• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.101-112
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to explain the effect distribution strategy and competitiveness of entrepreneurial personality on marketing capabilities and performance, the effect of marketing capabilities on marketing performance, the role of marketing capabilities as a mediating variable on the effect of entrepreneurial personality on marketing performance, and the role of credit access moderating effect of entrepreneurial personality on marketing capabilities and performance. Research design, data, and methodology: This research was conducted in Bali, on a small clothing industry. The sample size was set at 150 respondents, using a cluster random sampling approach. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques and partial least square. Result: The findings show that; entrepreneurial personality and marketing capabilities have a significant effect on marketing performance, entrepreneurial personality has a significant effect on marketing capabilities. Another result shows that marketing capability mediates the effect of entrepreneurial personality on marketing performance, access to credit acts as a moderating predictor, and as quasi moderating the effect of entrepreneurial personality on marketing performance. Conclusions: Entrepreneurs should try to increase their knowledge and skills in marketing formally or informally. Competence in terms of individual knowledge and skills can indicate social capital investment, which indirectly contributes to one's mindset and insight.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-89
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• 2023

Purpose: At the end of the pandemic, many digital startups had negative performances. For that, this study aims to analyze the mediating role of entrepreneurial competence and digital entrepreneur career maturity. Seven hypotheses were proposed, namely the effect of entrepreneurship orientation, digital entrepreneurship experience, and digital entrepreneur career maturity on digital entrepreneurial competence, the effect of digital entrepreneurial experience on digital entrepreneurial career maturity, the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competence, and digital entrepreneur career maturity on business performance. Research design, data and methodology: The population is digital entrepreneurs in Central Java, Indonesia with a business duration of more than 4 years. The number of samples as many as 184 people were carried out by questionnaire distribution through face-to-face, email, and Google forms. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the path coefficient statistics. Results: The results showed that all the hypotheses proposed were accepted. Digital entrepreneurial competencies and digital entrepreneurial career maturity are also proven to have a mediating role. Conclusions: The findings of this study can contribute to the development of digital entrepreneurship research. Practically, the government's role is needed to facilitate the three main elements of digital business: e-commerce, payment methods, and distribution channels.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2020

Due to their participation in commercial activities between countries, many small and medium-sized trading companies are more of a born-global venture. The entrepreneurial intention is one of the key drivers impacting the formation of this born-global venture. In recent the importance of venture founding has been emphasized on a global scale. How to revitalize venture founding is becoming a nation-wide challenge in emerging economies as well as advanced countries. In particular, under the banner of 'Many people founding venture, Many people creating innovation', a new-coined word 'Choangker', an innovative founder of a venture, appeared in China. Existing studies have focused on entrepreneurial intention as a key driver that could affect whether a latent entrepreneur would actually found a venture or not. In this paper, we wanted to investigate what factors influence the entrepreneurial intention of the Chinese university students. Results of statistical analysis show that self-efficacy, personal experiences, supporting activities for venture founding, and social networks have positive effects on entrepreneurial intention of the Chinese university students. These results are similar to the claims of previous studies on the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intention of university students. In the future, researches on the entrepreneurial intention of the Chinese university students should be carried out to reflect the institutional characteristics at the national level.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of entrepreneurs' social network on entrepreneurial performance and the moderate effect of entrepreneurial experience on the relationship between social network and entrepreneurial performance. Empirical study was conducted using survey questionnaires for entrepreneurs and path analysis was conducted using PLS method. The result of this study showed that tie strength of entrepreneurs' social network was related to productivity but creativity while network diversity was positively related to creativity but productivity. The moderate effect of entrepreneurial experience was significant on the relationship between tie strength of social network and entrepreneurial performance. This study implies the importance of entrepreneurs' social network and experience and suggests an effective social network structure for entrepreneurial success.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.193-210
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of entrepreneurial motivation upon entrepreneurial intentions of college students majoring in foodservice through the pull and push factors of the motivation theory, analyzing the moderating effects by gender. Based on total 317 college students, this study was conducted with exploring factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and hierarchical moderated regression. The results showed that, among the pull factors, need for achievement (p<0.001) and self-actualization (p<0.01) had a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions. It appears that entrepreneurial intentions of college students majoring in foodservice were developed by positive entrepreneurial motivation. The moderating effects by gender were not significant. Through the study results with theoretical suggestions, this study proposed a policy to encourage entrepreneurial activation and desires in college students. Limitations and further research directions are also discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Government's entrepreneurial support policy(educational support, financial support and marketing support) on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. This study examined educational support, fund support and marketing support as the The Government's entrepreneurial support polity variables and innovativeness, progressiveness and risk-taking as entrepreneurship variables. The sample of this study was composed of 331 existing and potential entrepreneurs selected from the national panel of a online web survey research firm. Data were collected using self-administerd structured questionnaires and analyzed employing structural equation modelling techniques. This study found that three entrepreneurship variables(innovativeness, progressiveness and risk-taking) had positive direct effects on entrepreneurial intention and that three Government's entrepreneurial support policy variables (educational support, financial support and marketing support) had positive direct effects on entrepreneurship, whereas these three variables had positive indirect effects on entrepreneurial intention. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed and the directions for future research were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.493-507
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to re-verify the importance of opportunity recognition as a mediating factor and add the entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which is recognized as another key factor that triggers start-up activities with the entrepreneurial intention, as a dependent variable. For this reason, in this study, 373 university students in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do Province, Inchon, were surveyed and analyzed empirically. The results of the study was as follows. First, the entrepreneurship partially affects the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Second, the mediating effect of opportunity recognition between the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention was verified.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2019

