• Title/Summary/Keyword: energy composition

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Performance and Carcass Composition of Broilers under Heat Stress : I. The Effects of Dietary Energy and Protein

  • Al-Batshan, H.A.;Hussein, E.O.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.914-922
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    • 1999
  • An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary energy and protein on performance and carcass composition of broilers under heat stress during the growing period (3-6 weeks). A factorial arrangement of three levels of energy (3.0, 3.2 and 3.4 kcal/g), three levels of protein (18, 20 and 22%), an two rearing temperatures were used in this study. Groups of birds were kept under moderate temperature ($24{\pm}1^{\circ}C/24h$) or hot cycling temperature ($26-34^{\circ}C/6h$, $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C/12h$, and $34-26^{\circ}C/6h$). Body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (feed : gain) (FC), carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (YP), breast meat (BM), abdominal fat (AF), drumsticks (DS), and thighs (TH) percentages were determined at the end of the experiment. Hot cycling temperature significantly (p<0.05) decreased BW, WG, FI, CW, and BM, increased FC, YP, DS, and TH but did not affect AF. High energy significantly (p<0.05) increased BW, WG, CW, YP, AF, and TH, decreased FI and FC but did not affect BM or DS. This improvement was observed only under moderate temperature resulting in significant (p<0.05) energy by temperature interaction. High protein significantly (p<0.05) increased BW, WG, CW and BM, decreased AF but did not affect FI, FC, TP, DS, or TH. There were no significant protein by temperature interactions for any of the parameters tested except CW. It is concluded, under the conditions imposed in this experiment, that increasing dietary energy did not alleviate the depressing effect of heat stress while increasing dietary protein up to 22% improved the performance of broilers irrespective of rearing temperature.

The Electrochemical Properties of Sulfur Electrode with Composition of MWNT for Li Battery (리튬 전지용 유황전극의 탄소나노튜브 조성에 따른 전기화학적 특성)

  • Yu, Ji-Hyun;Park, Jin-Woo;Kim, Ki-Won;Ryu, Ho-Suk;Ahn, Jou-Hyeon;Kim, Dong-Ju;Jin, Chang-Soo;Shin, Kyung-Hee;Ahn, Hyo-Jun
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2011
  • We investigated the effect of composition of a sulfur electrode with MWNT on the discharge behavior and cycling property of a Li/S cell. The MWNT content of a 60wt.% sulfur electrode varied from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%. The optimum content of MWNT is 20wt.%, which shows the best cycling property. The first discharge capacity is 1166 mAh/g and decrease to the 542 mAh/g after 30th cycle. The homogeneous distribution of MWNT is an important factor for cycling properties.

Redox Stability and Electrochemical Performances of La0.6Sr0.4Fe1-xScxO3-δ for Solid Oxide Cells Interconnector (고체산화물전지 접속자용 La0.6Sr0.4Fe1-xScxO3-δ의 상 안정성 및 전기화학 성능)

  • KWAK, MINJUN;CHOI, HYUN-JONG;KIM, TAE WOO;SEO, DOO-WON;WOO, SANG-KUK;KIM, SUN-DONG
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.274-279
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    • 2018
  • Sc-substituted $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}FeO_{3-{\delta}}$(LSFSc) has synthesized for ceramic interconnector of tubular solid oxide cells (SOCs). For improving the redox stability and electric conductivity of LSFSc, the compositions of Sc, pH value of mixed precursors, calcination temperature and times were optimizing. The electrochemical performances of $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Fe_{1-x}Sc_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ powders were measured as depending on Sc composition. The electric conductivity and redox stability of $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Fe_{1-x}Sc_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ was determined by Sc concentration. $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Fe_{0.9}Sc_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ powders can be one of the stable composition for ceramic interconnector of tubular-SOCs.

A Study on Evaluating the Selection of Low Rank Coal Gasifier (저급탄 가스화기 선정 평가 연구)

  • KIM, CHEOLOONG;LIM, HO;KIM, RYANGGYOON;SONG, JUHUN;JEON, CHUNGHWAN
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.567-580
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    • 2015
  • In order to select an optimum gasifier for specific low rank coal, evaluation elements were studied by analyzing characteristics of low rank coal compared with those of high rank coal and the effects of each gasifier type in accordance with the characteristics. And syngas composition calculation model was made on the basis of thermochemical equilibrium to quantify some of the evaluation elements. And then the suitable gasifier was selected for a kind of Indonesian low rank coal through this syngas composition calculation model and the evaluation elements of selecting gasifier.

