• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1276-1284
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• 2014

In southeastern regions of the US, herbage systems are primarily based on grazing or hay feeding with low nutritive value warm-season perennial grasses. Nutritious herbage such as annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) may be more suitable for preserving as baleage for winter feeding even with more intensive production inputs. Emerging in-line wrapped baleage storage systems featuring rapid wrapping and low polyethylene film requirements need to be tested for consistency of storing nutritive value of a range of annual ryegrass herbage. A ryegrass storage trial was conducted with 24-h wilted 'Marshall' annual ryegrass harvested at booting, heading and anthesis stages using three replicated in-line wrapped tubes containing ten round bales per tube. After a six-month storage period, nutritive value changes and fermentation end products differed significantly by harvest stage but not by bale location. Although wilted annual ryegrass exhibited a restricted fermentation across harvest stages characterized by high pH and low fermentation end product concentrations, butyric acid concentrations were less than 1 g/kg dry matter, and lactic acid was the major organic acid in the bales. Mold coverage and bale aroma did not differ substantially with harvest stage or bale location. Booting and heading stage-harvested ryegrass baleage were superior in nutritive value to anthesis stage-harvested herbage. Based on the investigated nutritive value and fermentation characteristics, individual bale location within in-line tubes did not significantly affect preservation quality of ryegrass round bale silages.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.658-665
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• 1995

Between March 1989 and December 1994, one-stage repair was performed for correction of the intracardiac malformations associated with aortic coarctation in 34 patients or interrupted aortic arch in 8 patients via median sternotomy. There were 26 male and 16 female patients, and their body weight ranged from 1.8 to 8kg[mean weight, 4.0$\pm$l.4kg . The age at the operation ranged from 7 days to 18 months [mean age, 3.1$\pm$3.8 months . The repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch was performed using extended end-to-end anastomosis in most of the patients[86%, 36/42 , and six patients underwent ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty. Intracardiac defects were corrected concomitantly through the right atrium unless the anatomy dictated otherwise. Obstructive outlet septurn was resected whenever necessary. There were seven early deaths[16.8% , and three late deaths with a mean follow-up period of 25 months [range from 1 to 65 months . Three patients were reoperated upon residual subaortic stenosis,stenosis at the RPA origin, and subacute bacterial endocarditis respectively. None showed any significant residual or anastomotic stenosis postoperatively. One stage repair of the aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch associated with intracardiac defect leaves no native coarctation shelf tissue or residual hypoplasia in the repaired segment, has low incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis, minimizes reoperation and incisions, and manages arch hypoplasia easily.We conclude that surgical results of one-stage repair for the intracardiac malformation associated with aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch are resonable.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.478-486
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• 2020

Objectives: Pressure injury is a common symptom of end-stage cancer, which impact quality of life. This case study reports on use of traditional Korean medicine in an end-stage cancer patient with pressure injury after debridement and local flap. Methods: A pressure injury with debridement and a local flap was treated using herbal medicine, a carbon arc, acupuncture, dressing, and cooperation in plastic surgery. Pressure injury was followed up with photographs. Results: On the 22^nd day of treatment (26 days after the debridement and local flap), redness, swelling, and the condition of pressure injury were all improved. Moreover, the condition of the pressure injury was good without dressing. Conclusions: These results show that traditional Korean medicine may have a positive effect on a pressure injury and improve the quality of life of cancer patients. However, further study is needed to confirm these findings.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.961-966
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• 2003

In recent, the design of diaphragm which is representative disturbed region in PSC box girder bridge have been performed according to the empirical method or beam theory. But, these methods couldn't be described the behavior of the end diaphragm, and placed reinforcements accurately. As the compressive stress transferred by the web concentrated on the lower parts of diaphragm, it was demonstrated that the basic assumption of 2-D strut-and-tie model for the diaphragm that the compressive stress acts on the upper parts of the diaphragm is wrong. Meanwhile, in this research, after analyzing the variables of end diaphragm, the 2-D strut-and-tie models appropriate to each cases are proposed. And, the problems of 2-D strut-and-tie model were analyzed, so 3-D strut-and-tie model is proposed as well. There is no codes which include the demonstration of safety of 3-D strut-and-tie model. Hence, for nodes, the stresses at the elements which included the singular node in strut-and-tie model were investigated using the finite element analysis. And, the stress states of strut has one direction, so effective stresses were considered at the stage, dimensioning of the model. From the results, 3-D strut-and-tie model could predict the behavior of end diaphragm accurately, and design of reinforcement could be performed economically.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2010

