• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2007

Reproductive biology (sexual maturity and reproductive cycle) of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus were examined by histological methods. From March 2004 to February 2005, 144 females and males were sampled. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female and male were peaked in May and February, respectively. Monthly changes of hepatosomotic index (HSI) showed a negative correlationwith those of the GSI. Changes of condition factor (CF) in female were correlated with gonad maturation, while that of male were no difference all the year round. Based on monthly GSI and gonadal development the reproductive cycle of starry flounder could be divided into four stages: growing stage (September to November), maturation stage (September to February), ripe and spent stage (March to May), and recovery and resting stage (June to August). Biological minimum size of female was 1,074 g. The relationship between fecundity (F) and body weight (BW) of the fish was expressed as $F\;=\;455.86BW^{1.2006}$.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify a relationship between the time taken and the characteristics of touch key for touch-screen-based in-vehicle information system (IVIS) and to suggest a new Fitts' law formula that is added a driving speed parameter. Many studies already have shown that Fitts' law is well fitted in various devices for primary tasks, but there is no study of Fitts' law for secondary task in dual-task situation. Fitts' law may not be applied to the secondary task as it is, because the secondary task performance can be affected by the amount of attention for the primary task. To verify this, we carried out an experiment that showed whether pointing task to touch-screen-based IVIS during driving is affected by driving speeds or not. In the experiment, 30 people were volunteered for participants and the participants carried out driving task and pointing task on the screen of IVIS simultaneously. We measured the time to point a touch key on IVIS for every condition (3 driving speeds${\times}5$ touch key sizes${\times}7$ distances between steering wheel and touch key). As a result, there was an effect of driving speed on the pointing time. As we extended the index of difficulty of the conventional Fitts' law formula by incorporating driving speed, we established an extended Fitts' law formula for pointing on IVIS, which showed better accordance with dual task situation. This study can be evidence that secondary task performance is affected by degree of concentration on primary task, and the extended Fitts' law formula can be useful to design interfaces of IVIS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2005

Reliability of electric power supply by power system becomes major issue as the electric power industry is recently being regulated. Also a change of environmental condition related to power supply reliability should be considered in the view of power supplier since the competition between energy-industries is strengthen. In other words, because customers may choose other energy source instead of electric power due to an expensive energy charge, enhancing recklessly the reliability of power supply might not be an essential strategy. So to effectively cope with this problem, it is necessary to perceive the reaction of customers against power supply reliability and interruption cost. This paper evaluates the annual interruption costs of customers by regional groups in Korea using a macro approach to cope with these internal and external environment. That is, the each ratio of customer's interruption costs to price of electric power charge is evaluated for public, service, agricultural, fishery, mining, manufactural, and residential consumption by every cities and provinces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.109-126
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• 2006

As the national interest in sports has been increased over time, sports facilities and sports complex are considered more than just physical environments for training athletes or watching games. Sports facilities now become symbolic spatial devices to represent the national and cultural pride of any countries. The existing national training camp located in Taenung, Seoul is gotting outdated and degraded. The polluted air in the city risks athletes' health condition. The government planned to construct the second training camp at Jincheon, Chungbuk at the area of $2,171,910m^2$. The Korea Sports Council called for proposals to envision the future training camp, and they held a design competition from August to November, 2005. The first phase was to present the masterplan for the entire site including training buildings, outdoor training facilities, dormitories, a visitor center, a research center, education and administration buildings. Considering the size of the site, the planning process required a strong relationship between landscape and architecture. This study tries to provide general explanations on the winning proposal focused on the landscape-related issues. It also attempts to have reference points for contemporary planning and design issues to situate the project in the stream of continuing design effort to avoid the dichotomy between nature and culture. The landscape proposal for the new national taming camp suggests four main strategies; 1) The camp has two intersecting and interweaving parks which represent the natural and urban order. 2) The entire site is organized and networked by the flow of landscape called landscape ribbon in terms of topography, vegetation, and water flow. 3) The landscape is choreographed through the time and process. 4) The ecological process and the digital contents are juxtaposed in the landscape. This winning proposal is the first step to portray the national vision for the sustainable environment coexisting with sports industry. Landscape in this proposal is an active agent to network various parts of the site which enables landscape to be infrastructure. Landscape design in this proposal should be considered open-ended strategies rather than determined concrete forms and its engaging further development will be tested in following Design-Build phase.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2020