The Gasifier Operation Method using Bio Gas (바이오가스를 이용한 가스화기 운전 방안)

  • Lee, Joongwon;Joo, Yongjin;Chung, Jaehwa;Park, Seik;Kim, Uisik
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2013
  • The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system is well known for its high efficiency compared with other coal fueled power generation system. The aim of this study is to confirm the feasibility of using bio gas in coal feeding system and syngas recirculation system. The effects of using bio gas in the gasifier on the syngas composition were investigated through simulations using the Aspen Plus process simulator. It was found that these changes had an influence on the syngas composition of the final stream and bio gas can be used in a gasifier system.

Poly (vinyl acetate)-Ionic Liquids Membranes for $CO_2$ Capture (이산화탄소 포집용 폴리비닐아세테이트-이온성액체 막)

  • Lee, Sang-Jin;Choe, Su-Hyeon;Baek, Il-Hyeon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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    • 2010.04a
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    • pp.199-199
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    • 2010
  • Polymeric membranes have been widely used to separate gas mixtures, such as $O_2/N_2,\;CO_2/CH_4,\;CO_2/N_2$, and olefin/paraffin. The permeation selectivity is the ratio between composition ratio at the permeate side and composition ratio at the feed side. In addition, the permeation selectivity is a product of solubility selectivity and diffusivity selectivity. We present a novel idea and describe its experimental result, which was achieved by preparing polymer gel films that included a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) in a polymer matrix. It is known that $CO_2$ can dissolve easily in imidazolium-based RTILs. We prepared polymer-ionic liquid gel films using an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim] acetate, C-tri) and a host polymer, poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc, Aldrich).

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Electrical Conduction Chracteristics of ZnO Varistor Fabricated by the Method of 3-Composition Seed Grain (3-성분 종입자법으로 제조된 ZnO 바리스터의 전기전도 특성)

  • 김도영;장경욱;유영각;곽두환;이준웅
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 1991.10a
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    • pp.40-43
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    • 1991
  • The low-voltage ZnO varistor fabricated by a new method with three-composition seed grain are studied. The knee voltage about 5V$\_$0.5[A/$\textrm{cm}^2$]/ for sample #7 among the various samples are observed, and activation energy in the obmic region and trap level in the double sohottky region for each samples are 0.359∼0.450eV and 0.553∼0.620eV, respectively. It is concluded that the change of knee voltage may be caused by trap level in double sohottky region rather than activation energy in the ohmic region.

The Study of In Clustering Effects in InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Structure (InGaN/GaN 다중 양자우물 구조에서의 In 응집 현상의 연구)

  • 조형균;이정용;김치선;양계모
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.07a
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    • pp.636-639
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    • 2001
  • InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown with various growth interruptions between the InGaN well and GaN barrier by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated using photoluminescence, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). The luminescence intensity of the MQWs with growth interruptions is abruptly reduced compared to that of the MQW without growth interruption. Also, as the interruption time increases the peak emission shows a continuous blue shift. Evidence of indium clustering is directly observed both by using an indium ratio map of the MQWs and from indium composition measurements along an InGaN well using EFTEM. The higher intensity and lower energy emission of light from the MQW grown without interruption showing indium clustering is believed to be caused by the recombination of excitons localized in indium clustering regions and the increased indium composition in these recombination centers.

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SIMS Investigation of Black Cr Solar Selective Coatings (Black Cr 태양 선택흡수막의 SIMS 연구)

  • Lee, Kil-Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 2014
  • The elemental composition of electro-deposited black Cr solar selective coatings before and after heating in air by using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was investigated for optical property analysis. In addition, black Cr selective coating exposed by solar radiation for 5 months was compared with heated sample. SIMS investigation shows that $OH^+$ bearing ions were related to a near surface region of CrOH and CrO compound. The optical degradation of this coating after heating at $500^{\circ}C$ reveals that diffusion of the Cu and Ni elements in substrate material, the chemical interactions adjacent to the interface, and the interface width broadening.

Electric Conductivities of LaCl3-KCl Binary Melts (용융 LaCl3-KCl 2성분계 혼합염의 전기전도도)

  • Kim, Kiho
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.48-52
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    • 2014
  • Electric conductivities of $LaCl_3$-KCl binary melts have been measured by the Kohlausch bridge method over the range from their liquidus temperatures to about 1280 K. The electric conductivity increased with the content of KCl for all over the composition range of binary melts. The composition dependence of the electric conductivity and molar conductivity for the binary melt showed a non-linear relation from the additivity line, and the deviation showed a maximum value at about 60 mol.% KCl. The deviation implies the existence of complex ion of $LaCl^{4-}$ in the melt. Activation energy for electric conductivity of the binary melts decreased monotonously with increasing content of KCl.