• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

Purpose: The research looks at differences between the 'General ward' and the 'Comprehensive nursing ward' in Seoul Medical Center, regarding the facility improvements and changes in nursing services. It investigates and analyzes spatial problems and improvement needs through a survey and conduct investigation of staffs. It is to propose the primary data for the architectural planning of the future ward with the comprehensive nursing service. Methods: Targeting the comprehensive nursing ward, changes of the physical environment and spatial problems are analyzed through a field survey, behavior investigation, present-condition investigation, and floor plan analysis. Results: The workforce is increased by approximately twice the amount of the nursing staffs in the comprehensive nursing ward, compared to the pre-general ward. When utilizing the general ward, various spatial problems arise due to the restrictions of the facility condition. Because Sub N.S is an important facility as a part of the nursing work function in the ward of the comprehensive nursing service, the opinions of staffs must be considered when selecting a location and composing a space. Implications: It can be used as a primary data for the comprehensive nursing ward when architectural planning of a new hospital.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.380-383
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• 2004

Heavy metal release from wastewater is a serious environmental problem, and therefore, various wastewater treatment techniques have been developed. Among the techniques, sorption technique is most attractive. Considerable researches have been recently focused on finding out inexpensive sorbents, especially from various natural materials. In order to evaluate the applicability of the scoria taken from the Jeju Island, Korea to remove heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) from aqueous solutions, equilibrium sorption experiments were conducted in this study. In equilibrium tests, powdered activated carbon (PAC), one of the most commonly used sorbents, was also tested to compare the effectiveness of the Jeju scoria with that of PAC. The Jeju scoria had larger adsorption capacity and affinity for metal ions (Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II)) than PAC. The sorption parameters of the two sorbents were evaluated by using both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the sorption data were better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. In addition, the sorption behavior of metal ions (Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II)) onto the scoria displayed a typical characteristic of the cation sorption. The removal of metal ions decreased at a lower pH condition due to competition with hydrogen ions for the sorption sites of Jeju scoria, while the removal increased at a high pH condition due to hydroxide precipitation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Electrokinetic technology was applied to remediate Cu, Pb and As-contaminated paddy soil. Removal of metal is highly dependent on the processing fluid during electrokinetic treatment. Tap water, NaOH, $HNO_3$, $Na_2EDTA$, and citric acid were evaluated as the processing fluids to enhance metal removal. Cu and Pb were transported toward cathode, however, it did not removed from soil section, while 56.6% of As was removed at a acidic condition. The strong acidic condition with nitric acid as a processing fluid enhanced the desoprtion of As from soil surface. However, longer operation time is needed to get the higher removal of Cu and Pb, and the acidification of soil after electrokinetic treatment should be solved.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

Effects of drying condition (IR radiation) on the optical properties and the printability of coated paper were elucidated at various latex sizes and low and high coating color concentrations. It was found that the smaller latex provided better rheology and higher dry and wet pick strength than the larger one. The high solids coating resulted in higher paper gloss and smaller roughness than the low solids coating, even though the clay addition was reduced by 20 parts in the high solids coating. Increasing IR radiation prohibited binder migration into the base paper. Thus it improved binder distribution and decreased pores in the coated layer, resulting in the increased dry and wet pick strength and the improved printing gloss. On the other hand, the color trapping and ink set-off was impaired with increasing IR radiation. Print mottle index passed through a maximum with increasing IR radiation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.711-714
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• 2002

At the lift-off condition, the combustion and Jet noise of launch vehicle produces a severe acoustic environment and the acoustic loads may be damaging to paylaod and equipments. Prediction of the acoustic environment is thus needed to support the load-resistive design and test-qualification of components. Currently, such a high frequency problem is usually dealt with by using the SEA technique, for which the assumptions should match reasonably well with the vibro-acoustic condition of system. The subsystems of SEA model was composed of 16 flat plates, 8 L-shaped beams, and 2 acoustic cavities. The frequency range was 400 Hz - 4 kHz considering the modal parameter. The experiment was performed in a high intensity acoustic chamber, in which the diffuse acoustic field was assured. By comparing the SEA analysis and the experiments, the error less than 5 dB was observed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 1999

