• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.158-173
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• 2004

From the present geographical environment of Korean peninsular the Republic of Korea is worser than the an island country of Japan In the point of Northeastern Asia energy network. Therefore the energy cooperation with South and North Korea is direct connect to the Northeast Asian Energy Network. It is most important that North Korea promotes the economics by themselves through the solving of their energy Problem with South Korea. Therefore, at the moment it is necessary to support North Korea with the cooperation of energy technologies that could be useful to set up the Northeast Asia Energy Network and which is important to form the energy system of Korean peninsular. In this paper to importance of cooperation for energy technology and the present of economics and energy demand/supply in North Korea and energy technology of North Korea & the comparison energy technology level of the both countries and cooperation between South and North Korea is described.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.4145-4164
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• 2016

Energy harvesting is an increasingly attractive source of power for cellular networks, and can be a promising solution for green networks. In this paper, we consider a cellular network with power beacons powering multiple mobile terminals with microwave power transfer in energy beamforming. In this network, the power beacons are powered by grid and renewable energy jointly. We adopt a dual-level control architecture, in which controllers collect information for a core controller, and the core controller has a real-time global view of the network. By implementing the water filling optimized power allocation strategy, the core controller optimizes the energy allocation among mobile terminals within the same cluster. In the proposed green energy cooperation paradigm, power beacons dynamically share their renewable energy by locally injecting/drawing renewable energy into/from other power beacons via the core controller. Then, we propose a new water filling optimized green energy cooperation management strategy, which jointly exploits water filling optimized power allocation strategy and green energy cooperation in cellular networks. Finally, we validate our works by simulations and show that the proposed water filling optimized green energy cooperation management strategy can achieve about 10% gains of MT's average rate and about 20% reduction of on-grid energy consumption.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.470-498
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• 2022

Recently, the world has been considering hydrogen energy as the primary energy transition means to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. In order to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, Korea is also promoting a clean hydrogen economy. However, it is necessary to introduce various clean hydrogen from overseas so that the projected demand can not meet the domestically produced. For this study, we conducted the policy comparison approach between countries other than the generally considered technical and economic approaches. The finding proposes the direction of bilateral cooperation for a strategy of securing overseas clean hydrogen from a geopolitical perspective. Germany was a target country for the policy comparison since it has a high proportion of manufacturing, like Korea, and is taking the lead in the renewable-based energy transition policy. According to the survey and analysis of the policy establishment status and new projects of the two countries, Germany is promoting bilateral international cooperation in the hydrogen area with about 33 countries based on 7 types of activities. In comparison, Korea is involved in bilateral cooperation with about 12 countries on relatively few activities. Among the types of bilateral cooperation, R&D cooperation with advanced countries for hydrogen technology was a common activity type. Germany preemptively promotes cooperation for demonstration and commercialization, considering geopolitical means and strengthening manpower training and assistance on policy and regulation to preoccupy the market for the future. Therefore, it is necessary to consider establishing a network of an entire life cycle of supply and demand network that links the future market with securing clean hydrogen considering the geopolitical distribution. To this end, Korea also needs to expand bilateral cooperation countries by activity type, and it seems necessary to seek various geopolitical-based bilateral cooperation and support measures for developing countries to diversify the supply sources of hydrogen.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.431-441
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• 2021

UAE is first country in Middle East to approve UN Paris Climate Agreement. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment of UAE announced National Climate Change Plan for carbon reduction to replace 24% by clean energy. Dubai open its first hydrogen station in UAE and Middle East in 2017, and Abu Dhabi planed to open second hydrogen station in 2019 but not realized. Korean government announced hydrogen economy roadmap in 2019 and various hydrogen cooperation are realized between UAE, Korea, Germany, USA, and Japan. MOU between Ministry of State of UAE and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea in 2019 for the cooperation of hydrogen city. This study propose strategies for the 'Hydrogen Based Public Transport in UAE' by the support of Korea government considering various stakeholder.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.941-951
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• 2016

In this paper, cognitive radio and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) are effectively combined to design a spectrum-efficient and energy-efficient transmission paradigm. Specifically, a novel SWIPT-based primary-secondary cooperation model is proposed to increase the transmission rate of energy/spectrum constrained users. In the proposed model, a multi-antenna secondary user conducts simultaneous energy harvesting and information forwarding by means of power splitting (PS), and tries to maximize its own transmission rate under the premise of successfully assisting the data delivery of the primary user. After the problem formulation, joint power splitting and beamforming optimization algorithms for decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward modes are presented, in which we obtain the optimal PS factor and beamforming vectors using a golden search method and dual methods. Simulation results show that the proposed SWIPTbased primary-secondary cooperation schemes can obtain a much higher level of performance than that of non-SWIPT cooperation and non-cooperation schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.3921-3944
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• 2015

