• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2021

The application of environmental DNA in the domestic ecosystem is also accelerating, but the processing and analysis of the produced data is limited, and doubts are raised about the reliability of the analyzed and produced biological taxa identification data, and the sample medium (target sample, water, air, sediment, Gastric contents, feces, etc.) and quantification and improvement of analysis methods are also needed. Therefore, in order to secure the reliability and accuracy of biodiversity research using the environmental DNA of the domestic ecosystem, it is a process of actively using the database accumulated through ecological taxonomy and undergoing verification procedures, and experts verifying the resolution of the data increased by gene sequence analysis. This is absolutely necessary. Environmental DNA research cannot be solved only by applying molecular biology technology, and interdisciplinary research cooperation such as ecology-taxa identification-genetics-informatics is important to secure the reliability of the produced data, and researchers dealing with various media can approach it together. It is an area in desperate need of an information sharing platform that can do this, and the speed of development will proceed rapidly, and the accumulated data is expected to grow as big data within a few years.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.489-496
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• 2014

Polygonatum is a genus placed in the family Liliaceae, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and 16 of the species are grown naturally in Korea. In oriental medicine, the rhizomes of Polygonatum have been used as two different medicines, Okjuk (Polygonati odorati Rhizoma) and Hwangjeong (Polygonati Rhizoma). However, it is difficult to identify the morphological and chemical differences between the medicinal groups and thus easy to confuse the one with the other. Therefore, a clear classification standard needs to be established so as to be able to discriminate between them. In the study, the morphological characteristics of the plants, Polygonatum spp., were examined. Then, the differences in SNPs among the DNA sequences of 7 of the Polygonatum spp. and 1 of the Disporum spp. were analyzed by DNA barcoding with rpoC1, rpoB2, matK, and psbA-trnH of the cpDNA region. In the results, three regions, rpoC1, rpoB2, and matK were useful for discriminating the species, P. stenophyllum and P. sibiricum. Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate the individual germplasm within the species by using the combination of the results obtained from rpoB2, rpoC1, and matK.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, a keystone species with significant ecological and commercial importance, is declining globally throughout much of its range. While traditional fishing equipment methods remain limited, new sensitive and rapid detection methods should be developed to monitor fisheries resources. To monitor the presence and quantity of C. pallasii from environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from seawater samples, a pair of primers and a TaqMan^® probe specific to this fish based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (COB) sequences were designed for the real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. The combination of our molecular markers showed high specificity in the qPCR assay, which affirmed the success of presenting a positive signal only in the C. pallasii specimens. The markers also showed a high sensitivity for detecting C. pallasii genomic DNA in the range of 1 pg~100 ng rxn^-1 and its DNA plasmid containing COB amplicon in the range of 1~100,000copies rxn^-1, which produced linear standard calibration curves (r²=0.99). We performed a qPCR assay for environmental water samples obtained from 29 sampling stations in the southeastern coastal regions of South Korea using molecular markers. The assay successfully detected the C. pallasii eDNA from 14 stations (48.2%), with the highest mean concentration in Jinhae Bay with a value of 76.09±18.39 pg L^-1 (246.20±58.58 copies L^-1). Our preliminary application of molecular monitoring of C. pallasii will provide essential information for efficient ecological control and management of this valuable fisheries resource.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2022

This study aims to understand the relationship between the distribution of fish species in the two water ecosystems and the habitat factors according to the survey period targeting Gwanggyo Lake Park in the city. There are studies on the appearance and distribution of species by applying eDNA to freshwater ecosystems. However, in the domestic, streams are the target, and studies on the relationship between species distribution and habitat environment in two water environments are lacking. We conducted to analyze the species list and relationship with habitat factors using eDNA research in May and October at 21 points in Gwanggyo Lake Park, Suwon City, which were connected to lakes and streams. As a result, there was no species difference in the water environment according to the survey period. However, the total number of reads during the spawning season(May) was 3,126,482, which was more than double that after the spawning season(October). Tolerant species appeared in Woncheon Lake with a slow or stagnant flow, but there was no significant correlation between species and habitat factors depending on the survey period. On the other hand, intermediate and sensitive species appeared in the Woncheon stream with high flow. There was a significant correlation between the low temperature during the spawning season and the high dissolved oxygen content after the spawning season(P<0.001, Tem.: 20.7±2.6℃, DO: 8.6±1.7). It is expected that environmental DNA will be used to survey species and suggest monitoring methods according to the survey period.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 1995

