• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.37.2-37.2
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• 2008

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chin tuck exercise (CTE) on the craniovertebral angle (CVA), strength and endurance of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles in subjects with forward head posture(FHP). This study was performed on 30 subjects with FHP. Method : Thirty subjects were divided into two groups; modified CTE (n=15), conventional CTE (n=15). Both of the group performed the exercise 4 times a week for 6 weeks. The subjects performed CTE in two different methods; modified CTE, with device designed that help keep cervical lordois curve, and coventional CTE, without using device. The CVA was measured using Image software version. A pressure biofeedback unit was used to measure the strength and endurance of the DCF muscles. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test for comparing before and after changes of variables in each group and the independent t-test for comparing the between groups. Result : There was statistically significant difference of before and after strength and endurance of DCF muscles in modified CTE (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of before and after only endurance of DCF muscles in conventional CTE (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of between the two group in strength of DCF muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion : Muscle strength to stabilize the spine plays an important role in maintaining a good posture. Therefore, we suggest that the application of CTE with a device designed to maintain the lordotic curvature in the neck is likely to yield better outcomes in FHP subjects in future studies.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

Background: Patients with neck pain develop instability due to muscle imbalance, decreased proprioception, and balance disorders. Studies have examined various exercise methods as treatment methods, but few studies have compared the effects of cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic balance exercise on pain, functional level, and psychosocial level in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty-four non-specific chronic neck pain patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n=17) and control group (CG, n=17); the cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise program were applied to the EG; and only the cervical stabilization exercise program was applied to the CG. The intervention was conducted twice a week, for six weeks. Assessment items evaluated pain, dysfunction (Korean version neck disability index), range of motion, craniocervical flexion test, cervical deep flexor endurance test, and psychosocial level. Data analysis was performed using intention-to-treat analysis as assigned. To analyze differences in the items assessed in the two groups, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance with an interaction between group (EG, CG) and time point (baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks). Results: The endurance of the cervical flexor muscles between the group and the measurement point after intervention (p<.05). Both groups showed significantly improved endurance between time points after the intervention (p<.05), with the EG showing a greater change than the CG. None of the other measurement items differed in the pattern of change between measurement points. Conclusion: In conclusion, the EG applying a cervical stabilization exercise and a dynamic balance exercise experienced a significant difference in muscle endurance improvement compared to the CG. We propose an exercise intervention program that includes stabilization exercises and dynamic balance exercises for patients with chronic cervical pain who lack muscle endurance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.362-368
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• 2017

The endurance test is important to evaluate and predict defects of the vehicles. In particular, in order to improve the reliability of the endurance test for the powertrain system of military vehicles, the driving load is measured and analyzed at test courses and maneuvering roads. As a result, new test courses for powertrain system is additionally needed to improve test reliability. In this paper, it shows that new test courses for powertrain system is designed and constructed using the measuring and anlayzing result between CPG test courses and army maneuvering roads.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the muscular endurance on the kinematic factors during a prolonged run. Subjects, 12 males, who were divided into three groups(lower group, general group, and in higher group) after measuring the lower limb's muscular endurance previously. They were asked toe run on the treadmill at 7.4km/h of speed. To analyze the kinematics parameters of the trunk during running, the ProReflex MCU Camera(Qualisys, Sweden) were used. All parameters were sampled from 5 minute, 40 minute, and 60 minute moments during running. An ANOVA with Repeated Measure was used to test the statistic significance between and within groups for all parameters determined with SPSS 11.0. Significance was defined as p<.05. The conclusions were as follows; There was significantly difference within(lapse of running time) groups in the take-off and minimum knee angle event of swing phase of the trunk flexion and extension. In conclusion, the muscular endurance affected on movement of the trunk during a prolonged run. In addition, it showed that there was significant difference in the energy consumption by lapse of running time. Therefore, it seems to be relationships between the muscular endurance and running efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2004

