• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2015

Dead-ended operation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC) provides the simplification of fuel cell systems to reduce fuel consumption and weight of fuel cell. However, the water accumulation within the channel prohibits a uniform supply of fuel. Optimization of the purge strategy is required to increase the fuel cell efficiency since fuel and water are removed during the purge process. In this study, we investigated the average voltage output which depends on two interrelated conditions, namely, the supply gas pressure, purging valve open time. In addition, flow visualization was performed to better understand the water build-up on the anode side and cathode side of PEMFC in terms of a variety of the current density. We analyzed the correlation between the purge condition and water flooding.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2008

This paper presents a delay-margin based traffic engineering (TE) approach to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks using differentiated services (DiffServ) at the link level. The TE, including delay, class, and route assignments, is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem reflecting the inter-class and inter-link dependency introduced by DiffServ and end-to-end QoS requirements. Three algorithms are used to provide a solution to the problem: The first two, centralized offline route configuration and link-class delay assignment, operate in the convex areas of the feasible region to consecutively reduce the objective function using a per-link per-class decomposition of the objective function gradient. The third one is a heuristic that promotes/demotes connections at different links in order to deal with concave areas that may be produced by a trunk route usage of more than one class on a given link. Approximations of the three algorithms suitable for on-line distributed TE operation are also derived. Simulation is used to show that proposed approach can increase the number of users while maintaining end-to-end QoS requirements.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 무선 멀티홉 네트워크 환경에서 종단간 최적 전송률을 제공하기 위한 분산 송신전력제어 방안을 제안한다. 제안 방안은 멀티홉 구성 링크들의 전송률이 갖는 연대 특성과 멀티홉 종단간 전송률이 최소 링크 전송률에 의해 결정된다는 점을 고려하여, 멀티홉 구성 링크들의 전송률이 모두 같아지도록 송신전력을 제어함으로써 종단간 전송률을 최대화 한다. 또한 제안 방안은 이웃단말과의 정보 공유만을 가지고 단말 스스로 송신전력 값을 계산하는 분산 방식으로 송신전력 제어에 필요한 정보 교환 오버헤드를 줄인다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안 방안은 고정된 최대 송신전력 값을 사용한 기존 방식 대비 종단간 전송률과 전력소비 측면에서 큰 성능이득을 보여준다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2023

Heterogeneous computing is a technology that utilizes different types of processors to perform parallel processing. It maximizes task processing and energy efficiency by leveraging various computing resources such as CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. On the other hand, edge computing has developed with IoT and 5G technologies. It is a distributed computing that utilizes computing resources close to clients, thereby offloading the central server. It has evolved to intelligent edge computing combined with artificial intelligence. Intelligent edge computing enables total data processing, such as context awareness, prediction, control, and simple processing for the data collected on the edge. If heterogeneous computing can be successfully applied in the edge, it is expected to maximize job processing efficiency while minimizing dependence on the central server. In this paper, experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of various parallel programming models on high-end and low-end edge devices by using benchmark applications. We analyzed the performance of five parallel programming models on the Raspberry Pi 4 and Jetson Orin Nano as low-end and high-end devices, respectively. In the experiment, OpenACC showed the best performance on the low-end edge device and OpenSYCL on the high-end device due to the stability and optimization of system libraries.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2016

End milling is an important and common machining operation because of its versatility and capability to produce various profiles and curved surfaces. This paper presents an experimental study of the cutting force variations in the end milling of SM25C with HSS(high speed steel) and carbide tool. This paper involves a study of the Taguchi design application to optimize cutting force in a end milling operation. The Taguchi design is an efficient and effective experimental method in which a response variable can be optimized, given various control and noise factors, using fewer resources than a factorial design. This study included feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut as control factors, and the noise factors were different cutting tool in the same specification. An orthogonal array of $L_9(3^3)$ of ANOVA analyses were carried out to identify the significant factors affecting cutting force, and the optimal cutting combination was determined by seeking the best cutting force and signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, confirmation tests verified that the Taguchi design was successful in optimizing end milling parameters for cutting force.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2003

