• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2002

내분비계 장애물질이 환경호르몬이란 용어로 우리들의 실생활에 사용되는 용기 등을 통해 여러 가지 영향을 미치고 있다. 수많은 화학물질들 중에서 환경호르몬은 어떠한 종류의 화학물질이며, 언제 알려지게 되었고, 어떻게 분류되었으며, 이러한 환경호르몬성을 갖는 물질들의 환경호르몬성은 어떠한 연구기법에 의해 검색되는지와 현재까지의 사용실태와 문제점 및 국내외 관련 동향 등을 고찰하여 보았다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.118.1-118.1
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• 2003

A growing body of scientific research indicates that man-made chemicals (xenobiotics) may interfere with the normal functioning of endocrine, or hormone systems. These endocrine disruptors may cause a variety of problems with development, behavior, and reproduction. Amongst the xenobiotics the World Health Organization classed 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD as a "known" human carcinogen. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.68.1-68.1
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• 2003

A method for determination 11 endocrine disrupting chemicals of phenols in various samples was deloped. The alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) followed by two work-up methods for comparison; isobutoxycarbonyl (isoBOC) derivatization method and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization method. Eleven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of phenols in biological samples were extracted with acetonitrile and then acetonitrile layer was refrigerated at -60$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours (freezing filtration). (omitted)

• 한국동물학회:뉴스레터
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 1998

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. DECD is developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect in humans. In the present study. the establishment oj repeated-dose toxicity test method was tried. Flutamide. an anti-androgenic agent. was administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days at dose levels of 0. 0.5. 3 and 18 mg/kg body weight (10-15 rats/sex/group) to examine the effects on general findings. especially reproductive and endocrine parameters. Clinical signs. body weights, food consumption, and sexual cycle were checked and measured. For the gross and microscopic examinations. 10 rats/sex/group were sacrificed at the end of dosing period and the remaining animals of control and high dose groups (5 each) were sacrificed after 14 days recovery. Examinations for hematology and clinical chemistry were carried out at necropsy. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs. body weights, food consumption. gross necropsy. hematology and clinical chemistry at all doses of both sexes. The period and regularity of sexual cycle were not adversely affected at all doses by the test agent. At 18 mg/kg. both decreased weights of prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis in males and increased weights of spleen and thymus in females were observed. In addition, decreased number of spermatids and sperms. increased serum testosterone concentration and increased incidence (100%) of interstitial cell hyperplasia were seen in males. At 18 mg/kg of the recovery group. decreased prostate weight. reduced sperm count and increased incidence (20%) of interstitial cell hyperplasia in males and increased thymus weight in females were observed. At 3 mg/kg. reduced sperm count was found. There were no adverse effects on parameters examined at 0.5 mg/kg of both sexes. The results suggested that the potential target organs of flutamide may be accessory sexual glands including testes for males and spleen and thymus for females. Taken together. this test method was found to be a useful screening test system for endocrine disrupting chemicals.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2015

