• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1008-1013
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation on the performance of 80 growing-finishing pigs (26.2 kg) fed diets containing either soybean or canola meal. Barley-based diets formulated using either soybean meal or canola meal were fed with or without enzyme (Allzyme Vegpro, Alltech Biotechnology Centre). Eight castrates and twelve gilts were fed each diet. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy was 8.0 (p=0.0001), 7.9 (p=0.0005) and 7.9 (p=0.0003) percent lower for pigs fed diets containing canola meal compared with soybean meal. Enzyme supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility (p>0.05). There was a significant interaction between protein source and enzyme for all three nutrients. Over the entire experimental period (26.2 to 77.9 kg), pigs fed canola meal consumed 9.4% less feed (p=0.001), gained weight 20.4% slower (p=0.001) and had a 12.9% poorer feed conversion (p=0.001) than pigs fed soybean meal. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were unaffected by enzyme addition (p>0.05). Castrates gained weight 11.4% faster (p=0.001), consumed 9.3% more feed (p=0.001) and had a 2.6% better feed conversion (p=0.026) than gilts. There was a significant interaction between protein source and sex of pig for feed conversion. Pigs fed diets based on canola meal had a significantly lower carcass value index (p=0.01), lower lean yield (p=0.007) and lower lean depth over the loin (p=0.001) than pigs fed diets based on soybean meal. Enzyme addition significantly increased lean depth over the loin (p=0.01). There was a significant interaction between protein source and enzyme for carcass value index (p=0.04), estimated lean yield (p=0.05) and fat depth over the loin (p=0.05). These results confirm previous studies which have demonstrated poorer pig performance when canola meal completely replaces soybean meal in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. In addition, the results provide little justification for the inclusion of the Vegpro enzyme in diets fed to pigs of this weight range.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2017

Where there are all the flowers, the songs of all kinds of insects and birds are put in, the sunshine and shadows flicker The forest through which the water sound flows is an optimum resting space. All living creatures in these spaces will awaken the five senses of humans and perhaps turn the sensibility index (EQ). The forest meditation in the forest, which can be an optimal shelter for the people who need it, needs to feel the reverence of nature, to refine emotions, to be a self-reflection, to have a mind to respect, Have an important meaning. In this paper, we tried to consider the cause of the influence of forest sounds on human hearing from the acoustical aspect. The type of sound source of forest was divided into four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, winter. And the change in the duration of the sound during the four seasons, so that the general characteristics of the sounds of the four seasons are as follows: It can be seen that the change in the ratio of sub-band energy is almost equal to the change in dB in frequency of the equal-light curve. To compare this phenomenon, the criterion for changing the sound duration of each forest is natural The main forms of the luminance curve, such as the change in the duration of the white signal in the sound, are determined by the minimum, maximum audible frequency and the most sensitive frequency band, and the auditory characteristics of the other three inflection points Determines the overall shape of the equal-light curve.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common causes of death in elderly Koreans, and HDL-cholesterol is known to have a pivotal role in protecting against CVD. This study was undertaken to study the relationships between plasma HDL-cholesterol levels and dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical factors in elderly Koreans. The 102 subjects, who were over 60 years old, were classified into two groups based on their plasma HDL-cholesterol levels: a risk group with plasma HDL-cholesterol < 40mg/dl in men or HDL-cholesterol < 50mg/d1 in women, and a control group with higher HDL-cholesterol levels. The subjects' mean intakes of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E, and folate did not meet the Korean RDA for elderly people. Vitamin $B_2$ and folate intakes were significantly lower (p<0.l) in the risk group compared to the control group. The consumption of seaweed was significantly lower (p<0.05), and fish intake was 33% lower, in the risk group compared to the control group. Subjects in the risk group showed a higher BMI, waist/hip ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, and % body fat, compared to control subjects. Plasma triglyceride levels and values of the atherogenic index were significantly higher (p<0.00l) in risk group subjects. Significant negative correlations between HDL-cholesterol level and plasma triglyceride level (r= 0.37), and values of the atherogenic index (r=-0.74), were found. In summary, subjects with low levels of HDL-cholesterol were found to have relatively low intakes of vitamin B$_2$, folate, and seaweed, and higher levels of the CVD risk factors: body fat, plasma TG, and AI. These results suggest that plasma HDL-cholesterol levels can be modified by dietary, anthropometric, and hematological means.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 1999

This paper is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of flexural toughness of slab panel structures($60{\times}60{\times}10$) reinforced by steel fiber instead of wire mesh. Steel fiber used in this study is double hooked Dramix type fiber. And the fiber length is 60mm, diameter is 0.8mm, Various assessment methods of toughness index are used to estimate the proper effectiveness. In this experimental study, we find that Johnston, JCI-SF4 and EFNARC method are more effective to assess the flexural toughness of slab panels than the others. And the steel fiber is very effective alternative material to reinforce slab panel structures instead of wire mesh. Fiber volume fraction of 0.5~0.75% is more useful than the others in enhancing the post-peak energy absorption and toughness index by Johnston's $I_{5.5}$ assessment method. And the slab panels reinforcing with steel fiber are more resistant to crack propagation than wire mesh reinforcing slabs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1980

