Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparisons of obesity assessments in over-weight elementary students using anthropometry, BIA, CT and DEXA

  • Yu, Ok-Kyeong (Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Rhee, Yang-Keun (Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Tae-Sun (Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Cha, Youn-Soo (Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2009.11.08
  • Accepted : 2010.04.19
  • Published : 2010.04.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Obesity was characterized in Korean elementary students using different obesity assessment tests on 103 overweight elementary students from three schools of Jeonbuk Province. The body mass index (BMI) and obesity index (OI) were compared, and the data using DEXA and CT were compared with the data using BIA and a tape measure. The results of this study are as follows: first, 27 students who were classified as obese by OI were classified as overweight by BMI, and 3 students who were classified as standard weight by BMI were classified as overweight by OI. Secondly, by DEXA and BIA measurements, there was 1.51% difference in body fat percentage (boys 1.66%, girls 1.17%) and the difference in body fat mass between boys and girls was 0.77 kg (boys 0.85 kg, girls 0.59 kg), but those differences in body fat percentage and mass were not statistically significant. Thirdly, the average total abdominal fat (TAF) measured by CT scans of obese children was more significantly related with subcutaneous fat (r = 0.983, P < 0.01) than visceral fat (r = 0.640, P < 0.01). Also, TAF were highest significant with waist circumference by a tape measure (r = 0.744, P < 0.01). In summary, as there are some differences of assessment results between two obesity test methods (BMI, OI), we need more definite standards to determine the degree of obesity. The BIA seems to be the most simple and effective way to measure body fat mass, whereas waist/hip ratio (WHR) using a tape measurer is considered to be the most effective method for assessing abdominal fat in elementary students.

Keywords

References

  1. Blackman MR. Principles of ambulatory medicine, 4th ed. Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore; 1994.
  2. Bae JM, Kim DS, Kim JY, Ahn YO. A distribution of waist-hip ratio associated with the blood pressure in middle-aged men. J Prev Med Public Health 1999;32:395-9.
  3. Kurpad SS, Tandon H, Srinivasan K. Waist circumference correlates better with body mass index than waist-to-hip ratio in Asian Indians. Natl Med J India 2003;16:189-92.
  4. Key A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Taylor HL. Indices of relative weight and obesity. J Chronic Dis 1993;25:329-43.
  5. Kim CG, Park SH, Kim KH, Kwon YW, Huh Y, Ma MR, Lee CH, Kim HH. Development of new regression equation for estimating body composition by underwater weight. Journal of Korea Sport Research 2004;17:329-40.
  6. Schon RE, Thaete FL, Sankey SS, Weissfeld J, Kuller LH. Sagittal diameter in comparison with single slice CT as a predictor total visceral adipose tissue volume. Int J Obes 1998; 22:338-42. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800591
  7. Pullcino E, Coward WA, Stubbs RJ, Elia M. Bedside and field methods for assess-ing body composition: comparison with the deuterium dilution technique. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:753-62.
  8. Mazess RB, Barden HS, Bidek JP, Hanson J. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and regional bone-mineral and soft-tissue composition. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:1106-12.
  9. Svendson OL, Haarbo J, Heitmann BL, Gotfredsen A, Chrstiansen C. Measurement of body fat in elderly subjects by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and anthropometry. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;53:1117-23.
  10. Hammond J, Rona RJ, Chinn S. Estimation in community surveys of total fat of children using bioelectrical impedance or skinfold thickness measurement. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994;48:164-72.
  11. Schaefer F, Georgi M, Zieger A, Scharer K. Usefulness of bioelectrical impedance and skinfold measurements in predicting fat-free mass derived from total potassium in children. Pediatr Res 1994;35:617-24. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199405000-00016
  12. Kim HS. Assessment of body composition among 5 to 14 year old children-anthropometry, BIA and DXA. The Korean Journal of Physical Education 2006;45:481-8.
  13. Kim IK, Kang JH, Song JH. Serum leptin levels and changes in body weight and obesity index in Gwacheon elementary school children. The Korean Journal of Nutrition 2007;40:736-44.
  14. Ko YH, Lee AR. Effects of aerobic exercise with nutrition education on body composition, physical fitness, and liver function of obese elementary school students. Journal of Korea Sport Research 2006;17:415-22.
  15. Oh SI, Jang JH, Hur S. Assessment of after-school obesity control program through on life habits and physical activity in obese elementary school children. The Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition 2008;12:1-6.
  16. Cho IS, Kim MW, Park IH, Ryu HS, Kang SY. Health promotion life profile of normal-weight and obese children in elementary schools. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing 2009;15:61-70. https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2009.15.1.61
  17. Jo MA, Lee KH, Her ES, Kim JA. A survey on dietary habits in Gyeongnam and the development of the nutrition education curriculum with teacher's guide for obese elementary school children. Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association 2009;15: 97-112.
  18. Nam JH. Effects of a weight control program on anthropometric measurements and serum lipid profiles of obese elementary students. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition 2007;20: 88-95.
  19. Leonard MB, Shults J, Wilson BA, Tershakovec AM, Zemel BS. Obesity during childhood and adolescence augments bone mass and bone dimension. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:514-23.
  20. Ellis KJ. Human body composition: in vivo methods. Physiol Rev 2000;80:649-80
  21. Tyrrell VJ, Richards G, Hofman P, Gillies GF, Robinson E, Cutfield WS. Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis: a valuable tool for the measurement of body composition in children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:273-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801531
  22. Poulit MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Termblay A. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric index of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:460-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(94)90676-9
  23. Armellini F, Zamboni M, Percechuzzu G, Greco A, Napoli N, Pandolfo I, Mondello G, Bosello O. Computed tomography visceral adipose tissue volume measurements of Italians: predictive equations. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:290-4.
  24. Ross R, Rissanen J, Hudson R. Sensitivity associated with the identification of visceral adipose tissue levels using waist circumference in men and women: effects of weight loss. Int J Obes 1996;20:533-8.
  25. Shin YH. A review of childhood obesity. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing 2005;11:240-5.
  26. Seidell JC, Oosterlee A, Thijssen MA, Burema J, Deurenberg P,Hautvast JC, Ruijs JH. Assessment of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat : relation between anthropometry and computed tomography. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:7-13.
  27. Wetis T, Beer EJ, Wedel M, Romeny BM. Computer tomography measurement of abdominal of fat deposition in relation to anthropometry. Int J Obes 1998;12:217-25.
  28. Kim HS. Abdominal obesity and health and exercise. Journal of Korean Society for Living Environment System 1999;6:1-10.
  29. Kooy K, Leenen R, Seidell JC, Deutenberg P, Droop A, Bakker CJ. Waist-hip ratio is a poor predictor of change in visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:327-33.