Currently Energy-Saving (ES) methods in cellular networks could be improved, as compensation method for irregular Base Station (BS) deployment is not effective, most regional ES algorithm is complex, and performance decline caused by ES action is not evaluated well. To resolve above issues, a low-complexity energy efficient BS cooperation mechanism for Long Time Evolution (LTE) networks is proposed. The mechanism firstly models the ES optimization problem with coverage, resource, power and Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. To resolve the problem with low complexity, it is decomposed into two sub-problems: BS Mode Determination (BMD) problem and User Association Optimization (UAO) problem. To resolve BMD, regional dynamic multi-stage algorithms with BS cooperation pair taking account of load and geographic topology is analyzed. And then a distributed heuristic algorithm guaranteeing user QoS is adopted to resolve UAO. The mechanism is simulated under four LTE scenarios. Comparing to other algorithms, results show that the mechanism can obtain better energy efficiency with acceptable coverage, throughput, and QoS performance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1359-1375
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• 2015

Energy efficiency is critical for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since sensor nodes usually have very limited energy supply from battery. Sleep scheduling and nodes cooperation are two of the most efficient methods to achieve energy conservation in WSNs. In this paper, we propose an adaptive energy optimization approach for target tracking applications, called Energy-Efficient Node Coordination (EENC), which is based on the grid structure. EENC provides an unambiguous calculation and analysis for optimal the nodes cooperation theoretically. In EENC, the sleep schedule of sensor nodes is locally synchronized and globally unsynchronized. Locally in each grid, the sleep schedule of all nodes is synchronized by the grid head, while globally the sleep schedule of each grid is independent and is determined by the proposed scheme. For dynamic sleep scheduling in tracking state we propose a multi-level coordination algorithm to find an optimal nodes cooperation of the network to maximize the energy conservation while preserving the tracking performance. Experimental results show that EENC can achieve energy saving of at least 38.2% compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture(YKAP) possesses the potential to become the first testing ground for the North-East Asian Energy Cooperation in renewable energy sector. We found that production of biodiesel from rapeseed and CHP (Combined Heat and Power Plant) project utilizing abundant forest resources are the two main bioenergy development projects which may have further development potential considering the resource endowments and the focus of Chinese governments' current rural development policy. Provision of stable and transparent investment environments and the development of a close cooperation mechanism between Korea and China government are the prerequisite conditions for investments in the sector. Other international institutional agreements, such as CDM, shall be fully utilized for biomass CHP projects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1444-1454
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• 2020

Objective: Cold stress induces oxidative damage and impairs energy status of broilers. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits antioxidant properties and modulates energy metabolism of animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NAC on energy status and antioxidant capacity of heart and liver in the cold-stressed broilers. Methods: The experiment consisted of 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or plus 0.1% NAC) and two ambient temperatures (thermoneutral [conventional ambient temperature] or cold stress [10℃±1℃ during days 15 to 42]). Results: No ascites were seen in cold-stressed broilers. NAC did not attenuate the impaired growth performance of stressed birds. However, NAC decreased plasma asparagine but increased aspartate levels in cold-stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but elevated adenosine diphosphate contents in unstressed birds (p<0.05). The hepatic ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP was increased in birds fed NAC (p<0.05). NAC decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cardiac total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in unstressed birds, but increased hepatic activities of T-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC down-regulated hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase but up-regulated cardiac heme-oxigenase mRNA expression in stressed birds, and decreased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in liver and heart of birds. Conclusion: Dietary NAC did not affect energy status but enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cold-stressed broilers.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1123-1127
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• 2008

The public-private cooperation in package deal has been studied for the overseas energy resources acquisition. The effectiveness of the package deal has not been successful because the deal has led by the government organizations. It is difficult for the plant EPC companies to join the packaged deal due to the lack of the whole responsibility organization to support the participation of the package deal. The followings are suggested as the ways to strengthen of the public-private cooperation in this study. 1) the relevant public enterprise privatization 2) establishment of the joint model for leading the plant EPC companies to the package deal 3) establishment of the whole responsibility organization for the public-private cooperation.