This study empirically confirmed whether individual characteristics and social capital have distinctive influence on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship, and whether entrepreneurship consulting has a moderating effect in the context of high interest in entrepreneurship with 223 data. All of the personal characteristics, network, trust, and consulting experience had a significant influence on the entrepreneurial intention, while the external control and reciprocity norms had a significant influence on the entrepreneurial anxiety. The experience of consulting revealed that it has a moderating effect of weakening influence of risk-taking tendency and network on the entrepreneurial will and strengthening the influence of external control on the entrepreneurial anxiety. This research has significance in terms of distinguishing effects of entrepreneurial intention and anxiety and the moderating effect of consulting. In future research, it is expected that verification of entrepreneurial anxiety should be done.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.41-59
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• 2016

Given the increasing importance of entrepreneurship in a nation's economic growth, this study empirically examined the effect of entrepreneurial behavior and environment on economic growth based on country level data. While previous studies have centered on entrepreneurship as a dominant variable that impacts economic growth, this study has extends the discussion by empirically testing the effects of two entrepreneurial variables, which are entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial environment, on economic growth. Furthermore, the study attempted to examine the moderating effects of trade and innovation on the relation between the independent variables and economic growth. According to the panel analysis using data from GEM and World Bank, both entrepreneurial behavior and environment affected national economic growth, completely or partly. Results showed that opportunity-driven entrepreneurial behavior has a significant effect on economic growth, suggesting that qualitative aspect of entrepreneurial activities are critical to economic growth. The results also indicated that both trade and innovation have significant moderating effects on the relationship between governmental support program and economic growth.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2022

This study aimed to find the mediating impact of entrepreneurial education during COVID-19 on entrepreneurial intention among university students from major cities of Pakistan. Majority of businesses shifted to online from offline mode as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. This created a great opportunity for university students to become entrepreneurs without much investment during COVID-19. Primary data for this study was collected with the help of an adopted questionnaire from previous studies. An online survey was considered appropriate due to the COVID-19 situation in the country. The number of data samples collected from the major cities of Pakistan was 460. The research hypothesis was tested with the help of SmartPLS by using least square structural equation modeling. Findings revealed there is full mediation of entrepreneurial education during COVID-19 between the self-efficacy, subjective norms, and attitude towards entrepreneurship for entrepreneurial intention during COVID-19 among university students. Therefore, the research confirmed the application of the theory of planned behavior among university students in Pakistan with regards to factors such as self-efficacy, subjective norms, attitude towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. The present study also concludes that all students regardless of their area of study such as Business and Engineering look forward to become entrepreneurs during COVID-19. The students opting for entrepreneurship had either formal or informal entrepreneurial education during COVID-19.