Rheological behaviors of red pepper paste acre investigated with rotational viscometer at $25{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ and the following results were obtained. 1. At shear rate of $0.323{\sim}1.653\;sec^{-1}$, red pepper paste was found to be a thixotropic food product which showed pseudoplastic proper ties and also exhibited a yield stress and time dependent characteristics. 2. At a shear rate of 0.978 $sec^{-1}$, flow behavior index, consistency index and yield stress were 0.597, 192.3 dyne $sec^s/cm^{2}$, and 91 dyne/$cm^{2}$ respectively. 3. Variation of consistency of red pepper paste with time was found to be decayed by a second order kinetic equation and thereafter nearly time independent. 4. Variation of consistency of red pepper paste with temperature was found to follow Andrade's equation and the activation energy as calculated on the basis of this equation was $1.03\;kcal/g{\cdot}mole$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.427-433
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• 2013

This study was designed to examine changes in the physicochemical properties of extruded corn fibers with different amounts of feed moisture (30, 40, and 50%). The screw speed and die temperature were fixed to 200 rpm and $140^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crude ash, fat, and protein in corn fiber decreased from the extrusion process. The insoluble dietary fiber in corn fibers decreased, while soluble dietary fiber increased at a feed moisture of 30%. The specific length of the extruded corn fiber increased while the specific mechanical energy input, density, breaking strength, and elastic modulus decreased. The water absorption index (WAI) and reducing sugar content of the corn fibers did not significantly change, but the water soluble index (WSI) decreased as the feed moisture content of the corn fiber increased. On the other hand, the WAI of de-starched corn fiber decreased while WSI and reducing sugars increased as the feed moisture content of the corn fiber increased.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

Combustion characteristics of outdoor advertisement materials were evaluated for fire risk assessment about fire expanding. At this study, the flame retardancy and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured by UL 94 and ASTM D 2863 respectively. At the result of flame retardancy, foamex was V-0 grade and those of others were out of grade. LOI measurement showed that the LOI of foamex was highest in the samples. The cone calorimeter test was done by ISO 5660-1 to find the combustion characteristics. The cone calorimeter test showed that the outdoor advertisement materials were not good to prevent of fire expanding. The time to ignition (TTI) of flex was the fastest and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) as well as the total heat release (THR) of acrylic panel was higher than those of others.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2018

The incidence of cardiovascular disease increases rapidly after 40's. The thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue was measured to analyze the risk factors affecting the thickness change. We present the cut off value for the epicardial adipose tissue thickness for high impacted variables. For the study, 547 patients underwent echocardiography, epicardial adipose tissue thickness, body mass index, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and diabetes mellitus were used as analytical variables. As a result, multiple regression analysis of age group showed that diabetes mellitus was highly influential in all age group, so we could predict the cut off value for the epicardial adipose tissue thickness for diabetes mellitus. As a result of ROC curve analysis, cut off value of 7.44 mm was obtained with sensitivity of 79.6% and specificity of 60.6% for diab etes variab le. Logistic regression analysis b ased on this value showed that the risk for diab etes increased 6 times with each increase in the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue. Among the various obesity indexes, epicardial adipose tissue is used as an important index especially to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we suggest that the use of echocardiography as a routine screening method for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, which is rapidly increasing in patients over 40's age, will enable more effective monitoring. Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

Obesity was characterized in Korean elementary students using different obesity assessment tests on 103 overweight elementary students from three schools of Jeonbuk Province. The body mass index (BMI) and obesity index (OI) were compared, and the data using DEXA and CT were compared with the data using BIA and a tape measure. The results of this study are as follows: first, 27 students who were classified as obese by OI were classified as overweight by BMI, and 3 students who were classified as standard weight by BMI were classified as overweight by OI. Secondly, by DEXA and BIA measurements, there was 1.51% difference in body fat percentage (boys 1.66%, girls 1.17%) and the difference in body fat mass between boys and girls was 0.77 kg (boys 0.85 kg, girls 0.59 kg), but those differences in body fat percentage and mass were not statistically significant. Thirdly, the average total abdominal fat (TAF) measured by CT scans of obese children was more significantly related with subcutaneous fat (r = 0.983, P < 0.01) than visceral fat (r = 0.640, P < 0.01). Also, TAF were highest significant with waist circumference by a tape measure (r = 0.744, P < 0.01). In summary, as there are some differences of assessment results between two obesity test methods (BMI, OI), we need more definite standards to determine the degree of obesity. The BIA seems to be the most simple and effective way to measure body fat mass, whereas waist/hip ratio (WHR) using a tape measurer is considered to be the most effective method for assessing abdominal fat in elementary students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to confirm that regular physical exercise habit and calcium intake play a role reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseae, particularly to confrim that regular exercise is important in reducing serum lipid levels. Subjects were classified into regular exercise group(more than 3 times/wk, more than 30 min per exercise) and non-regular exercise group. A convenient frequency method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as bodyweight and hight, and blood pressure were measured. There was no significant difference between nonexercisers and exerciser in energy intake, calcium intake and blood lipid levels. The strength of frequency of exercise may not by adequate to modify lipid profiles in premenopausal woman with normal lipid level, Although we found no significant difference in blood lipid levels, this result does not imply there are no benefits of exercise subjects. There were no signigicant correlations between age or weight with blood lipids in regular exercise group, while there were significant positive correlations between age of weight with blood lipids in non-regular exercise group. The levels of serum cholesterol, and triglyceride, blood pressure and atherogenic index increased with age in nonexercise women, Especially, atherogenic index was lower in regular exercise group. The blood pressure in nonexercise group was significantly higher than that in regular exercise group There was a highly significant negative correlation between calcium intake and blood pressure in nonexercise women, There was a highly significant negative correlation between calcium intake and blood pressure in nonexercise women. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake may have desirable effects on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in premenopausal women.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):62-68, 2001)