Rice production in Korea has markedly increased during the last two decades due to newly developed high yielding varieties and improved production technology. This experiment was conducted to determine the potential of tropical japonica germplasm in enhancing the yield of temperate japonica. The yield performance of two tropical japonicas (IR 65597-29-3-2 and IR66154-52-1-2) and one temperate japonica (Dongjinbyeo) was compared at different plant densities and nitrogen levels under Korean environmental conditions. Although tropical japonicas showed low tillering habit and large panicles, they had similar leaf area index and dry weight at heading stage to Dongjinbyeo of the high tillering type indicating that there was not much difference between tropical and temperate japonica in terms of biomass production. The highest milled rice yield of 6.15 t/ha was obtained from Dongjinbyeo at a high nitrogen level with less planting density (220 kg N/ha and 30 $\times$ 15 cm). However, those of the two tropical japonicas were 5.36 t/ha at the condition of 165 kg N/ha and 30 x 10 cm planting density and 5.06 t/ha at the condition of 165kgN/ha and 15 x 15 cm planting density, respectively. Ripened grain of tropical japonicas ranged from 65 to 87%, while that Dongjinbyeo ranged from 82 to 97% under Korean conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2010

In order to incorporate correctly the large or local scale circulation in an atmospheric model, a nudging term is introduced into the equation of motion. The MM5 model was used to assess the meteorological values differences in each case, during ozone episode days in Gwangyang bay. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of horizontal and vertical flow fields according to the surface and vertical observation data assimilation by upper wind conditions. Therefore, we carried out several numerical experiments with various parameterization methods for nudging coefficient considering the upper wind conditions (synoptic or asynoptic condition). Nudging considering the synoptic and asynoptic nudging coefficient does have a clear advantage over dynamic initialization, therefore appropriate limitation of these nudging coefficient values on its upper wind conditions is necessary before making an assessment. Obviously, under the weak synoptic wind, there was apparent advantage associated with nudging coefficient by the regional difference. The accuracy for the prediction of the meteorological values has been improved by applying the appropriate PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) limitation of circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2008

On-site measurement of ship wave has been carried out in the vicinity of Mokpo inner harbour. The wave data were collected and logged 5Hz by the ultrasonic instrument for 12hour on May 17, 2006. The number of data was 216,000 and the maximum wave height was 81.41cm in normal weather condition. It was found that the wave conditions in this water area are predominantly affected by the ship-generated waved under normal condition. By comparing with the wind-generated waves in the open region which were irregular but with dominant directional characteristics, the existing harbor wave field was much more complex.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.222-233
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• 1997

Riparian zone occupies not more than 5% of the total watershed area and can be considered in between the terrestrial and aquatic ecology as that does not fall under both of them. Unlike to common terrestrial plant that can e seen on other land, the riparian vegetation that exist in riparian zone can be classified into various groups because of their peculiar living form. The recognition of importance of terrestrial environment has considered the importance of natural river due to which even today, the movement throughout the world to retrograde the river development is taking place customarily. In this research, noticing the actual condition of the river management reality, the original capacity of river landscaping of Han river has been quantified grasping the actual condition of riparian vegetation from distribution area surveying and analysis. The objective of the research is to find out the river retrogression and maintenance methods based on the ecological environmental quality around the river by maintaining the river plants having high natural capacity and river planning method based on the harmony between conservation of river environment and use of riparian zone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2004

Since 1990s in Korea, elementary school classrooms have been designed toward open education system in pursuit of variety of educational purpose. Also, the architectural designs of schools have been acomplished for individual school not based on the standard design code. The present paper aims to investigate the acoustic environment of existing classrooms and to compare the sound insulation capacity between the ordinary classrooms and the newly built classrooms for open education. The current acoustical situation of elementary classrooms was analyzed using field measurements and questionnaire survey. In order to this, Three elementary schools were selected which were built in 1978, 1996 and 2000 respectively. Room acoustical parameters including Reverberation time(RT), Definition(D50), Speech Intelligibility(RASTI), Transmission loss(TL) and STC were measured in a classroom in each elementary school classroom. Each measurement was undertaken with the windows and doors being open or closed. As the result, it was found that the transmission loss between rooms in open classrooms is, $5{\sim}6dB$ in average, inferior than the ordinary classrooms. The RASTI of 0.70 was measured in newly built classrooms which is better than old classrooms(0.70) and open classrooms(0.73). This was shown as same in the speech definition measurements. This results from the condition of sealing and airtightness of classrooms and floor materials. The results denote that open classrooms have poor acoustic condition in sound insulation and speech intelligibility.