내분비계장애물질 (endocrine disruptors)은 포유류에서 축적되어 내분비계를 교란하며, 특히 수정능, 초기발생 등에 악영향을 미치고 암을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. 이러한 내분비계장애물질은 그 내분비계 교란 효과에 대한 지식이 부족하여 페인트, 코팅, 세제, 플라스틱 등에 활발히 사용되어 왔다. 특히 가정에서 내분비계장애물질은 음식 용기, 물병, 세탁용 세제 등에 사용되어 인체에 쉽게 노출되었다. 이후 내분비계장애물질의 위험성을 인식하면서 세계 각국에서는 내분비계장애물질의 생산 및 사용을 규제하고 대체재를 발굴하기 시작하였다. 그러나 현재까지 보고된 대체재의 안전성 또한 불확실하며, 이들의 인체에 대한 악영향을 완전히 파악하지 못한 채 사용하고 있다. 최근 이러한 대체재들 중 기존의 내분비계장애물질과 구조적으로 유사하고 내분비계 교란 효과를 갖는 물질이 있음이 밝혀졌으며, 이에 본 소고에서는 기존에 알려진 대표적인 내분비계장애물질인 bisphenol-A, phthalates, nonylphenols 및 이들의 대체재가 인체에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 나아가 일부 대체재들에 대한 in-silico 분석을 수행함으로써 현존하는 대체재의 안전성에 의문을 제기하고 바람직한 소재 발굴을 위한 가이드를 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the endorcrine disruption effects of the several major pharmaceutical residues in water using adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Four frequently used pharmaceuticals including caffeine, ketoconazole, acetaminophen, and diltiazem were investigated for the vitellogenin(Vtg) induction in the medaka using Western blotting and ELISA. $17\beta$,-estradiol was used as a positive control. Vtg was qualified and quantified through Western blot and ELISA. Following SDS gel electrophoresis, the dominant protein band was identified to molecular weight approximately 205 kDa in whole body samples of vitellogenic female. With female medaka exposed to $17\beta,-estradiol$, no significant difference in total protein induction was noted. In contrast, three to five day exposure of male fish to $17\beta,-estradiol$ resulted in $63.07\%o$, increase of total protein comparing to that of control males (p<0.01). Vtg induction in male fish was observed with all the test pharmaceuticals: At concentrations greater than 1ppm of diltiazem, 2 ppm of caffeine, 4 ppm of acetaminophen, and 10 ppm of ketoconazole, Vtg induction was monotonously increased in a dose dependent manner. This study is one of the first reports suggesting potential endocrine disruption mechanism of common human pharmaceutical products in aquatic ecosystem. Although the effect concentrations obtained from this investigation are environmentally unrealistically high, endocrine disruption should be considered as one of the important consequences of pharmaceutical pollution in aquatic environment, and warrants due attention in future researches.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC's) are chemicals that either mimic endogenous hormones interfering with pharmacokinetics or act by other mechanisms. Some endocrine disrupters were reported to be chemical substances that cause apoptosis in cells. A number of reports have indicated that 1,3-DCP, one of the EDC's may act as an endocrine disrupter and also has possible carcinogenic effects. 1,3-DCP, present in commercial protein hydrolysates used for human nutrition, are genotoxic and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol induced tumors in rats. In the present study, it was investigated whether 1,3-DCP induces ROS generation and apotosis in A549 adenocarcinoma cells. Here we show that 1,3-DCP inhibits the growth of lung cancer cell lines and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), a major cause of DNA damage and genetic instability, It was investigated that 1,3-DCP increases G1 phase cells after 12 hours, thereafter abruptly draws A549 cells to G0 state after 24 hours by flow cytometric analysis. 1,3-DCP induces p53 and $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ activation time- and dose-dependently by 24 hours, while the level $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ was decreased after 48 hours. These results suggest that 1,3-DCP, an EDC's generates ROS and regulates genes involved with cell cycle and apoptosis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

This study investigated possible involvement of photoperiodic regulation in reproductive endocrine system of female olive flounder. To investigate the influence on brain-pituitary axis in endocrine system by regulating photoperiod, compared expression level of Kisspeptin and sbGnRH mRNA in brain and FSH-${\beta}$, LH-${\beta}$ and GH mRNA in pituitary before and after spawning. Photoperiod was treated natural photoperiod and long photoperiod (15L:9D) conditions from Aug. 2013 to Jun. 2014. Continuous long photoperiod treatment from Aug. (post-spawning phase) was inhibited gonadal development of female olive flounder. In natural photoperiod group, the Kiss2 expression level a significant declined in Mar. (spawning period). And also, FSH-${\beta}$, LH-${\beta}$ and GH mRNA expression levels were increasing at this period. However, in long photoperiod group, hypothalamic Kiss2, FSH-${\beta}$, LH-${\beta}$ and GH mRNA expression levels did not show any significant fluctuation. These results suggest that expression of hypothalamic Kiss2, GtH and GH in the pituitary would change in response to photoperiod and their possible involvement of photoperiodic regulation in reproductive endocrine system of the BPG axis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.297-303
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• 1996

가물치의 위장관 내분비세포의 부위별 분포 및 출현빈도를 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바, secretin 면역반응세포들은 위의 분문부와 위저부의 상피 또는 장선부에서 소수로 출현하였다. Motilin과 GRP 면역반응세포는 장의 원위부와 위저부의 상피에서 극소수로, PYY 면역반응세포들은 유문맹낭부위와 장의 근위부에서 소수 또는 극소수로 각각 관찰되었다. Substance P 면역반응세포들은 위저부에서 장의 원위부에 걸쳐 소수 내지는 비교적 다수의 출현빈도를 보였으며 또한 장의 원위부 고유층에서는 신경세포가 양성반응을 보였다. 그러나 neurotensin, met-Enk, GIP 면역반응세포들은 전장관에서 관찰할 수 없었다.