempts to quantify decisions between environmental and socio-economic issues. Multicriteria-analysis as well as cost-benifit-analysis was used. Some new approaches which are still in a preliminary status are based on contingent valuation and on calculations for compensatory payments (instead of compensatory measures).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.56-65
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendliness' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to establish the evaluation model for environmentally-friendliness of 'Tourism Farms' in rural areas by LISREL structural equation model. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. As the Result of LISREL structural equation model, the environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories. First, conservation of global environment (Low Impact), second, friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and third, environmental health and amenities (Health & Amenity). Five indicators, such as (1)saving of energy and water resource, (2)reduction and reuse of garbage, (3)natural purification of sewage disposal, (4)utilization of natural energy, (5)campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). Friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, (1)contact to nature and diverse green areas, (2)water intimate & contact areas, (3)natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, (1)nature affinity by farming experience, (2)environmental-friendliness of soil & crops by organic farming, (3) campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. Total coefficient of determination of the structural equation model by LISREL was 0.897, which showed high explanatory power.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.