A parallel manipulator has high stiffness and all the joint errors on the device are not accumulated at the end -effector unlike a serial manipulator. These are the reasons why the parallel manipulator has been widely used in many fields of industry. In the parallel manipulator, it is very important to predict the exact pose of the end-effector when we want to control the end-effector motion. Installation errors have to be determined in order to predict and control the actual position and pose of the end-effector. This paper presents an algorithm to find the whole 36 joint error components with joint clearance errors and measurement errors considered, when a link length measurement sensor is used and data more than 36 times are acquired for 36 different configurations. A simulation test using this algorithm is performed with a Matlab program which uses the Levenberg-Marquardt method that is known to be efficient for non-linear optimization.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

KOptimization and control of wet-end process provide a key solution to improve paper quality and production efficiency at the same time. Wet-end of paper machine is to determine three important influencing factors of papermaking i.e., retention, drainage and formation. Good formation of paper could be made at the cost of deteriorated retention or drainage. In the same manner increase of retention aid could cause the bad formation of paper. It is very important to find a proper retention chemical which may satisfy one of three factors without the sacrifice of other two. Laboratory scale analyzing or screening chemical additives of wet-end was reported in this study based on RDA sheet molding. Different from the conventional test method, simultaneous consideration of three important wet-end properties could be made by RDA and consequently more reliable prediction of actual paper machine wet-end could be expected.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2010

This study presents the optimization design process of a segment ball valve that involves the reduction of the flow resistance coefficient and the satisfaction of the strength requirement. Numerical analysis of fluid flow and structural analysis have been performed to predict the flow resistance coefficient and the maximum stress of a segment ball valve. In this study, a segment ball valve incorporating the advantages of a ball valve and a butterfly valve has been devised. In general, ball valves are installed in a pipe system where tight shut off is required. Butterfly valves having smaller end-to-end dimension than ball valve can be installed in narrow spaces in a pipe system. The metamodels for the shape design of a segment ball valve are built by the response surface method and the Kriging interpolation model.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.781-787
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• 2007

NEMO(Network Mobility) 기본 지원 프로토콜은 경로 최적화 과정을 수행하고 있지 않으며 MR(Mobile Router)과 HA(Home Agent) 사이의 양방향 터널 구간을 제외한 다른 구간에서는 특별한 보안 메커니즘을 제시하고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 MR과 MNN(Mobile Network Node) 사이의 양방향 터널을 통해 위임 권한 프로토콜을 수행하고 위임 권한을 획득한 MR과 CN (Correspondent Node) 사이에 인증된 바인딩 갱신 프로토콜을 통해 경로를 안전하게 최적화한다. 각 노드의 주소는 주소 소유권 증명을 위해 CGA(Cryptographically Generated Address)방식을 통해 생성한다. 끝으로 NEMO에서의 보안 요구사항과 기존에 알려진 공격을 통해 안전성을 분석하고 NEMO 지원 프로토콜과 연결성 복구력(connectivity recovery)과 종단간 패킷 전송 지연 시간율(end-to-end packet transmission delay time)을 비교하여 효율성을 분석한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1380-1385
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• 2020

An annular linear induction electromagnetic pump (ALIP) which has a developed pressure of 0.76 bar and a flow rate of 100 L/min is designed to analysis end effect which is main problem to use ALIP in thermohydraulic system of the prototype generation-IV sodium-cooled fast reactor (PGSFR). Because there is no moving part which is directly in contact with the liquid, such as the impeller of a mechanical pump, an ALIP is one of the best options for transporting sodium, considering the high temperature and reactivity of liquid sodium. For the analysis of an ALIP, some of the most important characteristics are the electromagnetic properties such as the magnetic field, current density, and the Lorentz force. These electromagnetic properties not only affect the performance of an ALIP, but they additionally influence the end effect. The end effect is caused by distortion to the electromagnetic field at both ends of an ALIP, influencing both the flow stability and developed pressure. The electromagnetic field distribution in an ALIP is analyzed in this study by solving Maxwell's equations and using numerical analysis.