This study aims to simulate the stabilization process of fibrous peat samples using end-bearing Cement Deep Mixing (CDM) columns by three area improvement ratios of 13.1% (TS-2), 19.6% (TS-3) and 26.2% (TS-3). It also focuses on the determination of approximate stress distribution between CDM columns and untreated fibrous peat soil. First, fibrous peat samples were mechanically stabilized using CDM columns of different area improvement ratio. Further, the ultimate bearing capacity of a rectangular foundation rested on the stabilized peat was calculated in stress-controlled condition. Then, this process was simulated via a FEM-based model using Plaxis 3-D foundation and the numerical modelling results were compared with experimental findings. In the numerical modelling stage, the behaviour of fibrous peat was simulated based on hardening soil (HS) model and Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model, while embedded pile element was utilized for CDM columns. The results indicated that in case of untreated peat HS model could predict the behaviour of fibrous peat better than MC model. The comparison between experimental and numerical investigations showed that the stress distribution between soil (S) and CDM columns (C) were 81%C-19%S (TS-2), 83%C-17%S (TS-3) and 89%C-11%S (TS-4), respectively. This implies that when the area improvement ratio is increased, the share of the CDM columns from final load was increased. Finally, the calculated bearing capacity factors were compared with results on the account of empirical design methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2001

Farmers in the centre of Vietnam have a tradition of dosing young cattle with groundnut oil before fattening them on a diet of rice straw and road-side grass. These farmers claim the cattle grow faster. It was hypothesized that the effect of the oil could be to eliminate the protozoa from the rumen. This is known to increase the net microbial growth efficiency in the rumen and increase the protein supply to the animal. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were undertaken; one on-station with four cattle fitted with rumen cannulae and the second a growth trial with 25 young cattle in smallholder farms. When the cannulated animals were drenched with groundnut oil, the protozoa were eliminated from the rumen and animals could be kept free of protozoa by isolation. The ammonia concentration in the rumen fluid was decreased when the protozoa were eliminated and there was an indication of improved rumen dry matter degradability of the forage components of the diet. In the practical condition on the smallholder farms, the growth rates of cattle drenched with groundnut oil were increased considerably (65%) compared with untreated control animals. The laboratory results when taken together with the on-farm results indicate that these resource-poor farmers had been able to defaunate their cattle and to maintain the fauna-free state by isolation of their animals from extraneous stock. This traditional practice in Central Vietnam, whereby one family keeps only one or two animals that are hand fed and tethered, has quite a large potential for all of those countries where animals are fed agro-industrial by-products, as it is highly economic. The use of 1 litre of oil compared with 1 kg of rice polishing per day (300 kg over 300 days), would be highly profitable in all countries of South-East Asia.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.713-720
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• 2006

Heat conductivity, height, size, elasticity of pillow, stability of shape, hygroscopicity, ventilation, temperature and easy movability, and so on, are considered to be some of major conditions that affect the comfortable sleep. Considering those factors together, the thermal properties, height, shape and feeling of touch, etc, of pillow must be taken into account. Though studies have been conducted to figure out the physical properties of mattress or pillows from the perspective of factors related to the environment of sleep, they are not enough to be used as an index to evaluate the qualitative aspect of sleep. This study tries to consider the effect of pillow filling materials on the comfortable sleep, for which EEG, ECG, EOG, EMG, RT, etc, are to be measured in an attempt to provide the basic data required in proposing the condition that may lead to a sound and comfortable sleep. Three types of pillows that are sold in the market were used for this research in order to evaluate the quality of sleep depending on the filling materials of pillow. All data were statistically processed and the following conclusions were drawn. It was found that the pillow with feathers provided the best comfort as the pillow A turned out to have the shortest sleeping latency(SL) from the perspective of comfort. The pillow B which used the polyethylene is deemed to be suitable for fatigue relieving purpose as it turned out to have the highest slow wave sleep(SWS), but no statistically significant difference was validated. Moreover, the pillow C which used the natural wool was found to have the narrowest contacting area of the pillow and head and provide a great warm heat comfort that may led to a sound sleep because the temperature below the pillow took the longest time to rise.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.725-729
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• 2014