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of intra-abdominal fat in obese adolescents using computerized tomography vol.10, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MJX.0000407252.77908.72
  2. A Study on BMI Regarding Life Style Related with Health of Middle School Students vol.25, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.6114/jkood.2012.25.1.084
  3. Interrelationships Between Strength, Anthropometrics, and Strongman Performance in Novice Strongman Athletes vol.26, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318220db1a
  4. Does Body Mass Index Accurately Reflect Body Fat? A Comparison of Anthropometric Measures in the Longitudinal Assessment of Fat Mass vol.51, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922812440838
  5. How to Estimate Fat Mass in Overweight and Obese Subjects vol.2013, pp.1687-8345, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/285680
  6. Should visceral fat, strictly linked to hepatic steatosis, be depleted to improve survival? vol.7, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-012-9406-z
  7. Effects of Weight Management Program for Middle Aged Women with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors vol.23, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7570/kjo.2014.23.2.106
  8. The relationships between body composition characteristics and cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of older British men vol.15, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0169-y
  9. Performance of Two Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses in the Diagnosis of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The FUPRECOL Study vol.8, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8100575
  10. Changes in Physical Activities and Body Composition after Roux-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery pp.1708-0428, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-3074-y
  11. Assessment of resting energy expenditure and body composition in Japanese pregnant women with diabetes vol.9, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12795
  12. : acceptability and safety of short-term daily supplementation in a group of malnourished girls pp.1465-3478, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2018.1475550
  13. Validity of Four Commercial Bioelectrical Impedance Scales in Measuring Body Fat among Chinese Children and Adolescents vol.2015, pp.None, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/614858
  14. Clinically relevant body composition methods for obese pediatric patients vol.19, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1454-2
  15. Sleep-disordered breathing in adolescents with obesity: When does it start to affect cardiometabolic health? vol.30, pp.4, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.003