The effects of DNA polymerase $\beta$ on the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombinations were investigated using the transgenic Drosophila beating chimetic gene consisting of a promoter region of Drosophila actin 5C gene and rat DNA polymerase $\beta$. For detecting the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombinations, the heterozygous (mwh/+) strains possessing or lacking transgene poi 13 were used. The spontaneous frequency of small mwh spots, due to deletion or nondisjunction etc., in the non-transgenic w strain and the transgenic p[pol $\beta$]-130 strain was 0.351 and 0.606, respectively. The spontaneous frequency (0.063) of large mwh spots, arises mostly from somatic recombination between the centromere and the locus mwh, in the transgenic p[pol $\beta$]-130 strain was about three times higher than that (0.021) of the non-transgenic w strain. The mutant clone frequencies of small and large mwh spots induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and ethyl methanesulfonate in the transformant p[pol $\beta$]-130 were higher than those in the host strain w. The present results suggest that rat DNA polymerase $\beta$ participate at least in the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombination processes.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

The genotoxic effect of antimalarial drugs amodiaquine (AQ), mefloquine (MQ) and halofantrine (HF) was investigated in.at liver cells using the alkaline comet assay. AQ, MQ and HF at concentrations between $0-1000{\mu}mol/L$ significantly increased DNA strand breaks of rat liver cells dose-dependently. The order of induction of strand breaks was AQ>MQ>HF. The rat liver cells exposed to AQ and HF (200 and 400 ${\mu}mol/L$) and treated with (Fpg) the bacterial DNA repair enzyme that recognizes oxidized purine showed greater DNA damage than those not treated with the enzyme, providing evidence that AQ and HF induced oxidation of purines. Such an effect was not observed when MQ was treated with the enzyme. Treatment of cells with catalase, an enzyme inactivating hydrogen peroxide, decreased significantly the extent of DNA damage induced by AQ, and HF but not the one induced by MQ. Similarly quercetin, an antioxidant flavonoid at $50{\mu}mol/L$ attenuated the extent of the formation of DNA strand breaks by both AQ and HE. Quercetin, however, did not modify the effects of MQ. These results indicate the genotoxicity of AQ, MQ and HF in rat liver cells. In addition, the results suggest that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the formation of DNA lesions induced by AQ and HF and that, free radical scavengers may elicit protective effects against genotoxicity of these antimalarial drugs.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 54 specimens of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) species complex sampled from the southern coast of Korea was assayed for polymorphism with a portion of the COIII gene (336 bp). Fifteen haplotypes were found. PAUP, one-step networks, and PHYLIP analyses revealed the presence of two clearly differentiated mitochondrial clades (termed clades B and E), separated by 3.6% of minimum sequence divergence. The distribution pattern of the species appears to be consistent with category II of the phylogeographic pattern sensu (Avise et al., 1987): the presence of two discontinuous and distinct mtDNA genotypes in the same geographic region. This unusual mitochondrial polymorphism was explained by the presence of the Mediterranean species, M. galloprovincialis, possessing mtDNA of both M. galloprovincialis and M. edulis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2020

The object of this study was to obtain nuclear DNA content data for representatives of the 15 shellfish species that inhabit the coast of Korea. In the gastropoda group, the DNA content (pg DNA nucleus^-1) was 3.3±0.08 in Haliotis discus hannai and 2.4±0.18 in Batillus cornutus. In the bivalvia group, the DNA content(pg DNA nucleus^-1) was 2.0±0.15 in Scapharca broughtonii, 3.0±0.12 in Mytilus galloprovincialis, 2.9±0.05 in Meretrix lusoria, 2.2±0.03 in Meretrix lamarkii, 2.6±0.05 in Fulvia mutica, 1.8±0.18 in Tegillarca granosa, 3.3±0.01 in Solen corneus, 2.2±0.04 in Barnea manilensis, in 2.5±0.32 in Crassostrea gigas, 3.9±0.24 in Atrina pectinate, 3.5±0.15 in Patinopecten yessoensis, 1.9±0.16 in Amygdala philippinarum, and 2.3±0.14 in Pseudocardium sachalinensis. The results of this study provide new information for a better understanding of the genomic evolution process of the shellfish species investigated in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

In order to know the biological effect of effluent from shipyard and the adjacent stream water on four organisms (flatfish, rockfish, sea squirt and arkshell) cultured around the shipyard, lethal rate and DNA damage were measured after 48 hr exposure and carried out by a single cell gel electrophoresis, namely comet assay. $LC_{50}$ (48 hr) could not be calculated in any organism 48 hours after exposure to effluent from shipyard and stream water, because all organism showed a lethal rate lower than 20%. Regardless of no acute toxicity, DNA damage of flatfish and rockfish was detected higher in Jang-Pyoung stream than in control, whereas sea squirt revealed higher DNA damage in laundry waste water. From these results, Jang-Pyoung stream seemed to have a relatively higher genotoxicity rather than effluent from shipyard.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 1991

The effect of patulin, a mycotoxin, on the growth of Escherichia coli cell was investigated. E. coli cell elongation usually shown in SOS-response for DNA repair was induced by 20 mg of patulin per ml. After staining the E. coli chromosome with fluorescence dye(DAPI, 4', 6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole), chromosomal DNA partitioning was not affected by patulin. The observation indicateds that patulin acts as a DNA damaging agent which is effective for E. coli cell elongation introduced by the inhibition of septum formation.