Treadmill training is a new promising therapy in gait rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of treadmill training on walking speed and gait endurance in patients with chronic hemiplegia. The subject of this includes twenty patients, who had suffered from chronic hemiplegia and were in the K rehabilitation center; each ten patients were randomly assigned to experimental or control group. Among twenty patients, one group of ten for experiment was treated with progressive speed increase treadmill ambulation traing besides conventional physical therapy(SITAT) while the rest ten for the controlled group was treated with conventional physical therapy(CPT) only, for 8 weeks alike. Before and after the foregoing 8 weeks training, walking velocity and gait endurance were measured to both groups. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. The results of this study are as follows; The SITAT and CPT showed the significant difference in walking velocity and gait endurance. As compared the rehabilitation of dependent varibles between the SITAT and CPT, SITAT showed the significant difference in walking velocity and gait endurance. The outcome suggest that patient with chronic hemiplegia can improve their walking velocity and gait endurance throught treadmill training.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

According to the frequent use of mobile devices, risk of repetitive strain injury for the finger joints was increasing recently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of muscular endurance limit of the thumb between adults and children. A total of thirty subjects (15 adults: $41.0{\pm}7.9$ years and 15 children: $9.5{\pm}2.7$ years) was recruited for this experiment. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the thumb was measured for 100 trials for each subject by using a push-pull gauge. From the maximum peak value obtained, three main factors (MVC, endurance limit, and fatigue index) were defined to quantify fatigue characteristics of the thumb flexor muscle. The experimental results showed that the mean of MVC, endurance limit, and fatigue index of the children were approximately 50% compared to the adults (p < 0.001). From the results of Pearson correlation test, the endurance limit was highly correlated with weight, age, hand length rather than height. Based on this study, children are more vulnerable to repetitive task using the thumb such as text/SNS messaging, gaming, and scrolling.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of 24-week sensory integration activity training on fitness of children with intellectual disability. Research design, data, and methodology: The subjects were 10 children with intellectual disability, 60 min training of sensory integration activity for 24 weeks. Obesity, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and muscle endurance were measured pre and post training. Frist, characteristics of subjects were measured with age, height, weight, IQ and SQ. Second, the subjects then performed sensory integration activity training for 24 weeks. Last, weight, strength, endurance, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility were measured. Data were calculated for average and standard deviation by SPSS 25.0 statistic program, and dependent sample t-test was processed to analyze the change between pre and post training. All statistical significance level was set to 0.5. Results: The result was shown that weight, strength and endurance changes between pre and post were significant. However, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility changes between pre and post were not significant. Conclusions: The lack of training frequency of 60 minute per week were acknowledged per week from this result. In future research, increased intensity and frequency are need for an in-depth and meaningful study and the measured data can be used basic information for the study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 1988

In Our Country, the fire safety design is done by the standard furnace fire test. This is haphazard procedure, as the standard furnace fire endurance of structural elements has little relation to the structural element endurance in an actual Compartment fire. The standard furnace fire test results, though obtained at great cost, do not contribute to the understanding of the behavior of structural elements in an elevated temperature environment and can not be applied rationally in fire safety design. The response of a steel and reinforced concrete structure in fire is a very complex problem. Therefore, in this paper is explained about tendency of study for fire safety design in advanced nations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

A performance test of inter propellant seal for a 75 ton class turbopump is conducted using water to evaluate leakage and endurance performance. Each part of fuel pump side and oxidizer pump side for a prototype inter propellant seal has been tested for verifying endurance performance during total accumulated test time 2,100 sec in water. The fuel pump side part with one-stage seal of carbon floating ring shows average leakage rate 13.7 gram/sec under average seal differential pressure 9.4 bar. On the other hand, the oxidizer pump side part with two-stage seal assembly of carbon floating rings shows average leakage rate 7.3 gram/sec under average seal differential pressure 9.5 bar. After the endurance performance test, the inter propellant seal shows good physical condition. A leakage performance test of the inter propellant seal for cryogenic environment will be performed using LN2 in the near future.