Background: Having been known as a virulent disease in 1970s, cancer is now onsidered a chronic disease and 64% of cancer patients live for five years after diagnosis. Home care has gradually gained more importance and it is a great burden on the shoulders of caregivers. Caregivers have to undertake the responsibility of the cancer patient's home management, and organize care and arrange health care services according to the ever-changing condition of patients. Caregivers should be prepared for home care so they can provide accurate and complete care to patients. This descriptive study aims to investigate challenges that caregivers encounter in the home care of patients and the reasons for these challenges. Materials and Methods: The research group consisted of caregivers of outpatients in a daily treatment center in a university hospital. The research sampling consisted of 137 voluntary caregivers of patients who attended the Daily Treatment Center for control, chemotherapy or other supportive cares services between January-June, 2011. Data were collected with face-to-face interviews in the Daily Treatment Center. Ethics Committee approval was taken university hospital; caregivers and their patients were informed about the research and their approval was taken as well. Results: It was found that 54.01% of caregivers help patient's nutrition, 50.36% help medicine use, 26.28% help oral hygiene, 26.28% help to meet urinary needs and 51.82% help to change clothes, 69.34% of caregivers help to change bed sheets, 38.69% help the patient to communicate with their environment and 71.53% help to bring the patient to hospital or outside. Conclusions: This study, it was found that caregivers experience challenges due to following factors: patient nutrition, medicine use, oral and body hygiene, colostomy maintenance and stomach tube feeding, concern of dropping the patient, feeling incompetency in body temperature and fever control, fatigue, and lack of personal time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 2004

Spawning induction, egg development and larval growth of ark shell (Tegillarca granosa) (L.) were investigated. The most effective method of spawning induction was steady temperature increasing from$4^{\circ}C\;to\;28^{\circ}C$ with irradiation of sea water by UV after T. granosa was exposed to air at $4^{\circ}C$ Optimum condition for larval roaring was under the 32.4 psu and two temperature $regimes:\;28{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;and \;25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Fertilized eggs was demersal isolated eggs, and egg diameter was $60{\mu}$. D-shaped larvae appear about 20 hr after hatching with $94.1{\mu}$ in shell length and $86.7{\mu}$ in shell height. Ten days were required from hatching to umbo larva stage, of a mean shell length $125.2{\mu}$. On 25th day, the larva grew to $450{\mu}$ in shell length and began to settle on the bottom. Effect of temperature between $25^{\circ}C$ (control group) and $28^{\circ}C$ on larval growth was not different. Survival rate of larvae settled on the bottom was about $19{\%}$ in both temperatures conditions $(25^{\circ}C\;and\;28^{\circ}C)$.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2012

With the development of MEMS, small and low-priced sensors integrating IMU and GPS have produced and exploited for diverse field. In this research, we have judged that MEMS-based IMU/GPS sensor is suitable for light-weighted mobile mapping system and carried out experiments to analyze the characteristics of MTi-G, which was developed from XSens company. From a sensor which fixed to dashboard, coordinates results with no post-processing were achieved for test area. On the whole, the results show satisfactory performances but some errors also were discovered from parts of the road due to sensor properties, XKF characteristics and GPS reception environment. We could confirm the potential of light-weighted mobile mapping system. Experiments considering various GPS reception environments and road condition and more detailed level of accuracy analysis will be performed for further research.