An active stimulating device (ASD) using a rope apparatus may operated by the flow of turbulence inside a cod end, generating variable stimuli in addition to flow-related effects to minimize the by-catch of juvenile fishes. Preliminary testing involved a hydrodynamic effect inside the cod end with a rotating rope kite or conical rope array to generate variable stimuli (visual stimuli, water flow, or physical contact with fish) to change fish position. The experimental rope kite offered more choice in rotating period and range of sweeping action; adjusting the towing line or flow velocity helped to drive fish toward the net panel and encouraged escape. The conical shape of the rope array in the cod end helped to clear a path for fish by disturbing the rigging and providing more contrast between objects, preventing an optomotor response. This enabled more black porgy to be herded toward the net at an early stage of towing. Therefore, either a conical rope array or a rotating rope kite can be used as an effective ASD to prevent juvenile by-catch.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.584-588
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• 2007

A comparative Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) among three types of Electric Motor Unit(EMU) Interior Panel(IP) was conducted. A functional unit for comparative LCA is a weight of IP for 1 EMU. It assumed that Manufacturing stage and its upstream processes, Use stage and End of Life(EoL) stage are included in the boundary of product system. For Use stage, the weight of IP causes electricity consumption. It is assumed that aluminum IP is recycled and the other IPs are incinerated at the EoL stage. As comparison results, aluminum IP has much larger environmental impact(5.162pt) than others(FRP IP; 4.069pt, Phenol IP; 4.053pt) even though recycling consideration is included. The manufacturing stage of aluminum has relative big envrionmental impact(1.824pt) and this point make the most important difference from other IPs(FRP IP; 0.1617pt, Phenol IP; 0.4534pt)). Despite of large weight difference between FRP IP(888.56Kg) and phenol IP(315Kg), the final environmental impact result has only little difference(0.016pt, 0.39%). With this result, the EMU designer can choose IP with a consideration of the environmental performance of IP.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the engineering students leadership program and evaluate the pilot test. To this end, literature reviews covering various leadership programs were studied and a needs analysis survey was conducted. The needs analysis survey found that student subjects believe leadership to be an important quality, but that the current availability of leadership training programs is lacking. Furthermore, results of the study are as follows, with respective results listed in descending order. The majority of students selected on-line learning as their preferred training method, followed by blended learning and in-person learning. Students also indicated their preferred instructional method to be through on-line courses. Based on these results, a preliminary pilot program was experimentally launched for only 1 class's use. This process of the development for the Engineering Leadership Program consists of 4 stages. The first stage is a needs analysis survey, followed by the design of the program based on results from the needs analysis survey. Afterwards comes the development stage, followed by the implementation stage, comprised of two parts; the pilot test and the distribution. The final stage is the overall evaluation step. We are currently in the first step of the third stage (the pilot test) and only the overall evaluation stage remains. After the distribution, a follow-up study will be conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the implemented program.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1993

End-matched disks of 7.7cm thickness were part-time dried in vacuum press dryer to investigate the drying characteristics by using drying schedules and end treatments. The ginkgo disks could be dried faster with severer end checks and ring failures by C schedule than by S schedule. There were no significant differences in drying rates and amounts of end checks, ring failures and V-shaped checks occurred between ginkgo disks end-taped with Korean traditional paper (KTP) and those untreated. The drying time of walnut disks was slightly reduced by end-taping with KTP. And the length of end checks and V-shaped checks and the frequency of defected disk were decreased more effectively than those untreated. The tangential strains and tangential drying stresses near bark sides of ginkgo and walnut disk untreated were developed in the early stage of drying and incresed slightly curvi-linearly above fiber saturation point (fsp) and more curvi-linearly below fsp. The influence of end-taping with KTP on the drying rate for impermeable walnut disk was stronger than that for permeable ginkgo disk.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.622-632
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• 2000

In a high precision vertical machining center, the estimation of cutting forces is important for many reasons such as prediction of chatter vibration, surface roughness and so on. The cutting forces are difficult to predict because they are very complex and time variant. In order to predict the cutting forces of end-milling processes for various cutting conditions, their mathematical model is important and the model is based on chip load, cutting geometry, and the relationship between cutting forces and chip loads. Specific cutting force coefficients of the model have been obtained as interpolation function types by averaging forces of cutting tests. In this paper the coefficients are obtained by neural network and the results of the conventional method and those of the proposed method are compared. The results show that the neural network method gives more correct values than the function type and that in the learning stage as the omitted number of experimental data increase the average errors increase as well.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

An RF front-end dual-conversion receiver for $3{\sim}5\;GHz$ MB-OFDM UWB systems is implemented in $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The receiver includes a two-stage UWB LNA, an RF mixer, an IF I/Q mixer, and a frequency synthesizer. The proposed receiver adopts the dual-conversion architecture to mitigate the burden of design of the frequency synthesizer. Accordingly, the proposed frequency synthesizer generates four LO tones from only one VCO. The receiver front-end achieves power gain of 16.3 to 21 dB, NF of 7 to 7.6 dB over $3{\sim}5\;GHz$, and IIP3 of -21 dBm, while consuming 190 mW from a 1.8 V supply.